Prevention and Control of Gentiana macrophylla Pall Root Rot Disease

The root rot is a major disease affecting yield of Gentiana macrophyl a pal , reducing yield or even causing total crop failure. This research introduced the occurrence characteristics and various control techniques of root rot of Gentiana macrophyl a pal , in order to provide references for farmers.

Effect of wood chip application on root growth of oak seedling and weed control in northern Iran

It was hypothesized that wood chips can serve as a mulch to improve the growth of young trees by facilitating the development of their root systems, inhibiting weed germination, and suppressing weed growth. The present study was carried out in Ghorogh Nursery, Golestan Northern Iran, in order to investigate the impact of wood chips applica- tion on root growth of oak （Quercus castaneifolia） seedlings and control of weed. A three centimeter wood chip layer was used on the soil surface as the mulch treatment with bare soil as the control. The number of new roots, the length of exciting roots and the density of weeds were meas- ured after 5 and 12 weeks. Results showed that wood chip application had significant positive effect on the length of excising roots after 5 and 12 weeks compared with control seedlings. Also, weeds were reduced to near zero levels in treated plot. Our findings suggested that wood chip layer on the soil surface in the nursery can conserve soil moisture and prevent nutrient leaching from the rooting zone as well as diminish weed growth which consequently lead to production of high quality seedling.

Preliminary Study on Mixed Use of Agaricus bisporus Residue and Microbial Agent to Control Cucumber Root-knot Nematode

Single or mixed use ofAgaricus bisporus residue and microbial agent had better control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode disease in greenhouse. The results showed that the control effect of single use of A. b/sporus residue was 32.9% - 34.7%, and the yield increasing rate was 2.1% - 8.7% ; the control effect of mixed use ofA. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was 59. 1% - 63. 6%, and yield increasing rate was 2.6% - 3.5%. The experimental dose had no ad- verse effects on soil physical and chemical properties. The mixed use of A. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was one of the effective ways to control root-knot nematode disease.

Occurrence Regularity and Prevention and Control Technology of Kiwifruit Root Rot

Kiwifruit root rot is an important root disease of kiwifruit, which has occurred increasingly in recent years. The disease leads to the death of whole kiwifruit plant under severe condition, and has become an important disease restricting kiwi fruit industry development. The characteris-tics, occurrence, etiology and symptoms of kiwifruit root rot were introduced in the paper, and the prevention and control technology against the dis-ease were put forward from the aspects of agriculture, biology and chemistry.

Synthesis of an Optimal Control for Linear Stationary Discrete Dynamical Systems

In this paper, an algorithm designed by the author is used to construct the general solution to difference equations with constant coefficients. It is worth noting that the algorithm does not require any information on the multiple roots of the characteristic equation. This means one does not need to reconfigure the algorithm when changing the multiplicity groups. It is for this reason that the algorithm is called “universal”. In the present study, we solve the task of finding a linear optimal control for linear stationary discrete one- and higher-dimensional systems with scalar control. Moreover, we give analytical expressions for the control that minimize the quadratic criterion and ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed system. The obtained optimal control depends only on the parameters of the initial system and the roots of the characteristic equation.

急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者睡眠状态变化与预后影响因素的研究

背景脑卒中患者通常伴有睡眠状态紊乱失衡,这在临床治疗中极易被忽视,且目前针对睡眠状态是否对该类疾病预后产生影响的研究较少。目的探究急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者睡眠状态变化与预后影响的因素。方法选取2019年12月—2023年12月在华北理工大学附属开滦总医院诊治的急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者60例为病例组,根据患者出院时改良Rankin(mRS)评分,将病例组分为预后良好亚组45例,预后不良亚组15例。选取同时期无脑血管狭窄且无急性缺血性脑卒中患者52例作为对照组。收集患者一般及临床资料,比较病例组与对照组患者昼夜睡眠-觉醒节律、日间睡眠-觉醒节律、夜间睡眠-觉醒节律指标以及预后良好亚组与预后不良亚组梗死脑区分布的差异性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者预后不良的影响因素。结果病例组睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)高于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组睡眠周期颠倒、日间睡眠增多、夜间入睡困难所占比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组日间总睡眠时间、入睡后清醒时间、浅睡眠期、深睡眠期、非快速眼动(NREM)睡眠期、快速眼动(REM)睡眠期、REM睡眠期占比、深睡眠期占比高于对照组,NREM睡眠期占比、浅睡眠期占比低于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组夜间总睡眠时间、浅睡眠期、NREM睡眠期高于对照组(P<0.05)。预后不良亚组桥脑梗死占比高于预后良好亚组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,日间深睡眠期(OR=1.203,95%CI=1.032~1.401)、桥脑梗死(OR=16.497,95%CI=1.142~238.391)是急性后循环缺血性脑卒中预后不良的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者AHI增高,睡眠状态特征为睡眠周期颠倒、日间睡眠增多、夜间入睡困难,且日间深睡眠期、桥脑梗死是患者预后不良的影响因素。

USB HOST & HOST Controller剖析与实现

USB接口被广泛地应用在计算机外设接口地设计中 ,尤其是嵌入式系统和穿戴计算机系统 .为了减小系统的体积 ,提高系统的集成度 ,可以利用 System On Chip技术将 USB主机控制器集成在微处理器中 ,构成片上系统 ,这就需要自行设计 U SB主机控制器的核 (Core) .本文系统地剖析了 U SB主机控制器的原理和结构 ,并针对 OHCI从系统级上给出了一个典型的 U

Design of a modern automatic control system for the activated sludge process in wastewater treatment

The Activated Sludge Process(ASP) exhibits highly nonlinear properties. The design of an automatic control system that is robust against disturbance of inlet wastewater flow rate and has short process settling times is a challenging matter. The proposed control method is an I-P modi fied controller automatic control system with state variable feedback and control canonical form simulation diagram for the process. A more stable response is achieved with this type of modern control. Settling times of 0.48 days are achieved for the concentration of microorganisms,(reference value step increase of 50 mg·L-1) and 0.01 days for the concentration of oxygen(reference value step increase of 0.1 mg·L-1). Fluctuations of concentrations of oxygen and microorganisms after an inlet disturbance of5 × 103m3·d-1are small. Changes in the reference values of oxygen and microorganisms(increases by 10%, 20% and 30%) show satisfactory response of the system in all cases. Changes in the value of inlet wastewater flow rate disturbance(increases by 10%, 25%, 50% and 100%) are stabilized by the control system in short time. Maximum percent overshoot is also taken in consideration in all cases and the largest value is 25% which is acceptable. The proposed method with I-P controller is better for disturbance rejection and process settling times compared to the same method using PI controller. This method can substitute optimal control systems in ASP.

Comparison of the rheological properties of four root canal sealers

The flowability of a root canal sealer is clinically important because it improves the penetration of the sealer into the complex root canal system. The purpose of this study was to compare the flowabilities of four root canal sealers, measured using the simple press method （ISO 6876）, and their viscosities, measured using a strain-controlled rheometer. A newly developed, calcium phosphate-based root canal sealer （Capseal） and three commercial root canal sealers （AH Plus, Sealapex and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT） were used in this study. The flowabilities of the four root canal sealers were measured using the simple press method （n= 5） and their viscosities were measured using a strain-controlled rheometer （n=5）. The correlation between these two values was statistically analysed using Spearman＇s correlation test. The flow diameters and the viscosities of the root canal sealers were strongly negatively correlated （p= -0.8618）. The viscosity of Pulp Canal Sealer EWT was the lowest and increased in the following order： AH Plus〈Sealapex〈Capseal （P〈0.05）. All of the tested root canal sealers showed characteristic time- and temperature-dependent changes in their rheological properties. The viscosities measured using the strain-controlled rheometer were more precise than the flowabilities measured using the simple press method, suggesting that the rheometer can accurately measure the rheological properties of root canal sealers.

Studies on the Mechanism of Single Basal Application of Controlled-Release Fertilizers for Increasing Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

This paper was to explore the mechanism of single basal application of controlled-release fertilizers for increasing yield of rice （Oryza sativa L.）. Pot trials and cylinder trials were carried out from 2002 to 2005 to study the influences of single basal application of 3 controlled-release fertilizers on the changes of soil available N, root development, senescence and lodging resistance at late growth stages. Results showed that at 30 days after fertilization, single basal application of controlled-release fertilizers coated with vegetal-substance （CRF1） and polymer materials （CRF3） increased soil available N to 12.0 and 147.9%, respectively, in comparison to split fertilization of rice-specific fertilizer （RSF1）. Treatments of the two CRFs obviously benefited the development of root system, resulting in greater rice root weights with extensive distribution and higher root activity. In addition, the two CRF treatments, in comparison to RSF1, enhanced chlorophyll consents of the flag leaves to 9.5 and 15.5%, and soluble protein up to 89.7 and 108.0% respectively. Application of the two CRFs also made the base of rice stems strong and large, declined the proportion of shoot and root, increased root depth index. Though relatively low K rate, single basal application of the CRF3 coated with NH4MgPO4 could also promote the development of root system, enhance root activity and some physiological functions of flag leaves. Based on these results, it was concluded that major mechanisms for increasing rice yield by single basal application of the CRFs should be attributed to grater soil available N supply, superior development of root systems, better nutrient absorption capacity, slower senescence and enhancement of lodging resistance at late stages.

两种微生物菌剂不同灌根次数对马铃薯疮痂病防效试验

马铃薯疮痂病是影响天水地区马铃薯产量和商品属性最主要的土传病害。为了防治该病,本研究选取格兰克和菌动力两种微生物菌剂,比较不同灌根次数对天薯13号马铃薯疮痂病的防效。结果表明,与不灌根对照相比,微生物菌剂灌根处理均能提高马铃薯的产量,增产率为0.5%~21.5%;且能有效降低马铃薯疮痂病的发生率,对疮痂病的防效为44.8%~88.2%。其中,格兰克灌根两次(现蕾期和开花期各灌根1次)和菌动力灌根1次(现蕾期灌根1次)两个处理的效果较好,马铃薯产量分别较对照增加14.5%和21.5%,对马铃薯疮痂病的防效分别为88.2%和78.7%。

4种杀菌剂对甘薯茎腐病的防治效果研究

为筛选出防治甘薯茎腐病的有效药剂,研究了4种杀菌剂对甘薯茎腐病的防治效果,结果表明,薯苗生长前期用90%(质量分数,下同)氯溴异氰尿酸稀释液滴灌根部,防治效果可达94.64%;用70%甲基硫菌灵稀释液在栽插前浸苗20 min配合栽后每10 d滴灌1次,防治效果为68.53%;用可杀得3000(46%氢氧化铜)稀释液或6%春雷霉素水剂稀释液浸苗配合叶面喷施,防治效果均低于40%.因此,90%氯溴异氰尿酸稀释液可作为甘薯茎腐病防控的有效药剂.

Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus on Dynamics of Meloidogyne arenaria Population and Control Effectiveness

The control effects and application methods of Pleurotus ostreatus on the peanut root-knot nematode disease, Meloidogyne arenaria, were systematically studied in the greenhouse. Results of pot experiments showed that P. ostreatus could effectively reduce the 2nd-instar population density in the soil, and the larva reduced by 80% compared with the control. P. ostreatus could markedly lower the infecting number of the peanut root-knot nematodes, the nematode density inside the root knots declined by 40.00% -82.64%, and the peanut root knots also reduced by 86.96% - 94. 03%. The fungus could defer the initial infection of M. arenaria to the roots, the epidemic rate of the peanut root-knot nematode disease was significantly cut down, and the increase of root-knot changed from the way of Logistic curve in the control to the way of linear curve in the treatment. The final control effectiveness was about 80%. The results of pot trial also indicated that the control effectiveness is closely related to the application time and the amount of this fungus. The key factor affecting control effectiveness was the application time of P. ostreatus in the soil and the suitable time was 20 days before sowing.

植被控制对人工更新紫椴幼树根系性状的影响

全光条件下紫椴(Tilia amurensis)更新困难,植被控制通过改变光照条件和土壤质量能够促进目的树种生长,研究植被控制强度对紫椴幼树根系性状和土壤因子的影响,为紫椴人工林培育提供支撑。以株行距为1.5 m×1.5 m的紫椴人工林(5年生)为对象,设置不同植被控制强度:幼树半径75 cm内所有灌草去除(T_(75))、半径50 cm范围灌草去除(T_(50))、半径30 cm范围灌草去除(T_(30))和不去除灌草(CK),测定不同植被控制强度下紫椴幼树吸收根和运输根的形态学性状、全量养分和非结构性碳水化合物等指标及土壤理化性质,揭示植被控制对根系性状和土壤因子的影响。植被控制显著改变了紫椴幼树所处环境中光照强度,其中,T_(75)处理下光照强度最大,光照强度随着植被控制强度减弱而显著降低(P<0.05)。植被控制均显著降低了土壤全碳、全氮、速效氮和有效磷含量。随着植被控制强度的减弱,细根的直径、碳磷比、可溶性糖和淀粉含量均减小,比表面积、比根长、全碳、全氮和全磷含量均增加。土壤因子对紫椴幼树吸收根和运输根根系性状的变异的解释度分别为43.2%和37.9%。植被控制强度越大,紫椴幼树获得的光照强度越大,紫椴幼树根系形态、化学计量和生理特征随植被控制强度的变化均发生适应性改变,通过提高紫椴根系比表面积、比根长、全碳、全氮和全磷含量以增强幼树对低光条件的适应。植被控制强度变化下光照条件和土壤因子的改变可能是解释紫椴幼树根系性状变化的两个主要因素。

解淀粉芽孢杆菌B235对花生根腐病的防治效果研究

利用功能微生物防治花生根腐病是一种环境友好、绿色高效的防控措施。本研究进行了盆栽及田间小区试验,观察花生根腐病的发病情况及解淀粉芽孢杆菌B235对镰孢菌的防治效果。病原菌接种试验结果表明:接种镰孢菌的花生种子出苗慢、主侧根短小、发病率高,出苗率最差的为混合F1和F2两株菌的处理,出苗率仅为28.2%。盆栽生防试验结果表明:与接种病原菌的处理组相比,接种生防菌B235后能显著提升花生的发芽率和出苗率,发芽率和出苗率均在60%以上,最高可分别达到68.5%和65.3%;根腐病病情指数显著降低,防治效果均达60%以上,最高可分别达69.5%和65.5%。小区试验结果表明:相较于对照处理组,生防菌处理组表现为出苗率高、根系发达;在开花期,发病率为4.5%,显著低于常规处理的6.7%和对照处理的10.5%;在成熟期,各处理组发病率差异明显,对照组花生镰孢菌根腐病发病严重,发生率达19.8%,生防菌B235处理组根腐病发生较轻,为5.0%,显著低于常规处理的7.3%,且增产显著;同时发现接种菌株B235对花生根际微生物群落结构及多样性也产生积极的影响。综上所述,生防菌B235能够显著降低根腐病的发生、促进花生生长和产量提升,且有利于保持土壤微生态,具有较强的推广应用前景。

基于计算机网络控制的智能喷灌系统应用研究

为了实现植株根部含水率的精确控制,基于ZigBee技术建立了智能喷灌系统。计算表层含水率变化量、平均温度、日照长度与根部含水率变化量的相对关联系数,选定表层含水率变化量为自变量参数,采用线性拟合的方法,建立根部含水率变化量模型;探究喷灌阀控制信号和喷灌流量之间的关系,进而建立喷灌阀控制信号与表层含水率变化量之间的模型;设计系统工作流程,实现根部含水率精确控制。对网络系统监测表层含水率的精度和根部含水率恒定控制进行测试,表明系统具有良好的工作性能。

鲁西南地区设施番茄根结线虫病的发生情况及综合防治技术

介绍了鲁西南地区设施番茄根结线虫病病原、发病特点及为害症状、发生规律,阐述了番茄废弃物和病土无害化处理、选用抗病耐病品种和培育无病种苗、选用抗性砧木嫁接、科学合理利用伴生植物、生物防治、化学防治及综合防治等防治措施,旨在为鲁西南地区设施番茄根结线虫病防治提供指导。

大豆镰刀菌根腐病拮抗菌的筛选及生防效果

【目的】镰刀菌根腐病是世界范围内大豆生产上最具破坏性的土传病害之一,为获得对禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum具有较好拮抗效果的生防菌株。【方法】从健康大豆根际土壤分离细菌,平板对峙法筛选拮抗菌株,通过形态观察、生理生化特性、胞外酶活性及促生特性对菌株进行鉴定分析,采用盆栽试验进一步测定菌株生防及促生效果。【结果】筛选出的4株芽孢杆菌和1株假单胞杆菌对F.graminearum的抑菌率均达到60%以上,对F.oxysporum,F.solani,F.longifundum以及F.equiseti也均有一定的抑制作用,其发酵液及挥发代谢物均会影响F.graminearum的生长。5株拮抗菌具有产蛋白酶、纤维素酶以及葡聚糖酶的活性,解磷、解钾、固氮以及产铁载体的能力。综合以上测试结果,菌株20-8具有较强的抑菌及大豆促生效果。根据形态特征及16S rRNA序列分析,将菌株20-8鉴定为暹罗芽孢杆菌(Bacillus siamensis)。该菌株的发酵上清液可以破坏F.graminearum菌丝体结构,无细胞发酵上清液可以显著抑制孢子萌发。室内盆栽防效测定结果表明,20-8的稀释发酵液对F.graminearum引起大豆根腐病的防效可达46.08%,并且促进大豆植株生长。【结论】筛选鉴定的暹罗芽孢杆菌20-8具有解磷、解钾、固氮以及产铁载体及多种胞外酶功能,其稀释发酵液具有较强的抗真菌活性及大豆促生能力,菌株20-8可以用于防治F.graminearum引起的大豆根腐病。

烟草镰刀菌根腐病生防菌GDND-2的鉴定及防病效果

为烟草根腐病生防菌剂的研发储备菌株资源。以烟草根腐病菌为靶标,筛选拮抗菌,通过培养形态、生化特征和分子技术鉴定菌株。用平板划线测定拮抗菌耐受力,盆栽试验验证其对病害的防效。筛选出拮抗菌GDND-2,其10%和20%发酵滤液对病菌生长抑制率为53.09%和62.24%。鉴定GDND-2为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velenzensis),该菌抑菌谱广,耐极端温度、酸碱和盐碱,对多菌灵等7种常用杀菌剂不敏感。GDND-2发酵液处理15、30、45 d,对烟草根腐病的防效为70.00%、74.62%和79.51%,处理45 d的防效高于多菌灵。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GDND-2抗菌谱广,性状优良,可有效防治烟草根腐病,有望开发为生防菌剂。