In this paper,we present an alternative technique for detecting changes in the operating conditions of rolling element bearings(REBs)that can lead to premature failure.The developed technique is based on measuring the...In this paper,we present an alternative technique for detecting changes in the operating conditions of rolling element bearings(REBs)that can lead to premature failure.The developed technique is based on measuring the kinematics of the bearing cage.The rotational motion of the cage is driven by traction forces generated in the contacts of the rolling elements with the races.It is known that the cage angular frequency relative to shaft angular frequency depends on the bearing load,the bearing speed,and the lubrication condition since these factors determine the lubricant film thickness and the associated traction forces.Since a large percentage of REB failures are due to misalignment or lubrication problems,any evidence of these conditions should be interpreted as an incipient fault.In this paper,a novel method for the measurement of the instantaneous angular speed(IAS)of the cage is developed.The method is evaluated in a deep groove ball bearing test rig equipped with a cage IAS sensor,as well as a custom acoustic emission(AE)transducer and a piezoelectric accelerometer.The IAS of the cage is analyzed under different bearing loads and shaft speeds,showing the dependence of the cage angular speed with the calculated lubricant film thickness.Typical bearing faulty operating conditions(mixed lubrication regime,lubricant depletion,and misalignment)are recreated.It is shown that the cage IAS is dependent on the lubrication regime and is sensitive to misalignment.The AE signal is also used to evaluate the lubrication regime.Experimental results suggest that the proposed technique can be used as a condition monitoring tool in industrial environments to detect abnormal REB conditions that may lead to premature failure.展开更多
Currently,there are two types of defect detection systems used to monitor the health of freight railcar bearings in service:wayside hot-box detection systems and trackside acoustic detection systems.These systems have...Currently,there are two types of defect detection systems used to monitor the health of freight railcar bearings in service:wayside hot-box detection systems and trackside acoustic detection systems.These systems have proven to be inefficient in accurately determining bearing health,especially in the early stages of defect development.To that end,a prototype onboard bearing condition monitoring system has been developed and validated through extensive laboratory testing and a designated field test in 2015 at the Transportation Technology Center,Inc.in Pueblo,CO.The devised system can accurately and reliably characterize the health of bearings based on developed vibration thresholds and can identify defective taperedroller bearing components with defect areas smaller than 12.9 cm2 while in service.展开更多
This article presents methodologies for improving wind turbine condition monitoring using physics-based data analysis techniques.The unique operating conditions of the wind turbine drivetrain are described,and the com...This article presents methodologies for improving wind turbine condition monitoring using physics-based data analysis techniques.The unique operating conditions of the wind turbine drivetrain are described,and the complex kinematics of the gearbox is analyzed in detail.The pros and cons of the current wind turbine condition monitoring system(CMS)are evaluated.To improve the wind turbine CMS capability,it is suggested to use linear models with unsteady excitations,instead of using nonlinear and nonstationary process models,when dealing the wind turbine dynamics response model.An analysis is undertaken of the damage excitation mechanisms cause for various components in a gearbox,especially for those associated with lower-speed shafts.Physics(mechanics)-based data analysis methods are presented for different component damage excitation mechanisms.Validation results,using the wind farm and manufacturing floor data,are reported.展开更多
针对风电机组滚动轴承工作环境恶劣、工况多变且振动信号成分复杂等特点,将33项时域和频域特征参数及其特性应用于风电机组滚动轴承状态监测和故障诊断中,利用奇异值分解重构法(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)将滚动轴承振动故障信...针对风电机组滚动轴承工作环境恶劣、工况多变且振动信号成分复杂等特点,将33项时域和频域特征参数及其特性应用于风电机组滚动轴承状态监测和故障诊断中,利用奇异值分解重构法(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)将滚动轴承振动故障信号中的噪声等干扰成分去除,降噪重构后的信号经过基于经验模式分解法(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)的希尔伯特-黄变换,实现故障冲击信号的共振解调处理,将低频周期故障调制信号筛选出来,最终结合滚动轴承各部件故障特征频率、振动信号时频分析结果和时频特征参数诊断结果实现滚动轴承的状态监测和故障识别。并通过振动测试信号分析,验证了该方法对提取风电机组滚动轴承故障特征的有效性。展开更多
文摘In this paper,we present an alternative technique for detecting changes in the operating conditions of rolling element bearings(REBs)that can lead to premature failure.The developed technique is based on measuring the kinematics of the bearing cage.The rotational motion of the cage is driven by traction forces generated in the contacts of the rolling elements with the races.It is known that the cage angular frequency relative to shaft angular frequency depends on the bearing load,the bearing speed,and the lubrication condition since these factors determine the lubricant film thickness and the associated traction forces.Since a large percentage of REB failures are due to misalignment or lubrication problems,any evidence of these conditions should be interpreted as an incipient fault.In this paper,a novel method for the measurement of the instantaneous angular speed(IAS)of the cage is developed.The method is evaluated in a deep groove ball bearing test rig equipped with a cage IAS sensor,as well as a custom acoustic emission(AE)transducer and a piezoelectric accelerometer.The IAS of the cage is analyzed under different bearing loads and shaft speeds,showing the dependence of the cage angular speed with the calculated lubricant film thickness.Typical bearing faulty operating conditions(mixed lubrication regime,lubricant depletion,and misalignment)are recreated.It is shown that the cage IAS is dependent on the lubrication regime and is sensitive to misalignment.The AE signal is also used to evaluate the lubrication regime.Experimental results suggest that the proposed technique can be used as a condition monitoring tool in industrial environments to detect abnormal REB conditions that may lead to premature failure.
基金This study was made possible by funding provided by The University Transportation Center for Railway Safety(UTCRS),through a USDOT Grant No.DTRT 13-G-UTC59.
文摘Currently,there are two types of defect detection systems used to monitor the health of freight railcar bearings in service:wayside hot-box detection systems and trackside acoustic detection systems.These systems have proven to be inefficient in accurately determining bearing health,especially in the early stages of defect development.To that end,a prototype onboard bearing condition monitoring system has been developed and validated through extensive laboratory testing and a designated field test in 2015 at the Transportation Technology Center,Inc.in Pueblo,CO.The devised system can accurately and reliably characterize the health of bearings based on developed vibration thresholds and can identify defective taperedroller bearing components with defect areas smaller than 12.9 cm2 while in service.
文摘This article presents methodologies for improving wind turbine condition monitoring using physics-based data analysis techniques.The unique operating conditions of the wind turbine drivetrain are described,and the complex kinematics of the gearbox is analyzed in detail.The pros and cons of the current wind turbine condition monitoring system(CMS)are evaluated.To improve the wind turbine CMS capability,it is suggested to use linear models with unsteady excitations,instead of using nonlinear and nonstationary process models,when dealing the wind turbine dynamics response model.An analysis is undertaken of the damage excitation mechanisms cause for various components in a gearbox,especially for those associated with lower-speed shafts.Physics(mechanics)-based data analysis methods are presented for different component damage excitation mechanisms.Validation results,using the wind farm and manufacturing floor data,are reported.
文摘针对风电机组滚动轴承工作环境恶劣、工况多变且振动信号成分复杂等特点,将33项时域和频域特征参数及其特性应用于风电机组滚动轴承状态监测和故障诊断中,利用奇异值分解重构法(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)将滚动轴承振动故障信号中的噪声等干扰成分去除,降噪重构后的信号经过基于经验模式分解法(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)的希尔伯特-黄变换,实现故障冲击信号的共振解调处理,将低频周期故障调制信号筛选出来,最终结合滚动轴承各部件故障特征频率、振动信号时频分析结果和时频特征参数诊断结果实现滚动轴承的状态监测和故障识别。并通过振动测试信号分析,验证了该方法对提取风电机组滚动轴承故障特征的有效性。
