Fifty years after the conclusion of Vatican II, debate still continues regarding the Council, its legacy and interpretation. The now-canonised Pope John XXIII surprised many by his sudden decision to summon Vatican II...Fifty years after the conclusion of Vatican II, debate still continues regarding the Council, its legacy and interpretation. The now-canonised Pope John XXIII surprised many by his sudden decision to summon Vatican II in 1959 soon after his election; it was not anticipated that a ＂transitional＂ pope would haake such an audacious and daring decision that would have such major historical implications for the Catholic Church. However, John XXIII＇s ＂surprise＂ decision came after decades of research, scholarship, and reflection on the Council of Trent especially the pastoral reforms instituted by St Charles Borromeo. Angelo Roncalli＇s study of Borromeo＇s apostolic visitation to the diocese of Bergamo in 1575 was decisive in shaping the historical framework that guided his ideas, his language, and style of leadership.展开更多
BACKGROUND John Henryism(JH)is a strategy for dealing with chronic psychological stress characterized by high levels of physical effort and work.Cynicism is a belief that people are motivated primarily by self-interes...BACKGROUND John Henryism(JH)is a strategy for dealing with chronic psychological stress characterized by high levels of physical effort and work.Cynicism is a belief that people are motivated primarily by self-interest.High scores on the JH scale and cynicism measures correlate with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.High cynicism is also a hallmark of burnout syndrome,another known risk factor for heart disease.AIM To evaluate possible interactions between JH and cynicism hoping to clarify risk factors of burnout.METHODS We analyzed genetic and psychological data available from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes for genome-wide associations with these traits.We split the total available samples and used plink to perform the association studies on the discovery set(n=1852,80%)and tested for replication using the validation set(n=465).We used scikit-learn to perform supervised machine learning for developing genetic risk algorithms.RESULTS We identified 2,727,and 204 genetic associations for scores on the JH,cynicism and cynical distrust(CD)scales,respectively.We also found 173 associations with high cynicism,109 with high CD,but no associations with high JH.We also produced polygenic classifiers for high cynicism using machine learning with areas under the receiver operator characteristics curve greater than 0.7.CONCLUSION We found significant genetic components to these traits but no evidence of an interaction.Therefore,while there may be a genetic risk,JH is not likely a burnout risk factor.展开更多
文摘Fifty years after the conclusion of Vatican II, debate still continues regarding the Council, its legacy and interpretation. The now-canonised Pope John XXIII surprised many by his sudden decision to summon Vatican II in 1959 soon after his election; it was not anticipated that a ＂transitional＂ pope would haake such an audacious and daring decision that would have such major historical implications for the Catholic Church. However, John XXIII＇s ＂surprise＂ decision came after decades of research, scholarship, and reflection on the Council of Trent especially the pastoral reforms instituted by St Charles Borromeo. Angelo Roncalli＇s study of Borromeo＇s apostolic visitation to the diocese of Bergamo in 1575 was decisive in shaping the historical framework that guided his ideas, his language, and style of leadership.
文摘BACKGROUND John Henryism(JH)is a strategy for dealing with chronic psychological stress characterized by high levels of physical effort and work.Cynicism is a belief that people are motivated primarily by self-interest.High scores on the JH scale and cynicism measures correlate with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.High cynicism is also a hallmark of burnout syndrome,another known risk factor for heart disease.AIM To evaluate possible interactions between JH and cynicism hoping to clarify risk factors of burnout.METHODS We analyzed genetic and psychological data available from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes for genome-wide associations with these traits.We split the total available samples and used plink to perform the association studies on the discovery set(n=1852,80%)and tested for replication using the validation set(n=465).We used scikit-learn to perform supervised machine learning for developing genetic risk algorithms.RESULTS We identified 2,727,and 204 genetic associations for scores on the JH,cynicism and cynical distrust(CD)scales,respectively.We also found 173 associations with high cynicism,109 with high CD,but no associations with high JH.We also produced polygenic classifiers for high cynicism using machine learning with areas under the receiver operator characteristics curve greater than 0.7.CONCLUSION We found significant genetic components to these traits but no evidence of an interaction.Therefore,while there may be a genetic risk,JH is not likely a burnout risk factor.
