Prospective study of hepatitis B and D epidemiology and risk factors in Romania:A 10-year update

BACKGROUND The global burden of hepatitis D virus(HDV)infection represents a major medical challenge and a public health crisis worldwide.However,there is a lack of accurate data on the epidemiology and risk factors for HDV.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and HDV coinfection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis,leading to a higher cumulative incidence of liver-related events compared with HBV monoinfection,including the need for liver transplantation and death.AIM To investigate the epidemiology,natural history,risk factors and clinical management of HBV and HDV coinfection in Romanian patients.METHODS This prospective study was conducted between January and July 2022 in six tertiary gastroenterology and hepatology referral centres in Romania.All consecutive adults admitted for any gastroenterology diagnosis who were HBV-positive were enrolled.Patients with acute hepatitis or incomplete data were excluded.Of the 25390 individuals who presented with any type of gastroenterology diagnosis during the study period,963 met the inclusion criteria.Testing for anti-HDV antibodies and HDV RNA was performed for all participants.Demographic and risk factor data were collected by investigators using medical charts and patient questionnaires.All data were stored in an anonymized online database during the study.RESULTS The prevalence of HBV was 3.8%;among these patients,the prevalence of HBV/HDV coinfection was 33.1%.The median age of the study population was 54.0 years,and it consisted of 55.1%men.A higher prevalence of HBV/HDV coinfection was observed in patients 50–69 years old.Patients with HBV/HDV coinfection were significantly older than those with HBV monoinfection(P=0.03).Multivariate multiple regression analysis identified female gender(P=0.0006),imprisonment(P<0.0001),older age at diagnosis(P=0.01)and sexual contact with persons with known viral hepatitis(P=0.0003)as significant risk factors for HDV.CONCLUSION This study shows that HDV infection among those with HBV remains endemic in Romania and updates our understanding of HDV epidemiology and associated risk factors.It emphasizes the need for systematic screening for HDV infection and collaborative initiatives for controlling and preventing HBV and HDV infection.

A Study of Eastern Europe’s Innovation Revolution: Spotlight on Romania and UiPath’s Unicorn Journey

Romania’s innovation revolution has led to a thriving startup ecosystem, with UiPath’s unicorn journey as a standout success. The country’s focus on software development has positioned it as a leading destination for outsourcing, driving economic growth, and creating job opportunities. Accelerator programs and funding initiatives have further fueled the startup ecosystem’s growth, providing support and resources for aspiring entrepreneurs. With a skilled workforce, favorable cost-to-quality ratio, and geographic advantages, Romania has become a hub for innovation and technology. The software development sector’s impact on the national economy is evident, contributing to GDP growth, export revenues, and attracting foreign direct investment.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and inflammatory bowel disease characteristics in Romania

AIM:To describe the relationship between vitamin D levels and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)characteristics in northeastern Romanian patients.METHODS:This was a prospective study of 47 consecutive IBD patients admitted to The Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Iasi,Romania between March 2011 and June 2012.The diagnosis of IBD was established based on endoscopic,histologic and radiologic findings.Demographic data,disease characteristics,ongoing treatments and biological parameters of patients(including markers of inflammation:C-reactive protein level,fibrinogen level,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate)were recorded.Serum vitamin D levels were measured and compared with age-and sexmatched healthy volunteers from the same geographic area.Vitamin D levels were defined as sufficient(>30ng/mL),insufficient(20-30 ng/mL),or severely defi-cient(<20 ng/mL).RESULTS:Thirty-three of the IBD patients included in this study had ulcerative colitis(UC)and 14 had Crohn’s disease(CD).Only 24%of the UC patients and 21%of the CD patients had sufficient vitamin D levels.The vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the CD patients with moderate to severe disease activity compared to the CD patients in remission or with mild disease activity(16±6 ng/mL vs 26±7 ng/mL;16±6 ng/mL vs 31±9 ng/mL,respectively,P<0.05).Vitamin D levels in the UC patients were not influenced by disease activity and no correlation was observed with the inflammation markers tested(C-reactive protein,fibrinogen,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate).No association was observed between vitamin D levels and smoking status or ongoing medication(5ASA,steroids,and anti-TNFα).Newly diagnosed IBD patients had lower vitamin D levels than patients with established cases,though these differences were not significant(UC:22±9 ng/mL vs 26±12 ng/mL;CD:18±6 ng/mL vs 27±11 ng/mL,respectively).Although no association was found between the season during which the visit was scheduled and vitamin D levels,the UC patients assessed during the winter tended to have lower levels than those assessed during the summer(22±9 ng/mL vs 28±13 ng/mL,respectively).CONCLUSION:Vitamin D levels are significantly reduced in IBD patients in northeastern Romania,with the lowest levels occurring in CD patients with moderate to severe disease activity.

Two cases of imported malaria in Western Romania,2010-2011

Malaria is a major problem for European travelers to endemic regions.In Romania during 1980-2007 approximately 20 imported cases were detected annually.The aim of our short communication is to present 2 interesting cases of imported malaria detected in Western Romania.The first patienl was a 20-year female who traveled to India and acquired an infection with Plasmodium vivax(P.vivax).The second patient,a 60-year female,contracted an infection with Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum) during a trip to Ghana:the evolution of the disease was severe with many complications and the patient finally died.The cases presented revealed the difficulties in establishing a correct diagnosis of malaria in a non-endemic country, consequences of an incomplete taken anamnesis.Travel history should always represent a mandatory part of a well conducted investigation.At the same time,we must underline the importance of a correct and complete prophylaxis prior to every departure to tropical countries.

Natural hazards in Romania induced by heavy rainfalls in 1996-1997

Romania is one of the European countries most frequently affected by natural hazards due to its position within the alpine orogenic system and against the main atmospheric pressure centres.Hence the impact of exogenous factors that trigger strong earthquakes with several epicentres, and of exogenous or climate-driven factors with extreme climatic phenomena causing frequent floods, mass movements, soil erosion, droughts, hailstorms and strong winds. This paper deals mainly with natural disasters cased by the variability of climatic conditions (mostly by precipitations) in the years 1996 and 1997, their temporal and spatial distributions and the way they affected human life. In point of rainfall distribution and the ensuing natural hazards, the mentioned period shows two distinct intervals: December, 1996-March 1997 (mass movements) and June-August, 1997 (floods, hailstorm,Strong wind,landslides, soil erosion).

Zapp Selects ZTE to Build 3G Network in Romania

ZTE, a leading global provide of telecommunications equipment and network sulutions, announced on May 29, 2008 that it has been selected by Zapp, Romania’s fourth largest mobile operator, to roll-out a WCDMA/HSDPA commercial network. This deal reinforces ZTE position in Europe. Zapp plans on launching its 3G commercial services in early autumn 2008 and the network should be completed by 2011.

Build the Bridge of People-to-People Exchanges and Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries:Sidelights on Visit of the Delegation of China NGO Network for International Exchanges to the Czech Republic,Hungary and Romania

September in golden autumn symbolizes harvest and hope.At the invitation of the New Silk Road Institute,Prague of the Czech Republic,Institute for Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary and Romania China Chamber of Commerce and Industry,Mme.

Launch of the Silk Road Community Building Initiative in Romania

On September 23,2019,the Silk Road Community Building Initiative was launched as part of the joint efforts by China and Romania to build the Belt and Road."The Belt and Road is an ambitious initiative that will bring prosperity to the world and a new economic impetus in Romania,"said Minister of Economy Nicolae Badalau at the launching ceremony held in the historical Ghica Palace in downtown Bucharest.He also voiced support for the ensuing cooperation at the local level.

Address at the Launching Ceremony of the Silk Road Community Building Initiative in Romania by Mme.Xu Lyuping,Vice-President of China NGO Network for International Exchanges

Distinguished former Prime Minister Mr.Peter Roman,Distinguished Minister Mr.Niculae Badalau,Distinguished Mr.&Mrs.Bartha,Ladies and gentlemen,dear friends,It’s my great delight to attend the launching ceremony of the Silk Road Community Building Initiative in Romania,which is a major event to enhance the mutual understanding and trust,promote people-to-people connectivity as well as consolidate the foundation of the Belt and Road cooperation between China and Romania.

A Citespace Analysis of International Studies on Romanian Foreign Language Education Reform in Universities

Given the institutional similarities between Romania and China in history,its experience in the field of foreign language education reform in colleges and universities can be used for reference in the reform of foreign language teaching of higher education in China.With the help of Citespace,this paper presents a visual statistical analysis of 47 SSCI international journal articles on foreign language reform in Romanian universities and gives some suggestions on foreign language education reform in Chinese universities from four aspects:teaching environment,content,technology and cooperation.

利益相关者视角下罗马尼亚劳动关系发展研究

罗马尼亚是国际利益相关者对劳动者权利产生负面影响的典型例子。体制转型后的罗马尼亚劳动关系的发展可大致分为三个阶段:第一阶段是20世纪90年代至2003年,在此阶段工会拥有较强的战斗力,且由于政府与国际组织之间不稳定的关系使得工会影响力相对较大;第二阶段是2003年至金融危机初期(2009年),2003年通过的《劳动法》(2003年)遭到国际组织和雇主协会的强烈反对,2005年政府与国际组织试图对《劳动法》(2003年)进行修订,工会却成功阻止改革;第三阶段是金融危机期间及之后(2009年之后),工会力量大大削减,特别是《劳动法》(2011年)和《社会对话法》(2011年)出台之后,工会和工人遭受了前所未有的损失。

罗马尼亚国家安全战略的特点(1990-2022)

自1989年东欧剧变以来,国际安全环境一直在发生变化。相对于大国而言,小国对于国际环境的变化感知更为敏感,国家安全战略和外交政策也会相应发生改变。本文通过梳理罗马尼亚1989年之后出台的国家安全/防务战略文件,总结了罗马尼亚安全战略的三个特点:第一,密切关注地区局势变化;第二,对联盟高度依赖;第三,具有利益导向的主观能动性。罗马尼亚国家安全/防务战略始终与国家利益相关,是对周边和国际安全环境变化的回应,并非简单地“追随”大国,理解其背后的特点与逻辑,重视其主观能动性,才有利于制定适合的相关政策。

罗马尼亚中文教育发展的国别特色及推进方略

通过对罗马尼亚中文教育发展现状、国别特色的梳理,可以发现,从宏观层面讲,罗马尼亚高等中文教育人才培养体系完整,发展基本完善;基础中文教育尚处于纳入国民教育体系的“半标准化”发展阶段;中文外语教育与华文教育相对独立发展。从微观层面讲,课程设置方面学分选修课、必修课相辅相成,学分课很少、兴趣课是强有力的补充;教学对象多元化,学习需求多样化。为保障罗马尼亚中文教育的可持续发展,建议成立罗马尼亚孔子学院联盟,加强各高校间的合作交流;设立罗马尼亚中文教师学术共同体,助推中文教育本土化建设;更新课程设置,协调中文教育多元化发展。

山区可持续发展立法与罗马尼亚山区法考察

目前,国际山区法和国外山区法获得了长足发展,山区可持续发展立法已经成为一个新的世界性趋势。采用文献分析方法和比较分析法,首先探讨了山区和山区法的基本内涵,然后考察罗马尼亚山区法的立法宗旨和目的,基本原则,山区的法律定义,山区管理及其机构设置,山区社会和经济的发展以及山区环境保护等内容;最后在对《罗马尼亚山区法》评价基础上,建议我国宜出台一部综合性法律《山区可持续发展促进法》,以使山区政策和法律良性互动发展,确保我国山区可持续发展。

海外中国劳工群体利益表达的困境、冲突与解决——以罗马尼亚中国工人劳务纠纷为例

随着国际劳务输出的不断增多,各种劳务纠纷不断涌现,海外中国劳工群体的利益表达与保障成为一个难题。本文以罗马尼亚的中国工人群体为代表,探讨其所处的困境及导致困境的主客观原因,揭示其利益表达中存在的问题,并进一步深入分析罗马尼亚中国工人劳务纠纷中各方的利益冲突,在此基础上尝试提出一些具体化、可操作的对策措施。

罗马尼亚林业发展及对我国林业建设的启示

罗马尼亚是一个由计划经济向市场经济过渡的转轨国家,是欧洲森林资源较丰富的国家之一。在森林资源的经营、管理及保护等方面建立了一整套完整、科学并符合林业发展规律的法律、法规、规章及相关工作规定。合理的林业管理体制机制,促进了罗马尼亚的林区经济社会发展和森林资源的保护与合理利用。罗马尼亚在发展林业生产及森林资源的经营和管理等方面的经验值得学习和借鉴。

第33届世界体操锦标赛中国女子体操的优势和差距

通过对第33 届世界体操锦标赛俄罗斯、罗马尼亚两支强队及其优秀选手与中国女队各项比赛成绩、个人全能各项比赛成绩、各项动作难度及完成情况的统计、对比与研究,系统分析了中国女子竞技体操的优势和差距。中国女队总体技术实力与俄、罗两队相当,个别项目编排有欠缺,完成动作的稳定性及比赛表现能力等方面存在一定差距。