Fluid solid coupling model based on endochronic damage for roller compacted concrete dam

According to the characteristics of thin-layer rolling and pouting construction technology and the complicated mechanical behavior of the roller compacted concrete dam （RCCD） construction interface, a constitutive model of endochronic damage was established based on the endochronic theory and damage mechanics. The proposed model abandons the traditional concept of elastic-plastic yield surface and can better reflect the real behavior of rolled control concrete. Basic equations were proposed for the fluid-solid coupling analysis, and the relationships among the corresponding key physical parameters were also put forward. One three-dimensional finite element method （FEM） program was obtained by studying the FEM type of the seepage-stress coupling intersection of the RCCD. The method was applied to an actual project, and the results show that the fluid-solid interaction influences dam deformation and dam abutment stability, which is in accordance with practice. Therefore, this model provides a new method for revealing the mechanical behavior of RCCD under the coupling field.

Influence of construction interfaces on dynamic characteristics of roller compacted concrete dams

To study the influence of construction interfaces on dynamic characteristics of roller compacted concrete dams(RCCDs),mechanical properties of construction interfaces are firstly analyzed. Then, the viscous-spring artificial boundary(VSAB) is adopted to simulate the radiation damping of their infinite foundations, and based on the Marc software, a simplified seismic motion input method is presented by the equivalent nodal loads. Finally, based on the practical engineering of a RCC gravity dam, effects of radiation damping and construction interfaces on the dynamic characteristics of dams are investigated in detail. Analysis results show that dynamic response of the RCC gravity dam significantly reduces about 25% when the radiation damping of infinite foundation is considered. Hot interfaces and the normal cold interfaces have little influence on the dynamic response of the RCC gravity dam.However, nonlinear fracture along the cold interfaces at the dam heel will occur under the designed earthquake if the cold interfaces are combined poorly. Therefore, to avoid the fractures along the construction interfaces under the potential super earthquakes,combination quality of the RCC layers should be significantly ensured.

Intelligent compaction theory of high roller compacted concrete dam

The concept and realization process of intelligent compaction for the construction of high roller compacted concrete dam were presented, as well as the theory of monitoring and intelligent feedback control. Based on the real-time analysis of the compaction index, a multiple regression model of the dam compactness was established and a realime estimation method of compaction quality for the entire work area of roller compacted concrete dam was proposed finally. The adaptive adjustment of the roiling process parameters was achieved, with the speed, the exciting force, the roller pass and the compaction thickness meeting the standards during the whole construction process. As a result, the compaction quality and construction efficiency can be improved. The research provides a new way for the construction quality control of roller compacted concrete dam.

Seepage Mitigation in Hydropower Dams by Optimization in Roller Compacted Concrete Interlayer (Monoliths) Joint Bonding Technology

Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) has gained favorable recognition in hydropower and water resource dam construction. With optimization in construction technology and materials used for RCC Dams, cost is no longer a major disadvantage as compared to environmental impact, that is, wildlife habitat disruption. In as much as it has become optimal for investment in hydropower dam construction, the scourge for dam failure is still eminent, which is as a result of excessive seepage compromising the integrity of the mechanical properties of the dam. The aim of the paper is to highlight successful application methods in joint bonding to avoid excessive seepage and reduce the autogenous healing to a few years of operation. In view of optimization, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the influences of interlayer joints bonding quality from RCC mix performances and how it consolidates the RCC layers to withstand the shear strength along the interface, especially on the high dams. The case study is the RCC dam at the 750 MW Kafue Gorge Lower Hydropower Station. The scope of the study reviews the joint type judged by Modified Maturity Factor (MMF) with joint surface long time exposed in regions with dry and high temperature, technical measures of layer bonding quality control under condition of long time joint surface exposure, effects of joints shear strength and impermeability of the RCC layers when under the conditions of plastic and elasticity. The subtle observations made during the dam construction phases were with respect to the optimal use of materials in relation to RCC mix designs and the basis for equipment calibration for monitoring important data that can be referenced during analysis of shear forces acting on the RCC dam over time.

Seepage and stress analysis of anti-seepage structures constructed with different concrete materials in an RCC gravity dam

This study used the finite element method （FEM） to analyze the stress field and seepage field of a roller-compacted concrete （RCC） dam, with an upstream impervious layer constructed with different types of concrete materials, including three-graded RCC, two-graded RCC, conven- tional vibrated concrete （CVC）, and grout-enriched vibrated RCC （GEVR）, corresponding to the design schemes S 1 through $4. It also evaluated the anti-seepage performance of the imperious layer in the four design schemes under the normal water level and flood-check level. Stress field analysis of a retaining section and discharge section shows that the maximum tensile stress occurs near the dam heel, the maximum compressive stress occurs near the dam toe, and the stress distributions in the four schemes can satisfy the stress control criteria. Seepage field analysis shows that the uplift pressure heads in schemes S3 and S4 descend rapidly in the anti-seepage region, and that the calculated results of daily seepage flow under the steady seepage condition in these two schemes are about 30%-50% lower than those in the other two schemes, demonstrating that CVC and GEVR show better anti-seepage performance. The results provide essential parameters such as the uplift pressure head and seelga^e flow for physical model tests and anti-seepage structure selection in RCC dams.

Back analysis of mechanical parameters of roller compacted concrete dam

In view of the diversity and complexity of mechanical parameters of roller compacted concrete dam(RCCD),the uniform design method,partial least-squares regression(PLS)and least squares support vector machine(LSSVM)were applied to the back analysis of RCCD with the use of the complex nonlinear relationship between dam mechanical parameters and dam displacements.During the process of back analysis,the initial samples of parameters were designed with uniform design method.Then,a transversely isotropic model of RCCD was established by MSC.Marc software.Through this model,training samples of LSSVM model could be obtained.And then,the complex nonlinear relationship between relative values of hydraulic components of dam displacements and mechanical parameters was established.Finally,actual relative values of dam hydraulic components are isolated from the measured data of dam displacements by using PLS.By inputting the isolated relative values into LSSVM model,the back analysis values of RCCD mechanical parameters can be obtained.The example analysis showed that mechanical parameters obtained by the above-mentioned back analysis method are reasonable,and the back analysis method is feasible.

基于融合GNSS/UWB/RTS的RCC坝智能监控定位补偿方法研究

近年来,大坝压实质量的智能监控技术逐渐成为研究热点。现有的碾压混凝土(RCC)坝碾压作业过程实时监控技术依赖于全球导航卫星系统(GNSS),然而,对于建设在深窄河谷地区的RCC坝,GNSS系统易受两侧山体信号遮挡干扰。针对上述问题,本研究提出一种基于融合GNSS/UWB/RTS的RCC坝碾压施工智能定位补偿技术。首先,依据悬崖边壁、倒悬体遮挡处的环境特征建立了适用于深窄河谷地区的RCC坝碾压实时监控数学模型;其次,引入了超宽带(UWB)和机器人全站仪(RTS)定位补偿技术,采用耦合新息阈值与最小二乘的改进卡尔曼滤波算法融合GNSS/UWB/RTS的定位数据,实现了遮挡环境下卫星信号的连续稳定定位监控;最后,在西南某大型RCC坝工程中得到应用。结果表明,该方法能够实现对深窄河谷中RCC坝碾压施工的全地形、全过程实时监控,可弥补单纯依赖GNSS进行碾压过程实时监控所不足。

Study on equivalent strength for crack directors of RCC arch dam based on size effect rule

The size effect rule of roller compacted concrete (RCC) fracture toughness was reached on the analysis of fracture toughness of RCC specimens, which have been done by project team. And then the rule was applied to the calculation formula of equivalent strength of crack director in the RCC arch dam, thus a simple and useful formula was reached. The study shows that the equivalent strength of crack directors increases with the increasing intensity of concrete, but the surplus rate of strength of crack directors section decreases with the increasing intensity of concrete and the distance between centers of adjacent crack directors, and that bilateral interval crack directors are more efficient in weakening the strength of section than unidirectional interval crack directors in the case of the same distance between adjacent crack director centers. A good design for crack directors of RCC arch dam is proposed via the rule.

碾压混凝土(RCC)在不同水力梯度下渗透和溶蚀特性研究

通过试验获得了碾压混凝土在不同水力梯度下的渗透特性及溶蚀特性 ,结合孔结构测试结果 ,研究了影响碾压混凝土渗透溶蚀特性的因素 ,为解决碾压混凝土在高水力梯度下是否会造成渗透溶蚀破坏提供依据 .

严寒干旱地区RCC重力坝的保温防裂措施

针对某严寒干旱地区RCC重力坝所在地"冷、热、风、干"的气候特点,分析了温度裂缝产生的原因,并主要从加强混凝土的表面保温着手,结合工程实际,利用有限元法进行坝体表面温度和温度应力的仿真分析。研究表明:表面保温是防止混凝土产生裂缝的有效措施之一;根据现场施工条件,采取对已浇筑的坝体表面粘贴5 cm厚XPS板并回填土进行保温的综合表面保温措施。

三峡三期RCC围堰拆除爆破倾倒效果DDA模拟

三峡工程三期RCC围堰采用“以预置集中药室倾倒爆破为主、两端钻孔炸碎爆破为辅”的拆除爆破方案,其中预置集中药室的围堰爆破尤其令人关注.在围堰拆除爆破实施前,应用DDA程序对预置药室按设计顺序依次起爆后,形成围堰倾倒缺口以及围堰倾倒全过程进行了模拟.通过爆破实测振动监测资料分析,围堰倾倒的实际触地时间与模拟触地时间基本一致;通过爆破后水下地形测量,围堰倾倒的缺口形状、倾倒后的形态与模拟计算的结果也基本一致.证明运用DDA程序对三峡三期RCC围堰倾倒爆破效果的爆前预测是成功的,该方法对类似工程的爆破设计、施工和安全防护等具有积极的指导意义.

生长连接模型在RCC施工期温度场仿真分析中的应用

在碾压混凝土(RCC)结构的施工过程中,温控分析是专家学者关注的重点之一。根据RCC薄层浇筑的特点,人们采用层合单元进行网格划分,能有效减少计算模型的节点和单元数;但层合单元模拟浇筑过程需要进行网格重组,且在薄层新浇混凝土与相邻老混凝土的连接部位,层合单元无法直接应用,这些都增加了仿真分析的难度。从有限元单元技术出发,提出的生长连接模型能有效模拟RCC结构的连续浇筑过程,并避免了网格重组,同时解决了新老混凝土单元的连接问题,在保证计算精度的同时提高了计算效率。通过对典型RCC大坝工程施工期温度场的仿真分析,验证了生长连接模型的有效性、合理性。

RCC坝料改进刚度指标及压实质量综合评估研究

有效控制碾压混凝土压实质量是确保大坝安全稳定运行的前提。本文提出了考虑滞后相位角的碾压混凝土坝料改进刚度指标,并给出了滞后相位角的测定方法;结合耦合滞后相位角改进刚度指标、坝料特性参数、碾压参数和频域压实指标,提出了基于XGBoost算法的碾压混凝土压实质量综合评估方法。实例分析表明,改进刚度指标能够更好表征坝料压实质量,综合评估模型的决定系数约为0.86,表明模型精度较高,计算压实度与实测压实度的相对误差平均值为0.47%。本文方法为碾压混凝土坝施工压实质量控制提供了新的有效途径。

200m级RCC重力坝优选渗控设计方案研究

寻求合适的渗控措施以解决坝的渗流问题是高碾压混凝土坝技术发展的关键。以光照水电站200米级RCC重力坝为依托,利用节点虚流量全域迭代法和改进的排水孔模拟技术,对该坝上游面拟采用变态混凝土与二级配碾压混凝上组合防渗结构方案防渗效果进行了分析;研究了坝体可能出现的裂缝和排水孔幕的渗控作用。研究表明:该防渗型式可行,优势明显,能满足200米级RCC重力坝渗控要求,综合分析后提出了优选方案。

国产设备及仪器在60cm厚RCC碾压试验中的应用

推广碾压混凝土厚层碾压施工方法,采用国内自主研发的垂直振动碾压设备、压实度检测仪器及检测孔成孔装置,在贵州盐井水利枢纽工程进行60 cm厚RCC碾压试验。试验所得混凝土压实度及芯样抗压、抗渗、抗冻强度和压水试验成果均满足规范要求,表明国产LDV 150型双钢轮垂直振动碾碾压60 cm厚RCC的振动频率、激振力及振幅大小适宜,H型核子快速密度仪和厚层RCC压实度检测孔的成孔装置应用于检测RCC压实度方法简捷,国产设备及仪器应用于RCC厚层碾压施工技术可行。

论RCC筑坝技术中的几个关键性问题

文章通过分析论证，提出：①低、中、高胶凝材料的ＲＣＣＤ，各有其优缺点，应根据１程的具体情况采用，不宜过份强调某一种。②已建ＲＣＤ的渗漏主要是＂漏＂的问题，因而坝面防渗措施是最为有效的。在靠近坝面部位采用细骨科高胶ＲＣＣ，并对层面进行喷净浆等简易有效的处理措施，将是今后防渗措施的发展方向。③ＲＣＣＤ的层面抗剪（断）强度较低，应认真对待。文章通过综合分析，提出了不同类型ＲＣＣＤ层面抗剪断参数的数值，以及多种提高抗滑稳定的结构措施（并提出了对防渗和抗滑都有利的一种＂金包银＂或＂银包银＂坝体的新概念），说明对于高坝，乃至特高的坝，采用ＲＣＣＤ也不是不可能的。

RCC重力坝防渗体温度场的三维有限元浮动网格法仿真分析

利用三维有限元浮动网格法,对采用不同厚度的常态混凝土、二级配碾压混凝土、变态混凝土防渗结构的碾压混凝土坝温度场进行了仿真计算。结果表明,不同形态的混凝土防渗结构对碾压混凝土坝体温度场的影响不大;而防渗体厚度对其自身温度的影响较大,防渗体厚度过大或过小,都对其温控不利;对三级配碾压混凝土坝采用二级配碾压混凝土中等厚度(D=3m)的防渗体已能满足温控要求。

基于Delphi的RCC大坝施工过程仿真

计算机仿真技术为水利水电施工过程的研究开创了新的方法。与现代化的计算手段相结合,使水电工程施工方案的选择从凭经验和类比的方法进入到更为科学的方法。本文以Delphi为系统仿真开发工具,对碾压混凝土坝施工过程进行仿真,实现了以缆机为浇筑机械的施工方案比选。

RCC坝仓面碾压质量与进度的增强现实反馈方法

碾压混凝土(RCC)坝仓面碾压质量与进度等施工信息大多以报表和图片等传统方式反馈传递,不利于施工质量缺陷的及时发现和施工进度的总体把握。针对上述问题,本文基于Tsai两步标定法,提出了一种固定相机三维注册求解方法,实现了施工质量固定型增强现实反馈;结合混合注册,提出了仓面施工进度信息的移动型增强现实反馈表达方法。同时,施工质量信息与施工进度信息基于关系型数据库和建筑信息模型(BIM)进行相互关联,实现了施工信息互补增值。通过系统研发和工程应用检验,本文提出的坐标映射方法在施工区域实际配准最大偏差不超过0.5m,同时该模块响应平均时间为5.06s,满足现场使用精度和时效要求;基于移动增强现实的施工进度反馈模块,手机使用时平均帧率达29.55,帧率大于27时间占比96.17%,满足现场使用流畅度要求。本文基于增强现实(AR)所提出的方法为现场管理人员提供了多视角施工信息表达和反馈渠道。

科技攻关是建设世界上最高的龙滩RCC重力坝的有力保证

拟建的龙滩水电站拦河坝是在我国南方高气温地区建造的世界上最高的碾压混凝土（ＲＣＣ）重力坝（坝高２１６５ｍ），需解决许多科技难题。“八五”、“九五”期间主要针对在高气温环境中建造高碾压混凝土重力坝的关键技术问题进行了研究，已取得了一批切实可用的科研成果，这些成果是建设该高ＲＣＣ重力坝的有力保证。本文要点地介绍了这些科研成果。