Analyzing observations of wintertime air temperature in both indoor and outdoor surroundings in Kunming, a city lying in low latitudes, characteristics of temperature and humidity have been studied for the interior of...Analyzing observations of wintertime air temperature in both indoor and outdoor surroundings in Kunming, a city lying in low latitudes, characteristics of temperature and humidity have been studied for the interior of rooms facing north-south under different weather conditions. Significant warming effect has been identified in terms of lowest and daily-mean indoor temperature in the area of Kunming. The heating amplitude ranges from 7.7C to 10.0C and from 4.6C to 5.8C for the interior part of rooms facing the south and from 4.6C to 7.0C and from 1.3C to 4.4C for the interior part of rooms facing the north, respectively for the two elements. The highest air temperature is higher indoor than outdoor for rooms facing the south, but otherwise is usually true for rooms facing the north. Additional findings point out that buildings not only help maintain relatively warm indoor temperature but delay its variation. The diurnal cycle of temperature indoor is smaller and ranges by 40% ~ 48% for south-facing rooms, and by 20% ~ 30% for north-facing rooms, than outdoor, and the highest temperature is about 2 hours late inside the room than outside. It shows how inertly indoor temperature varies. The work also finds that relative humidity is less indoor in southward rooms than in northward ones and difference is the largest on fine days but the smallest when it is overcast. For the diurnal variation, the indoor relative humidity is large at nighttime with small amplitude but small during daytime with large amplitude. The above-presented results can be served as scientific foundation for more research on climate in low-latitude cities and rational design of urban architectures.展开更多
Variable air volume(VAV)air-conditioning(AC)systems are widely employed to achieve a comfortable room thermal and humid environment depending on its better regulation performance and energy efficiency.In the single co...Variable air volume(VAV)air-conditioning(AC)systems are widely employed to achieve a comfortable room thermal and humid environment depending on its better regulation performance and energy efficiency.In the single coil VAV AC system,conventional proportional-integral(PI)control algorithm is usually adopted to track the set-points of the room temperature and humidity by regulating the supply air flow rate and the chilled water flow rate,respectively.However,the control performance is usually not good due to the high coupling of the heat and mass transfer in the air-handling unit(AHU).A model-based control method is developed to realize the decoupling control of the room temperature and humidity according to the bilinear characteristics of the temperature and humidity variation.In this control method,a bilinear room temperature controller is used to track the room temperature set-point based on the real-time cooling load,while a room humidity controller is used to track the room humidity set-point depending on the real-time humidity load.The control performance was validated in a simulated VAV AC system.The test results show that comparing with the conventional PI control,the room temperature and humidity are controlled much more robustly and accurately by using the proposed model-based control method.展开更多
Accurate sensing of trace amount of hydrogen without interference from environment is highly desirable in timely detection of possible leakage when using hydrogen as a clean energy source.Humidity in air is usually co...Accurate sensing of trace amount of hydrogen without interference from environment is highly desirable in timely detection of possible leakage when using hydrogen as a clean energy source.Humidity in air is usually considered as the main challenge to the performance of room temperature hydrogen sensors.展开更多
文摘Analyzing observations of wintertime air temperature in both indoor and outdoor surroundings in Kunming, a city lying in low latitudes, characteristics of temperature and humidity have been studied for the interior of rooms facing north-south under different weather conditions. Significant warming effect has been identified in terms of lowest and daily-mean indoor temperature in the area of Kunming. The heating amplitude ranges from 7.7C to 10.0C and from 4.6C to 5.8C for the interior part of rooms facing the south and from 4.6C to 7.0C and from 1.3C to 4.4C for the interior part of rooms facing the north, respectively for the two elements. The highest air temperature is higher indoor than outdoor for rooms facing the south, but otherwise is usually true for rooms facing the north. Additional findings point out that buildings not only help maintain relatively warm indoor temperature but delay its variation. The diurnal cycle of temperature indoor is smaller and ranges by 40% ~ 48% for south-facing rooms, and by 20% ~ 30% for north-facing rooms, than outdoor, and the highest temperature is about 2 hours late inside the room than outside. It shows how inertly indoor temperature varies. The work also finds that relative humidity is less indoor in southward rooms than in northward ones and difference is the largest on fine days but the smallest when it is overcast. For the diurnal variation, the indoor relative humidity is large at nighttime with small amplitude but small during daytime with large amplitude. The above-presented results can be served as scientific foundation for more research on climate in low-latitude cities and rational design of urban architectures.
基金This work presented in this paper is financially supported by a grant(No.51678263)of National Science Foundation of China.
文摘Variable air volume(VAV)air-conditioning(AC)systems are widely employed to achieve a comfortable room thermal and humid environment depending on its better regulation performance and energy efficiency.In the single coil VAV AC system,conventional proportional-integral(PI)control algorithm is usually adopted to track the set-points of the room temperature and humidity by regulating the supply air flow rate and the chilled water flow rate,respectively.However,the control performance is usually not good due to the high coupling of the heat and mass transfer in the air-handling unit(AHU).A model-based control method is developed to realize the decoupling control of the room temperature and humidity according to the bilinear characteristics of the temperature and humidity variation.In this control method,a bilinear room temperature controller is used to track the room temperature set-point based on the real-time cooling load,while a room humidity controller is used to track the room humidity set-point depending on the real-time humidity load.The control performance was validated in a simulated VAV AC system.The test results show that comparing with the conventional PI control,the room temperature and humidity are controlled much more robustly and accurately by using the proposed model-based control method.
基金This work is supported in part by the 1000 Talents Program of China,the Zhengz-hou Materials Genome Institute,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51001091,111174256,91233101,51602094,11274100)the Fun-damental Research Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(no.2014CB931704).
文摘Accurate sensing of trace amount of hydrogen without interference from environment is highly desirable in timely detection of possible leakage when using hydrogen as a clean energy source.Humidity in air is usually considered as the main challenge to the performance of room temperature hydrogen sensors.
