Raising crop water use efficiency (WUE) is the physiological basis to implement crop high efficiently using water. The present soil column and field experiments are designed to investigate the change of wheat WUE (Tri...Raising crop water use efficiency (WUE) is the physiological basis to implement crop high efficiently using water. The present soil column and field experiments are designed to investigate the change of wheat WUE (Triticum aestivum L.) at whole plant level and root system growth in evolution and the relationship between WUE and its root system growth using 10 wheat evolution genotypes with different ploidy chromosomes sets. Results show that in wheat evolution from 2n→6n, WUE at whole plant level increases with the increase of ploidy chromosomes, and root system growth (root weight, root length) and root/shoot ratio of wheat decrease with the increase of ploidy chromosomes under dry and irrigated conditions. WUE is negatively correlated with root weight and root/shoot ratio of wheat in evolution, significantly. Root system growth has an adverse redundancy for WUE in wheat evolution, and the root redundancy reduces with the increase of ploidy chromosomes, which result in the increase of wheat WUE at展开更多
Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. （Fabaceae） is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the dis- t...Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. （Fabaceae） is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the dis- tribution of one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings to different groundwater depths in controlled plots. The eco- logical adaptability of the root systems of A. sparsifolia seedlings was examined using the artificial digging method. Results showed that： （1） A. sparsifolia seedlings adapted to an increase in groundwater depth mainly through increasing the penetration depth and growth rate of vertical roots. The vertical roots grew rapidly when soil moisture content reached 3%-9%, but slowly when soil moisture content was 13%-20%. The vertical roots stopped growing when soil moisture content reached 30% （the critical soil moisture point）. （2） The morphological plasticity of roots is an important strategy used by A. sparsifolia seedlings to obtain water and adapt to dry soil conditions. When the groundwater table was shallow, horizontal roots quickly expanded and tillering increased in order to compete for light resources, whereas when the groundwater table was deeper, vertical roots developed quickly to exploit space in the deeper soil layers. （3） The decrease in groundwater depth was probably respon- sible for the root distribution in the shallow soil layers. Root biomass and surface area both decreased with soil depth. One strategy of A. sparsifolia seedlings in dealing with the increase in groundwater depth is to increase root biomass in the deep soil layers. The relationship between the root growth/distribution of A. sparsifolia and the depth of groundwater table can be used as guidance for harvesting A. sparsifolia biomass and managing water resources for forage grasses. It is also of ecological significance as it reveals how desert plants adapt to arid environments.展开更多
Root growth traits for different wheat types varied during the growth cycle. The root system of 93 Zhong 6, which is a dwarf, big-ear variety, reached its highest density at anthesis, while the root density of Zhoumai...Root growth traits for different wheat types varied during the growth cycle. The root system of 93 Zhong 6, which is a dwarf, big-ear variety, reached its highest density at anthesis, while the root density of Zhoumai 13, a medium-type variety, demonsrated its highest value during the node elongation stage and decreased rapidly at later growth stages, which resulted in lower yield. The root density of Zhongyu 6 and 98 Zhong 18, high yield potential, multiple ears varieties, did not show observable variation in their root systems during their growth cycles.展开更多
In order to improve the level of multi-functional and automatic observation of crop root system growth,a soil column monitoring system was designed to facilitate in situ dynamic monitoring of root growth and water con...In order to improve the level of multi-functional and automatic observation of crop root system growth,a soil column monitoring system was designed to facilitate in situ dynamic monitoring of root growth and water consumption.The system consists of 20 plastic tubular backfill soil columns,each with an inner diameter of 32 cm and height of 300 cm.The crops were planted at the top of the soil column with the surrounding leveled with the ground surface and the site is in a greenhouse.The underground portion of the soil column contains small round windows on the tube through which root growth can be monitored,roots can be pruned and soil samples can be obtained.A multiport serial weighing system was designed and placed at the base of the soil column.Twenty electronic balances were connected to the personal computer through three CP-168U multiport serial cards and RS-232 serial cables.The host software was developed on the browser/server(Browser/Server),and data collection and remote data transmission and data sharing were implemented using the Java programming language and applying Internet data transmission technology and Web application technology.System tests showed a relatively good stability and real-time capability,and with accuracy up to 50 g and the evapotranspiration of each soil column was 0.25-0.65 kg per day.The root-system observation system developed in this study surpassed the traditional method of root-digging sampling and thus provided an alternative that could be used to automatically monitor the root system growth status.展开更多
为探讨不同埋干深度对嫁接楸树根系生长特性的影响,选用无性系楸树品种中的中豫楸1号作为试验研究对象,共设置8,16,24,32,40 cm 5个埋干深度小组,对各个埋干深度小组楸树苗的苗高、直径、根系数量、根系长度、根系生物量数据进行测定。...为探讨不同埋干深度对嫁接楸树根系生长特性的影响,选用无性系楸树品种中的中豫楸1号作为试验研究对象,共设置8,16,24,32,40 cm 5个埋干深度小组,对各个埋干深度小组楸树苗的苗高、直径、根系数量、根系长度、根系生物量数据进行测定。结果发现,不同埋干深度处理小组间的粗根、中根和细根的数量和长度之间差异不显著(P<0.05),但是随着埋干深度的加深,楸树苗粗根的生物量呈递减趋势,以埋干深度为24 cm组的生物量最高;不同埋干处理小组的粗根、中根、细根的生物量主要集中在0~40 cm的嫁接根下根桩范围;随着埋干深度的不断加深,深层土壤中的生物量则越少。展开更多
以浙北、闽北和赣南3个木荷有代表性的种源作为试验材料,通过人工控制施氮来研究氮沉降对林地贫瘠土壤上木荷幼苗生长和氮磷效率的影响。实验分为4个处理组,分别人工喷施NH4NO3溶液0、50、100和200 kg N hm-.2a-1。结果表明:氮沉降对木...以浙北、闽北和赣南3个木荷有代表性的种源作为试验材料,通过人工控制施氮来研究氮沉降对林地贫瘠土壤上木荷幼苗生长和氮磷效率的影响。实验分为4个处理组,分别人工喷施NH4NO3溶液0、50、100和200 kg N hm-.2a-1。结果表明:氮沉降对木荷幼苗生长产生了不同程度的促进作用。木荷幼苗根系干物质重、总长、平均直径、根总表面积和总体积增加了33%—73%,其中>0.5mm直径的根系生长最为显著,根系呈粗壮舒张型。随氮水平的提高,氮磷吸收效率与根系总长、根系体积、根系平均直径和总表面积相关性增强。在中氮水平下,木荷幼苗根系氮吸收效率受>0.5mm根长的作用显著,而磷吸收效率与≤0.5mm,0.5—1.0mm和≥1.0mm 3种直径根系根长均显著相关。木荷种源间差异显著,福建建瓯种源根系发达,氮磷的利用效率更高,低氮水平对其根系生长促进作用显著;浙江杭州种源在低氮水平下,地上部分生长促进作用显著,苗高和地径较对照分别增长34%和26%,而根系生长发育迟缓,对氮素响应迟钝;低氮促进江西信丰种源整体增长,但随氮水平提高,地下部生长抑制加强。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the State Major Basic Research Development Program of China(Grnat No. G19990ll708)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30170559).
文摘Raising crop water use efficiency (WUE) is the physiological basis to implement crop high efficiently using water. The present soil column and field experiments are designed to investigate the change of wheat WUE (Triticum aestivum L.) at whole plant level and root system growth in evolution and the relationship between WUE and its root system growth using 10 wheat evolution genotypes with different ploidy chromosomes sets. Results show that in wheat evolution from 2n→6n, WUE at whole plant level increases with the increase of ploidy chromosomes, and root system growth (root weight, root length) and root/shoot ratio of wheat decrease with the increase of ploidy chromosomes under dry and irrigated conditions. WUE is negatively correlated with root weight and root/shoot ratio of wheat in evolution, significantly. Root system growth has an adverse redundancy for WUE in wheat evolution, and the root redundancy reduces with the increase of ploidy chromosomes, which result in the increase of wheat WUE at
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-316)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070477,30870471)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XBBS201105)
文摘Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. （Fabaceae） is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the dis- tribution of one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings to different groundwater depths in controlled plots. The eco- logical adaptability of the root systems of A. sparsifolia seedlings was examined using the artificial digging method. Results showed that： （1） A. sparsifolia seedlings adapted to an increase in groundwater depth mainly through increasing the penetration depth and growth rate of vertical roots. The vertical roots grew rapidly when soil moisture content reached 3%-9%, but slowly when soil moisture content was 13%-20%. The vertical roots stopped growing when soil moisture content reached 30% （the critical soil moisture point）. （2） The morphological plasticity of roots is an important strategy used by A. sparsifolia seedlings to obtain water and adapt to dry soil conditions. When the groundwater table was shallow, horizontal roots quickly expanded and tillering increased in order to compete for light resources, whereas when the groundwater table was deeper, vertical roots developed quickly to exploit space in the deeper soil layers. （3） The decrease in groundwater depth was probably respon- sible for the root distribution in the shallow soil layers. Root biomass and surface area both decreased with soil depth. One strategy of A. sparsifolia seedlings in dealing with the increase in groundwater depth is to increase root biomass in the deep soil layers. The relationship between the root growth/distribution of A. sparsifolia and the depth of groundwater table can be used as guidance for harvesting A. sparsifolia biomass and managing water resources for forage grasses. It is also of ecological significance as it reveals how desert plants adapt to arid environments.
文摘Root growth traits for different wheat types varied during the growth cycle. The root system of 93 Zhong 6, which is a dwarf, big-ear variety, reached its highest density at anthesis, while the root density of Zhoumai 13, a medium-type variety, demonsrated its highest value during the node elongation stage and decreased rapidly at later growth stages, which resulted in lower yield. The root density of Zhongyu 6 and 98 Zhong 18, high yield potential, multiple ears varieties, did not show observable variation in their root systems during their growth cycles.
基金the National Science&Technology Supporting Plan(2011BAD29B08,2012BAH29B04-02)the“111”Project(B12007).
文摘In order to improve the level of multi-functional and automatic observation of crop root system growth,a soil column monitoring system was designed to facilitate in situ dynamic monitoring of root growth and water consumption.The system consists of 20 plastic tubular backfill soil columns,each with an inner diameter of 32 cm and height of 300 cm.The crops were planted at the top of the soil column with the surrounding leveled with the ground surface and the site is in a greenhouse.The underground portion of the soil column contains small round windows on the tube through which root growth can be monitored,roots can be pruned and soil samples can be obtained.A multiport serial weighing system was designed and placed at the base of the soil column.Twenty electronic balances were connected to the personal computer through three CP-168U multiport serial cards and RS-232 serial cables.The host software was developed on the browser/server(Browser/Server),and data collection and remote data transmission and data sharing were implemented using the Java programming language and applying Internet data transmission technology and Web application technology.System tests showed a relatively good stability and real-time capability,and with accuracy up to 50 g and the evapotranspiration of each soil column was 0.25-0.65 kg per day.The root-system observation system developed in this study surpassed the traditional method of root-digging sampling and thus provided an alternative that could be used to automatically monitor the root system growth status.
文摘为探讨不同埋干深度对嫁接楸树根系生长特性的影响,选用无性系楸树品种中的中豫楸1号作为试验研究对象,共设置8,16,24,32,40 cm 5个埋干深度小组,对各个埋干深度小组楸树苗的苗高、直径、根系数量、根系长度、根系生物量数据进行测定。结果发现,不同埋干深度处理小组间的粗根、中根和细根的数量和长度之间差异不显著(P<0.05),但是随着埋干深度的加深,楸树苗粗根的生物量呈递减趋势,以埋干深度为24 cm组的生物量最高;不同埋干处理小组的粗根、中根、细根的生物量主要集中在0~40 cm的嫁接根下根桩范围;随着埋干深度的不断加深,深层土壤中的生物量则越少。
文摘以浙北、闽北和赣南3个木荷有代表性的种源作为试验材料,通过人工控制施氮来研究氮沉降对林地贫瘠土壤上木荷幼苗生长和氮磷效率的影响。实验分为4个处理组,分别人工喷施NH4NO3溶液0、50、100和200 kg N hm-.2a-1。结果表明:氮沉降对木荷幼苗生长产生了不同程度的促进作用。木荷幼苗根系干物质重、总长、平均直径、根总表面积和总体积增加了33%—73%,其中>0.5mm直径的根系生长最为显著,根系呈粗壮舒张型。随氮水平的提高,氮磷吸收效率与根系总长、根系体积、根系平均直径和总表面积相关性增强。在中氮水平下,木荷幼苗根系氮吸收效率受>0.5mm根长的作用显著,而磷吸收效率与≤0.5mm,0.5—1.0mm和≥1.0mm 3种直径根系根长均显著相关。木荷种源间差异显著,福建建瓯种源根系发达,氮磷的利用效率更高,低氮水平对其根系生长促进作用显著;浙江杭州种源在低氮水平下,地上部分生长促进作用显著,苗高和地径较对照分别增长34%和26%,而根系生长发育迟缓,对氮素响应迟钝;低氮促进江西信丰种源整体增长,但随氮水平提高,地下部生长抑制加强。
