Preparation of nano-sized cerium and titanium pyrophosphates via solid-state reaction at room temperature

Nano-sized cerium-titanium pyrophosphates Ce1-xTixP2O7 （with x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0） were obtained by grinding a mixture of Ce（SO4）2·4H2O, Ti（SO4）2, and Na4P2O7·10H2O in the presence of surfactant PEG-400 at room temperature, washing the mixture with water to remove soluble inorganic salts, and drying at 100℃. The products and their calcined samples were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy （UV-vis）, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses （TG/DTA）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that nano-sized Ce1-xTixP2O7 behave as an excellent UV-shielding material. Thereinto, the CeP2O7 has the most excellent UV-shielding effect, and the amorphous state of Ce0.8Ti0.2P2O7 can keep at a higher temperature than CeP2O7. Therefore, the stabilization of the amorphous state of the cerium pyrophosphates was carded out by doping titanium. This stabilization is a significant improvement, which enables to apply these amorphous pyrophosphates not only to cosmetics and paints, but also plastics and films.

Preparing Nano-ZnS by Solid State Reaction at Room Temperature

ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by using solid-state reaction method at room temperature in agate mortar for the first time. The average particle size was about 20nm. This reaction is affected by the structure of reactant, crystal water and defects.

Substitution Reactions by Azide and Thiocyanide Anions in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

Conducted in the ionic liquids, activated and inactivated halides, acyl chlorides, tosylate, and bezotriazolyl acylates were converted to corresponding azide and thiocyanide compounds in high yields under mild conditions.

Kinetics of synthesis of Li_4Ti_5O_(12) through solid-solid reaction

Sohd-solid reaction under low heat or low temperature is an approach to synthesize various kinds of materials that were widely used in electrochemistry field. In this paper a theoretical treatment has been presented for analyzing the mechanism of sohd-solid reaction and deriving a series of formulae to describe the variation and rate of reactions. This new model has been used in the manufacturing of spinel Li4Ti5O12. The results show that this new model works very well and will play a useful role for guiding the manufacturing of electrochemical materials.

Single Step Solid-Solid Reaction Scheme for the Synthesis of Cobalt Sulphide-Oxide Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrix

At present, there is considerable interest in polymer-metal chalcogenides/oxides based nano-composites on account of their tunable optical, magnetic, electronic and catalytic properties. Here in, we report a simple single step approach for the in-situ synthesis of combined cobalt sulphide/cobalt oxide in polyphenylenesulphide (PPS) polymer matrix. We have illustrated the suitability of this methodology by reacting commonly available cobalt precursors with engineering thermoplastic, PPS. The cobalt precursor was homogeneously mixed with PPS in the molar ratios of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, respectively, followed by heating the mixtures obtained at the melting temperature of the polymer (285?C) for six hours. The resultant products were characterized by X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) technique and Fourier Transformation Infra red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Formation of mixed phases viz., sulphide and oxide of cobalt within modified PPS matrix was confirmed by XRD. The resultant nanoparticles of cobalt sulphide and cobalt oxide embedded in the PPS matrix showed crooked and chunk morphology. The optical properties of the resultant nanocomposites indicate the shift in the absorption hump due to nanoscale size effect.

In situ IR, pulse reaction and TPD-ITD study of catalytic performance of room-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation on supported gold catalysts

With in situ IR, two different CO adsorption bands were detected on various chemical state gold catalysts. One band is attributed to the linear CO on an oxidized gold catalyst(2100 cm -1 ), the other one is ascribed to the bridged CO on metallic gold (2085 cm -1 ). CO pulse reaction showed that Au/Fe 2O 3 catalyst had a room temperature activity even in the presence of moisture. The produced CO 2 was detained and more easily desorbed from supported gold catalyst than support oxide. TPD IDT results indicated that the O - 2 superoxide ions are the possible active oxygen species.

用于常温氢氧复合的新型Pt/疏水改性陶瓷催化剂

常温氢氧复合反应由于安全性高且能耗低,在核工业除氚、消氢等领域有重要应用,其得以实现的关键为制得性能优异的疏水催化剂。为获得稳定性优且兼具高催化活性的疏水催化剂,本研究制备了新型Pt/疏水改性陶瓷催化剂。陶瓷载体通过构筑CeO2表面粗糙结构,结合涂覆低表面能十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷(PFOTMS)进行疏水改性,而后经浸渍-气相还原制得疏水催化剂。结果表明,与常规仅涂覆低表面能材料对陶瓷载体进行疏水改性相比,新型疏水结构的构筑不仅可使疏水催化剂获得更优的疏水性,还可进一步提升催化剂的催化活性及稳定性。制得的新型Pt/疏水改性陶瓷催化剂在480 min反应时长内,氢氧复合效率可维持在99.5%。

化学反应工程课程教学发展之浅见

面对化工行业的未来发展和化工类专业人才培养的新要求,化工专业核心课程的教与学问题值得进一步探讨。文章以化学反应工程课程为例,简要介绍了化学反应工程学科、课程教材及教学内容的发展,分析了“互联网+”环境下课程教学模式的调整,讨论了在线教育平台参与教学的情况,阐述了教学模式改革的必要性,并针对线上线下混合式教学模式下的课程考核提出了合理化建议,最后介绍了新工科背景下高校联合建设化学反应工程虚拟教研室的情况。

基于ERAS理念的手术室护理模式在全髋关节置换术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨基于加速康复外科(ERAS)理念的手术室护理模式在全髋关节置换术患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年7月至2022年7月于本院接受诊治的80例全髋关节置换术患者作为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组予以常规手术室护理,观察组予以基于ERAS理念的手术室护理模式。比较两组的术后恢复指标、并发症发生情况、髋关节功能、疼痛程度以及应激反应指标。结果观察组的术后下地活动时间、首次排气时间、首次排便时间以及住院时间均短于对照组,并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组的Harris评分高于对照组,视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,两组的去甲肾上腺素(NE)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、皮质醇(Cor)水平均升高,但观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于ERAS理念的手术室护理模式能明显降低全髋关节置换术患者术后疼痛感及应激反应,改善髋关节功能,促进康复,提升预后效果。

室温固化-高温反应增强型硅橡胶涂料

针对固体火箭发动机外防热需求,采用α,ω-二羟基聚硅氧烷为基体树脂,添加酚醛树脂粉及其他耐烧蚀填料,制备室温固化-高温反应增强型的硅橡胶涂料,研究聚硅氧烷分子链长、酚醛树脂粉含量对耐烧蚀涂料性能的影响,并进行配方优化制备轻质防隔热耐烧蚀硅橡胶涂料。采用力学性能分析、热物理常数测试、热失重分析、扫描电镜、氧-乙炔焰烧蚀等方法对涂层性能进行表征。研究表明,酚醛树脂粉可显著提升涂层的力学性能、耐烧蚀性能,涂层具备室温固化-高温反应增强特性,微观具有互相穿插的双重交联网络结构。通过对涂料进行系列配方优化,获得了综合性能较优异的防隔热耐烧蚀涂料,其具备可室温固化、轻质、隔热性好、与基底附着力强、力学性能优异、耐烧蚀、耐高温、易于施工等特点。

基于人文关怀的手术室护理措施对输尿管结石患者负性情绪与应激反应的影响

目的探讨基于人文关怀的手术室护理措施对输尿管结石患者负性情绪与应激反应的影响。方法本研究采用了2022年3月至2023年3月在本院收治的90例输尿管结石患者作为研究对象。随机数字表法将患者对照组(n=45)和观察组(n=45)。对照组患者接受常规护理,观察组患者接受基于人文关怀的手术室护理干预,在本研究中将采用多种指标来评估输尿管结石患者的病情和术后恢复情况,以全面了解干预的效果。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估患者有无不良情绪及其程度。在手术前和术后12 h,通过测量患者的舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、肾上腺素(E)和心率(HR)等指标评估手术对患者的生理应激反应。记录两组首次下床活动时间、引流管拔除时间和肛门首次排气时间等指标。使用自制问卷评估两组患者对护理的满意度。结果在术前,两组患者的SAS评分和SDS评分对比差异无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。然而,在术后12 h,接受人文关怀护理干预的观察组患者的SAS评分和SDS评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。在术前,两组患者的应激指标比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。然而,在术后12 h,接受人文关怀护理干预的观察组患者的HR、E、SBP、DBP均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。实施人文关怀护理干预的观察组患者在术后恢复方面表现出色,包括首次下床活动时间、引流管拔除时间、肛门首次排气时间等早于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的护理满意度各项评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论通过经输尿管镜进行碎石和取石手术治疗输尿管结石的患者,接受以人文关怀为基础的护理干预,可以帮助其维持积极的心态,稳定应激反应的生理指标,增强自我护理的能力。此外,这种护理方法对于加快手术后的恢复进程、减少并发症的风险以及维护良好的护患关系都具有显著的效果。

室温固相反应助力制备氮硫共掺杂碳限域的FeCoS_(2)复合物用于高性能钠离子电池负极

利用室温固相自组装反应制备Co和Fe双席夫碱配合物,随后在硫粉存在下中温热处理,使该配合物同时发生热解碳化和固相硫化反应,从而获得N、S共掺杂碳限域的FeCoS_(2)纳米复合物(记为FeCoS_(2)■NSC)。通过粉末X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和热重分析技术分别对纳米复合物的物相、形貌结构、组分和含量等进行物理表征,并通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电技术测试其电化学储钠性能。研究结果表明,最优化条件下制备的复合物(FeCoS_(2)■NSC-7001)中FeCoS_(2)粒子的平均尺寸约为3.4 nm,且被均匀限域在N、S共掺杂的碳基体中;该复合物作为钠离子电池负极时,在0.1 A·g^(-1)的电流密度下经过300次充放电循环,其可逆充电比容量仍高达310.4 mAh·g^(-1);即使在5 A·g^(-1)的大电流密度下,其充电比容量也高达146.0 mAh·g^(-1),呈现优异的电化学储钠性能。

室温自交联环氧酯树脂的制备及性能研究

通过不饱和脂肪酸与环氧分子链上的环氧基和羟基进行酯化反应,制备出不同酯化程度的室温自交联环氧酯。研究了油酸种类、油度、反应温度、反应时间、松香树脂添加量对环氧酯树脂性能的影响。结果表明:当亚油酸与桐油酸的质量比为2∶1、松香树脂的添加量为5%,油度为70%时,制备出的环氧酯树脂干燥性能、硬度等性能最佳;当酯化反应温度为200℃、反应时间为7 h时,环氧酯树脂的合成工艺较为稳定,且制备的环氧酯底漆具有优异的干燥性能、硬度及耐水性能,适用于桥梁、管道、储罐、汽车等设施中钢铁构件的防护,应用前景广阔。

NBASS-APS模式护理在麻醉恢复室老年患者中的应用效果

目的:观察急性疼痛管理(NBASS-APS)模式护理在麻醉恢复室老年患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年5月至2023年5月该院收治的150例麻醉恢复室老年患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为研究组和对照组各75例。对照组采用常规护理,研究组采用NBASS-APS模式护理。比较两组疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]评分、舒适度[Kolcaba的舒适状况量表(GCQ)]评分和麻醉不良反应发生率。结果:入室后30 min,两组VAS评分均低于入室后5 min,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出室前3 min,两组生理、心理、精神、社会文化和环境等GCQ评分均高于入室后5 min,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组麻醉不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:NBASS-APS模式护理应用于麻醉恢复室老年患者可提高舒适度评分,降低疼痛程度评分和麻醉不良反应发生率,其效果优于常规护理。

子宫肌瘤患者手术室护理中个性化护理的应用价值

目的探究子宫肌瘤患者手术室护理中实施个性化护理对情绪状态、术后恢复、不良反应的影响。方法选取2022年3—12月本院收治的78例子宫肌瘤患者,所有患者均在本院实施手术切除治疗,按照入院先后分为两组,其中对照组(39例)实施常规手术室护理,观察组(39例)则在手术室实施个性化护理。评价患者的情绪状态、不良反应及恢复情况。结果对照组HAMA评分、HAMD评分、术后恢复时间、不良反应率均低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论个性化护理在子宫肌瘤患者手术室护理中能够预防不良反应的发生。

Role of Catalytic Materials on Conversion of Sulfur Species for Room Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Battery

Room temperature sodium–sulfur(RT Na-S)battery with high theoretical energy density and low cost has spurred tremendous interest,which is recognized as an ideal candidate for large-scale energy storage applications.However,serious sodium polysulfide shutting and sluggish reaction kinetics lead to rapid capacity decay and poor Coulombic efficiency.Recently,catalytic materials capable of adsorbing and catalyzing the conversion of polysulfides are profiled as a promising method to improve electrochemical performance.In this review,the research progress is summarized that the application of catalytic materials in RT Na-S battery.For the role of catalyst on the conversion of sulfur species,specific attention is focused on the influence factors of reaction rate during different redox processes.Various catalytic materials based on lightweight and high conductive carbon materials,including heteroatom-doped carbon,metals and metal compounds,single-atom and heterostructure,promote the reaction kinetic via lowered energy barrier and accelerated charge transfer.Additionally,the adsorption capacity of the catalytic materials is the key to the catalytic effect.Particular attention to the interaction between polysulfides and sulfur host materials is necessary for the exploration of catalytic mechanism.Lastly,the challenges and outlooks toward the desired design of efficient catalytic materials for RT Na-S battery are discussed.

Room-temperature conversion of ethane and the mechanism understanding over single iron atoms confined in graphene

The catalytic conversion of ethane to high value-added chemicals is significantly important for utilization of hydrocarbon resources.However, it is a great challenge due to the typically required high temperature(> 400 ℃) conditions.Herein, a highly active catalytic conversion process of ethane at room temperature(25 ℃) is reported on single iron atoms confined in graphene via the porphyrin-like N4-coordination structures.Combining with the operando time of flight mass spectrometer and density functional theory calculations, the reaction is identified as a radical mechanism, in which the C–H bonds of the same C atom are preferentially and sequentially activated, generating the value-added C2 chemicals, simultaneously avoiding the over-oxidation of the products to CO2.The in-situ formed O–FeN4–O structure at the single iron atom serves as the active center for the reaction and facilitates the formation of ethyl radicals.This work deepens the understanding of alkane C–H activation on the FeN4 center and provides the reference in development of efficient catalyst for selective oxidation of light alkane.

手术室人员对手术室辐射防护看法的质性研究

目的:基于4R危机理论了解手术室人员对手术室辐射防护的看法。方法:采取目的抽样方法,选择湖南省6所三级甲等医院30名手术室护士、麻醉师和外科医生为研究对象,采用现象学分析法进行半结构化访谈,并根据Colaizzi现象学资料分析法对资料进行分析、提炼主题。结果:共提炼4个类属15个主题,即缩减力(环境管理、人员管理及系统管理)、预备力(使用防护物品、术前准备齐全、保护病人)、反应力(距离防护、信号提醒、收集射线量、预防误透、持续监护)、恢复力(定期监测防护效果、防护物品的维护、辐射人员定期体检、提供福利)。结论:手术室辐射防护需全面管理,应制定辐射防护制度,并纳入职业培训管理,构建辐射安全文化,提高职业安全意识。

手术室舒适护理对行剖宫产术产妇围术期应激反应及疼痛的影响探析

目的 研究手术室舒适护理对行剖宫产术产妇围术期应激反应及疼痛的影响。方法 选取200名行剖宫产术产妇,按照随机数字表法分组,每组100名。对照组予以常规性指导,观察组在对照组基础上予以手术室舒适护理。对比两组应激指标、疼痛情况及术后恢复指标。结果 两组干预前的肾上腺素、皮质醇指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组肾上腺素、皮质醇指标相比对照组明显更低(P<0.05)。观察组术后6 h、12 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分分别为(5.32±1.03)分、(4.56±0.68)分,相比对照组的(5.86±1.35)分、(5.11±0.89)分均明显降低(P<0.05)。观察组术后下床活动时间、泌乳时间及住院时间均比对照组明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论 手术室舒适护理能够有效减轻剖宫产术产妇的围术期应激反应,加快术后疼痛缓解,且对促进产妇术后恢复及泌乳有明显作用,值得临床推广。

室温固相法制备硼化铁及电催化分解水产氢性能

采用室温固相反应和煅烧后处理相结合的方法,成功合成了高活性的硼化铁析氢催化剂。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP)等技术表征了硼化铁催化剂的组成、结构和形貌。和传统的溶液法制备的硼化铁相比,室温固相法制备出的硼化铁表现出更加优异的析氢性能,在碱性电解质溶液中,在100 mA·cm^(-2)的电流密度下,固相法制备的硼化铁的HER过电位为303 mV,塔菲尔斜率为65 mV·dec^(-1),分别低于溶液法制备的硼化铁的402 mV和80 mV·dec^(-1)。其原因是固相法制备的硼化铁含有比溶液法制备的硼化铁更高的硼含量、更好的导电性。室温固相法制备硼化铁消耗的硼氢化钠要远小于溶液法,且大大减少废水排放,有利于降低制备成本和环境保护,有良好的应用前景。