Monitor and Acceptance among Couples in Romantic Relationships:Actor-Partner Interdependence Models Based on the Monitor and Acceptance Theory

Communication could be an essential part of couples in their daily life.Based on Monitor and Acceptance Theory(MAT),the present study explored the mediating role of communication in the relationship between mindfulness and relationship quality among college-student couples.The research examined the dynamic relationship of monitoring and acceptance to relationship satisfaction in the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model(APIM),and the mediating effect of positive or negative communications in these relationships.A total of 96 pairs of couples in the universities in Nanjing,China participated in the research.Momentary measurements were used to measure the momentary levels of their monitor,acceptance,positive/negative communication,and relationship satisfaction.A Hierarchical Linear Model(HLM)was used to deal with the APIM.Results showed that the women’s monitor facet of state mindfulness negatively predicted men’s relationship satisfaction through women’s negative communication,and the women’s acceptance facet of state mindfulness positively predicted women’s relationship satisfaction through women’s positive and negative communication at the within-person level.The study highlights the importance of cooperation in monitoring and acceptance for couples to own and hold high levels of relationship satisfaction.

A Brief Study of Wordsworth's Romantic Poetry in Light of Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism is a new-born literary criticism that delves into the exposition of the relationship between human beings and other specimen in nature from the literary angle as well as observes and discloses in detail and with sincerity the effect of literature in the human activities and natural environment. The thesis combines the theory of ecocriticism with romanticism to study Wordsworth's romantic poetry from an ecological perspective as Wordsworth,the great"worshipper of nature"can also be called an ecological critic since many of his poems are focused on ecological themes and he expresses his passion on an ecological basis. Going through the thesis is the most fundamental concept of ecocriticism: ecological holism. Supporting this backbone is analyzes of selected paradigmatic romantic poems by Wordsworth.

A Study of Romantic Tendency in Jane Austen's works——A Comparison between Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion

Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion is Jane Austen's first and last published works respectively, which are read widely all over the world. Austen proclaims that feeling should be governed by reason in Sense and Sensibility and that reason should be compatible with feeling in Persuasion. This paper attempts to explore romantic tendency in Austen's works according to the comparison and contrast between her two novels. Through comparison and contrast, we can see the transformation of Marianne from a lady of sensibility to a sensible lady and the growth of Anne into a lady with romance.

Comparison and Contrast of Major English Romantic Poets——On Wordsworth,Byron,Shelley and Keats

华兹华斯、拜伦、雪莱和济慈是杰出的英国浪漫主义诗人。作为同一个文学流派的诗人,他们都崇尚自然,强调个性解放,并且具有丰富的想象力与非凡的创造力。然而,除了这些公认的共同点之外,更重要的是,他们的诗作在主题、题材、艺术手法等方面体现出诸多不同之处。正是这些反映他们个性特点的不同之处使得他们在英国及世界文学史上更加卓而不群。

Exploring the Association between Adult Attachment Styles in Romantic Relationships, Perceptions of Parents from Childhood and Relationship Satisfaction

Little research has examined how attachment styles in childhood are related to current romantic relationship experiences. The aim of this study was to explore the association between perceptions of childhood experiences with parents, attachment styles in romantic relationships, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of young adults. The sample consisted of 227 participants, 153 of which were university students and the remaining 69 were members of the general population. Of these, 177 (78%) were female and 50 (22%) were male, with an age range of 18 - 39. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures assessing their attachment style in romantic relationships, satisfaction in their current romantic relationship, and an adjective checklist describing their parents and their parent’s relationship with each other. The majority of males had an avoidant-fearful style, while females tended to have an avoidant-fearful or secure style. Findings were that participants’ descriptions of their mother, father, and parental relationship were associated with their attachment style. In terms of a current romantic relationship, those with a secure attachment style were much more likely to be in a relationship whereas those with an avoidant-fearful style were not. Secure participants were more satisfied in their relationships than the insecure styles of attachment. Finally, chi-square tests revealed that there was no association between gender and attachment style. Results were discussed in terms of methodological limitations such as the use of self-report measures;theoretical weaknesses for example the variability in the approaches used in attachment research;and future research, which included the use of longitudinal studies which may offer insight into how early parenting behaviours act as predictors of later relationship functioning.

European Romantic Literature

Literature took the full force of Romanticism. It brought forth a full flowering ofliterary and it gave impetus to the national liberation movement in 19th-century Europe.

马克思主义的浪漫主义色彩——评弗朗西斯·兰德尔教授的《Marx the Romantic》

兰德尔教授从浪漫主义出发来解读马克思和马克思主义以及对《共产党宣言》,尽管在某些方面他是正确的,但是他却没有认识到尽管马克思和马克思主义以及《共产党宣言》诞生于浪漫主义欧洲,却从未局限于那个时代,而是不断的与时俱进。马克思的治学态度是严谨而且严肃的,马克思主义是科学的哲学、经济学和社会主义,尽管它带有一定的浪漫主义色彩,但不局限于浪漫主义时代之中。

Current Evidence of the Monoaminergic Regulation of Romantic Love and Relationship

Introduction: Sexual response cycle is modulated by a variety of biological factors, especially antidepressants and antipsychotics. Although the circuit of romantic love has recently been delineated, the biological impact on romantic love is barely mentioned in human, however. Methods: In thus study, a comprehensive literature review was completed to elucidate the role of central monoamines, including dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, melatonin and histamine, for the romantic love and relationship in human. Results: The central circuit of romantic love includes the mesolimbic and mesocortical tract and their extensions widely distributed in cortical, subcortical and brainstem structures. The activation of brain foci progressively decreases along with the romantic relationship in many areas, including the bilateral caudate and ventral tegmentum area without change of passionate love. Hyperactivity of dopamine and serotonin is suggested at the synaptic level for romantic love in lovers, probably through an inhibition of transporters or increase of terminal release. Romantic love can be modulated by antidepressants or recreational drugs. Polymorphism of dopamine and serotonin receptor relates to the romantic relationship. The effect of other monoamines is barely mentioned. Conclusions: Romantic love is vulnerable for secondary effect, such as drugs which modulate the dopamine and serotonin, in human. Romantic relationship is also impacted by the polymorphism of monoamine receptors. Therefore, the biological effect is not limited to sexual response cycle but also the romantic love and relationship. Further investigation is warranted for understanding the secondary effect in romantic love for romantic dissolution or divorce.

Endorphins, oxytocin, sexuality and romantic relationships: An understudied area

Endorphins are the body's natural opioids that are created and released by the central nervous system, hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Endorphins have a reputation for pain reduction, enhancing excitement or satisfaction, boosting confidence, enabling control of emotions and generating feelings of euphoria, and are involved in the natural reward cycle. There is also evidence in the literature suggesting the role of endorphins in sexuality(including sexual function and sexual behaviours), as they may regulate the release of sex hormones, prolactin and growth hormone, which are involved in sexual function and love. Endogenous oxytocin is another intrinsic hormone whose role in inducing labour contractions, the delivery of the baby and stimulating lactation has been well studied. However, the potential impact of endorphins and oxytocin on sexuality and romantic relationships is not well understood. This article reviews the research on endorphins and endogenous oxytocin and how they relate to human sexuality and romantic relationships. Some animal studies report the effect of endorphin and oxytocin on sex hormones and mating behaviours, but these findings have not been supported by research into human behaviour, indicating many gaps in knowledge relating to the association between these hormones and human sexuality.

Motives for romantic relationships and the risk of heavy alcohol use, regular smoking and cannabis use during adolescence and early adulthood: A longitudinal study

Background: Engaging in sexual activities at a younger age is associated with higher risk of substance misuse among adolescents. It could be hypothesized that substance misuse and certain romantic relationship related behaviors may be influenced by similar hormone and other inner physiological factors that are affected by related motives. This study investigated the association between motives for romantic relationships and the risk of heavy alcohol use, regular smoking and cannabis use from adolescence through to early adulthood. Method: A population-based longitudinal study using data collected from Wave I and Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Characteristics of romantic relationship ideals (as the proxy of motives) measured in Wave I (mean age: 16 yrs) were applied to predict substance use indicated at Wave III (mean age: 22 yrs) using multivariate analyses. Results: Adolescents who included sexual activities as part of their romantic relationship ideals were at significantly higher risk of cannabis use among males and heavy alcohol use among females. Romantic ideals that included, gift giving (female) or receiving (male), declaration of love (male), marriage (male) and becoming pregnant (female) were associated with reduced risk of one or more types of substance use. Conclusion: In adolescence, sexual motives for romantic relationships were associated with higher risk of substance use and misuse, while motives related to intimacy and commitment in romantic relationships were associated with lower risk.

The Appreciation of Marvell′s Romantic Feelings in his To His Coy Mistress

A good appreciation and explanation are given about a classical poem of love:The moving honey phrases and images are used sophisticate dly and the unexpected imaginations add the colourful touches of presentation.

From the Romantic Sea to the Sea as the Global Commons＂ Portrayals of the Waterbody in Longfellow, Melville, and Ian Wedde

This article discusses the representation of the sea in selected works of W. H. Longfellow, Herman Melville, and lan Wedde, tracing its transformation from a romantic icon to a global commons. Despite differences in their portrayals, all three artists find stagnation alongside vitality in the ebb and flow or the rolling of the sea. Similar to Longfellow, Melville romanticizes the sea in Moby-Dick as an ultimate sanctuary, the domain of reveries. At the same time, Melville also portrays the sea as a global commons where U.S. capitalism dominates the global order and exploits the resources. In addressing the environmental issues such as the possibility of whales＇ extinction, Melville echoes ＂the tragedy of the commons＂ lamented by Garrett Hardin. Queequeg, the ＂primitive＂ man who saves Ishmael from the wolfish industrial capitalism is thought to be modeled after a MAori from New Zealand. Today, the M^ori＇s ancestral sea-based culture is threatened by economic globalization. Wedde, a New Zealand poet, confronted the plans to construct an aluminum smelter in his country. His poem juxtaposes themes of precariousness and desolation with resilience and defiant survival, a motif mirrored in Longfellow＇s and Melville＇s portrayals of the sea.

On Signs of Romantic Literature Modernity

From the romantic literary theory,this paper studies the romantic literature modernity signs linking with the problem of romanticism and modernity originated in postmodern culture research upsurge.With the gradual deepening of postmodern discussion,we suddenly found that the romantic quietly rose in the postmodern aesthetic purport.In all kinds of modernism,it is easy to find a lot of elements of romanticism involved in the trace of style.The root of similar between them is that the modernity still causes wide attention among academics.According to the article,the romantic literatures focus on typical character and expression which contains the ideas of some emotional tendencies.Especially the introduction of the aesthetics of modernity makes us reexamine the romantic and also expands a new field of vision.From the other hand the romanticism to study the signs of modernity opens up a new path.

The Pursuit of the Source of Romantic Modernity and New Modern Romanticism

Based on the romantic literary theory,this paper studies the signs of the modern romantic literature. Scholars have tried to connect the issues of romanticism with those of modernity since the climax of the post - modernist cultural studies. With the increasingly deep discussion of post - modernism,people happen to find that romanticism revived quietly in the so - called post - modernist aesthetic purpose and interest. It is not difficult to find in all sorts of discussions of post - modernism the trace of many problems and the thinking styles where romanticism has been involved. The seemingly same source lies in the problems of modernity, which has aroused widespread concerns from the academia. In this paper,the author believes that romantic literature focuses on portraying typical characters to express their emotional tendency. Modernity,especially aesthetic modernity,expands a new vision for us to re - examine romanticism. In other words,to study the signs of modernity from romanticism can blaze a new path for the study of modernity.

A Study of Presupposition Triggers in Chinese Romantic Conversations

Presupposition means an implied fact or information which is accepted by both speaker and hearer in a conversation,or at least the information that can always be inferred from the context after hearing the discourse.In the analysis of how speaker's assumptions are typically expressed,presupposition has been associated with the use of a large number of words,phrases,and structures,known as presupposition-triggers.There are many studies on trigger language at home and abroad,but there are relatively few studies on analyzing presupposition triggers from the perspective of romantic conversations.In this paper,by analyzing what presupposition triggers are used in the conversations and what functions the triggers perform,also the various ways of communication in which a boyfriend annoys his girlfiriend,we can solve the doubts of many male friends,so that people can have a deeper understanding of presupposition triggers and the application of it in romantic conversations,which may help us a lot in our daily interpersonal communication life.

Coleridge and Romantic Poetry

As one of the founders of Romantic Movement in England, Coleridge play an important in English literature, mainly in poetry, his unique and advanced theory as a critic is necessary for English literature learner to study and explore. The concept of poetry, the functions of poetry, the resource and origin of a poem, what is the talent of a poet are presented in his"Biographia Literia". His theory about imagination is so helpful for every poem reader to understand poetry more thoroughly. In this paper,some introductions about the Romantic poetry is necessary for us to made further study about Coleridge's own theory. In the first part can give us a summary of poetry in English Romanticism, the main figures, the themes and features of poetry. Then as Coleridge concerned, there are two parts. One is referring to his description of poetry and the other is the imagination in poetry.In the last part, my own comments and understanding are expressed though they are so limited and superficial.

An Analysis of Writing Techniques in Romantic Poetry Based on Ode to a Nightingale and Mount Skyland Ascende in a Dream-A Song of Farewell

Based on similarity between the two poems,the study focuses on comparison of writing techniques chosen to convey theme and express romantic style,and draws a conclusion on reflected cultural and linguistic differences in Chinese and British romantic poetry.

When Mulan meets Romeo： Cultural impact upon the dating scripts, perceptions and behaviors of college students from the United States and Taiwan in their cross-cultural romantic relationships

This study examines the cultural impact upon the dating scripts, perceptions, and behaviors of college students from the United States and Taiwan in their cross-cultural romantic relationships. Ten same-culture and ten cross-culture couples participated in the retrospective account interviews. Reconfirming the prevalent quantitative research findings that the American participants tend to begin dating at a younger age and change dating partners more frequently, this qualitative study finds that most of the American and Taiwan Residents participants perceived their dating and cross-cultural romantic relationships seriously by demonstrating a strong sense of responsibility and consistent support in the face of language difficulties, cultural confusions, and social obstacles.

How the Ideology of ＂Romantic Love＂ Affects Chinese Women＇s Understanding of Intimacy

This paper uses ＂life course＂ perspective to compare three kinds of Chinese women： 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s. The 1950s have experienced several major historical events, such as： Cultural Revolution, the movement of educated youth to go and work in the countryside or mountain areas, the resumption of the entrance examination system for higher education, and one-child policy. These life events not only affected 1950s＇ understanding of sex and intimacy, hut also affected their children＇s attitudes towards intimacy. The 1970s have experienced the Reform and Opening event, they began to read the Qiong Yao romance novel and foreign romance. The 1990s have experienced the impact of Chinese market economy, and they had their attitudes about love. During their different but related life course, this paper want to depict how the ideology of ＂romantic love＂ has been constructed by politics, and how this ideology affects women in different age understanding of intimacy.