Clonal propagation of mastic tree(Pistacia lentiscus var.chia Duham.) in outdoor beds using different rootstock and grafting techniques

We assessed different rootstocks and grafting techniques to clonally propagate mastic tree （Pistacia lentiscus var. chia）. Mastic tree is a dioecious tree but the quantity and quality of the resin secreted by female trees are very low; therefore, male trees that are clonally propagated are used to establish commercial plantations for mastic production. Conventional long branch cuttings for clonal production requires too much materials and has a very low rooting rate. Rooting with tissue culture and green cuttings has also failed outdoors. Grafting of mastic on other Pistacia species has not been tried so far; therefore, this study was aimed at developing grafting methods for the clonal propagation of mastic. P. atlantica and P. lentiscus rootstocks were grafted from 15 February to 15 October every 15 days using three grafting methods and a two-factor randomized block trial design. Early spring （15 February-15 March） proved to be the best time for grafting using either of the rootstocks. The highest grafting success was attained using the scions grafted on P. atlantica from 15 February to 15 March. The best bud-burst percentage was obtained using P. atlantica and P. lentiscus rootstocks.

Effects of Different Rootstocks on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Cucumber in Early Spring

Different pumpkin rootstocks were used to study the effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of greenhouse cucumber in early spring. The results showed that the grafted cucumber could significantly improve the production, and different rootstock had a certain effect on the survival rate and fruit quality. Jinhuanghou and Fengyijiajiewang as rootstock had the highest survival rate, which were 79.0% and 70.7%, respectively. As rootstocks of greenhouse cucumber, Jinhuanghou, Lvzhoujuxing, Fengyi, Huofenghuang, and Dawei No.17 were better than others according to taste, and Heizinangua, Jinhuanghou, Fengyi, Huofenghuang, and Dawei No. 17 were better according to output.

Effect of Time, Cultivar and Rootstock on Success of Rose Propagation through Stenting Technique

An experiment was undertaken to study the effects of two grafting times (1st of June and end of September) as well as kind of rootstock on growth and rooting of rose stentlings. Two Rosa species i.e. R. canina and R. manetti were selected as rootstock and three different hybrid tea rose cultivars namely Avalanch, Peach Avalanch and Dolcevita were grafted on them as scion through omega and splice techniques. The growth parameters were collected 57 days after grafting. The highest average of rooting, healing percentage, numbers of root, shoot and leaves were seen in September grafted plants. In overall Rosa canina was the best rootstock for Avalanch cultivar. Other observations did not lead to any prominent result as it varied with time of grafting, scion and rootstock cultivars.

Role of Grafting Technique on the Success of Stenting Propagation of Two Rose (<i>Rosa</i>sp.) Varieties

The influence of two grafting techniques on the success of stenting (simultaneous cutting and grafting) and some ensuing growth parameters of stentlings were studied under glasshouse conditions. The Avalanch and Peach Avalanch glasshouse rose varieties were utilized as scion and grafted on R. manetti as rootstock. Two grafting techniques namely, splice and omega grafting methods were practiced and graft combinations were inserted in cocopeat-perlit (1:2) medium under mist system. The number of roots, longest root size, shoots and leaf numbers and successful grafting percentage were evaluated after grafting. In Avalanch/R. manetti and Peach Avalanch/R. manetti combinations, higher percentage of successful grafting was observed in the stentlings propagated via omega grafting technique. Furthermore Avalanch/R. manetti stentlings prepared by omega grafting were found to produce more number of roots, shoots and leaves and longest root size as compared to those propagated through splice grafting method. In case of Peach Avalanch/R. manetti combinations propagated via omega grafting more number of shoots was observed as compared to those propagated by splice method. However, these were not significantly different with respect to their leaf numbers. The results showed the superiority of omega grafting procedure.

不同砧木嫁接对金冠王甜瓜生长及品质的影响

以薄皮甜瓜金冠王为接穗,强势、伊丽莎白、勇士和强力为砧木进行嫁接,自根苗作为对照(CK),调查嫁接后甜瓜植株生长、果实产量及品质等指标并进行比较分析,采用主成分分析法进行综合评价,以期筛选出适宜薄皮甜瓜金冠王嫁接的砧木品种。各项指标调查与分析结果表明,勇士嫁接苗的株高、子蔓数和节间数显著高于自根苗,与CK相比,强势嫁接苗单果质量显著升高46.65%,强势、伊丽莎白和勇士嫁接苗每667 m^(2)产量分别显著提高24.54%、10.36%、19.96%,强势、勇士、强力嫁接苗的维生素C含量分别显著升高44.48%、82.23%、89.25%。主成分分析结果表明,强势和勇士2个砧木的嫁接苗表现最好,适宜作为金冠王的嫁接砧木。

Effects of Different Rootstocks on Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Watermelon

[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of different rootstocks on plant growth and fruit quality of watermelon. [Methods] The scions of two different watermelon varieties Qianmei No. 1,which has yellow flesh,and Qianli No. 1,which has red flesh,were grafted onto six different rootstocks of Lagenaria and Citrullus. Then,the seedling survival rate,growth potential and fruit quality in different rootstock-scion combinations were investigated.[Results]Rootstock type showed an extremely significant correlation with the survival rate of grafted watermelon plants. The watermelons grafted onto Lagenaria rootstocks had higher survival rate and better fruit quality than those onto Cucurbita rootstocks. Among them,Jingxinzhenguan was more suitable for red-fleshed watermelon variety,and bottle gourd rootstock was more suitable for yellow-fleshed watermelon variety. There were significant correlations between rootstock type and the number of leaves,the number of branches and the length of main vine of grafted plants. The number of leaves per seedling of all grafted plants was higher than that of non-grafted plants. There were no significant differences in sugar content at the center part of flesh and total soluble sugar content of fruit between the grafted and non-grafted watermelons. In addition,the interaction between rootstock type and watermelon variety had no significant effect on vegetative growth and fruit quality of grafted watermelon. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the grafting of watermelon.

不同砧木嫁接对薄皮甜瓜抗性·品质及产量的影响

为研究不同类型砧木嫁接对薄皮甜瓜的影响,分别采用南瓜砧(日本雪松)、厚皮甜瓜砧(甬砧9号)、薄皮甜瓜砧(绿皮梨瓜自交系63号)作砧木嫁接薄皮甜瓜自交系,研究不同类型砧木嫁接对薄皮甜瓜抗逆性、品质和产量的影响。结果表明,南瓜砧(日本雪松)嫁接苗的耐湿性和抗病性较好,果实可溶性固形物含量为14.30%,果实口感差,成熟后易产生发酵果;厚皮甜瓜砧(甬砧9号)嫁接保湿期砧木易腐烂,成活后抗病性较好,可溶性固形物含量为15.10%,产量最高,为41 950.5 kg/hm^(2);薄皮甜瓜砧耐湿性好,枯萎病抗性较差,可溶性固形物含量为15.30%,且果实肉质变细嫩,风味好,但产量最低。

2种砧木嫁接对山核桃幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

本文开展了2种砧木嫁接山核桃幼苗的生长及光合特性比较分析,为筛选更适宜的山核桃嫁接砧木提供参考。结果表明:以薄壳山核桃为砧木的山核桃嫁接苗成活率达到90.26%,极显著高于湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗;湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗苗高、地径、叶片数等指标极显著高于薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗。2种砧木嫁接的山核桃苗P_(n)存在极显著差异,G_(s)存在显著差异,C_(i)、T_(r)、WUE等各指标值差异不显著,qP、NPQ及F_(v)/F_(m)存在极显著差异。湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗P_(n)与G_(s)呈显著性正相关,而薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗P_(n)与G_(s)呈负相关。薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗成活率显著高于湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗,但湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗长势更好。薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗P_(n)显著高于湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗,光合能力较强,蒸腾速率较高,水分利用率高,且薄壳山核桃砧木嫁接苗耗散过剩光能热量、适应干旱天气能力较强,具有较高的光保护能力,在育苗中应保证充足的光照及水分供给;而湖南山核桃砧木嫁接苗苗期建议搭建遮阳网进行适度遮蔽。

不同类型砧木嫁接对西瓜果实品质的影响

采用南瓜和葫芦两种不同的砧木材料,分别与西瓜品种嫁接,对比嫁接和不嫁接处理,研究了不同类型砧木嫁接对西瓜果实品质的影响。结果表明,不同砧木嫁接对西瓜产量、植株生长发育和果实品质均有显著影响,南瓜砧木嫁接能够显著提高西瓜的产量和果实品质,增加果实中番茄红素和可溶性糖含量,同时改善植株的根系发育和矿质营养吸收。该研究可为西瓜高效栽培提供理论依据和技术指导。

伊藤杂种牡丹嫁接繁殖试验研究

伊藤杂种牡丹以其植株健壮、长势旺、抗性强、茎秆挺拔、花色丰富、花型多样而成为花卉的“新宠”,为了提高伊藤杂种牡丹的嫁接繁殖效率,本研究进行了采用不同砧木、不同嫁接方法、不同绑扎方法的嫁接对比试验。试验结果表明:采用赤芍根为砧木和‘凤丹’为砧木对嫁接成活率影响不大,采用劈接法比采用贴接法嫁接成活率高约5%,采用塑料膜绑扎比采用麻绳绑扎嫁接成活率高约7.5%。使用贴接法嫁接处理的伊藤杂种牡丹成活率最低,使用塑料膜嫁接处理的伊藤杂种牡丹成活率最高。

不同砧木对西瓜断根嫁接苗生长发育的影响

为了筛选适合西瓜断根嫁接的砧木,以早佳(8424)西瓜为接穗,其自根苗为对照,以杂交南瓜京欣砧2号、瓠瓜亲抗水瓜和野生西瓜勇士为砧木,研究了不同砧木对西瓜断根嫁接苗生长发育和根系形态的影响。结果表明,3种砧木断根西瓜嫁接苗之间砧穗疏导能力均无显著差异,但京欣砧2号砧木断根嫁接成活率最高,为89.9%。与自根苗相比,3种砧木断根嫁接苗均提高了植株的株高、茎粗、根冠比、壮苗指数和叶绿素相对含量,京欣砧2号砧木壮苗指数显著高于亲抗水瓜和勇士砧木,且京欣砧2号砧木断根西瓜嫁接苗具有更好的根系形态和更强的根系活力。综上所述,西瓜断根嫁接采用京欣砧2号作为砧木效果最佳,适宜在生产上推广应用。

不同砧木对小果型西瓜苏梦6号的嫁接适宜性评价

为筛选出最适宜嫁接苏梦6号的砧木,以苏梦6号为接穗,10个南瓜砧木、8个葫芦砧木和1个西瓜砧木为试验对象,进行了不同砧木农艺指标,以及不同砧木嫁接苏梦6号成活率、产量及品质的比较,并通过主成分分析法对上述指标进行了分析,得到不同砧木嫁接苏梦6号的适宜性评价综合得分及其排名。结果表明:在砧木苗期农艺指标方面,以壮苗指数、根冠比和叶绿素含量为依据,南瓜砧木优于葫芦砧木和西瓜砧木;在嫁接成活率方面,葫芦砧木优于南瓜砧木和西瓜砧木;在单瓜重和小区产量方面,南瓜砧木优于葫芦砧木和西瓜砧木;在中心糖含量方面,葫芦砧木和西瓜砧木优于南瓜砧木;主成分分析及其综合排名发现:排名前5位的均为南瓜砧木,分别为金妈妈砧西316、日本雪松、强根1号、思壮12号、黑武士,表明苏梦6号更适宜选用南瓜砧木嫁接。

油茶无性系‘赣兴48’嫁接亲和性研究

以油茶优良无性系‘赣兴48’为接穗,研究‘白皮中子’和‘赣永5’砧木与‘赣兴48’苗期的嫁接亲和性。结果表明:2种砧木嫁接苗的成活率均高于90%,未有明显差异。‘白皮中子’砧木嫁接苗的一年生根系生长表现优于‘赣永5’砧木嫁接苗,但‘赣永5’砧木嫁接苗地上部分及二年生根系生长较好,其中叶片数(4.01片)、二年生苗高(27.53 cm)及粗根体积(33.41 cm^(3))显著高于‘白皮中子’砧木嫁接苗;并且其二年生根系生长参数的降幅较小。2种砧木嫁接苗可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白均呈先下降后上升变化,过氧化物酶活性在嫁接后20 d达到峰值;嫁接后期,‘白皮中子’砧木嫁接苗的过氧化物酶活性显著高于‘赣永5’砧木嫁接苗。综合存活率、地上部分及根系生长情况,以‘赣兴48’为接穗,‘赣永5’的嫁接亲和性较‘白皮中子’强。

不同砧木嫁接对番茄抗性及果实品质的影响

为探讨不同砧木嫁接对番茄抗性、产量和品质的影响,将8个不同番茄砧木品种与接穗品种南国红1号进行嫁接,对砧木嫁接成活率、田间抗病性、果实产量及品质进行统计与调查。试验结果表明,砧木勇士6号的综合抗病性最好,对青枯病和枯萎病均表现为高抗;各砧木的嫁接成活率均高于90%,与南国红1号的亲和性较好;单株产量以勇士6号、T1-134和宝砧5号的较大;不同砧木对果实品质的影响规律不同,其中健壮23号嫁接的番茄果实品质相比其他品种有所提升。综合评价认为,勇士6号可作为南国红1号嫁接砧木在福建地区嫁接番茄生产上应用。

4种糖类对西瓜嫁接苗生长及砧木萌蘖的影响

用D-核糖、山梨糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖4种糖溶液,在嫁接后10 d对葫芦砧西瓜嫁接苗均匀喷雾,研究4种糖溶液对嫁接苗生长及葫芦侧芽萌蘖的抑制效果。结果表明:4种糖溶液喷雾处理均能显著降低砧木侧芽萌发率和平均叶面积;在处理后14、28 d,葡萄糖处理的接穗株高、叶绿素含量均最高,D-核糖处理与对照无显著性差异,山梨糖处理效果最差。用葡萄糖溶液对葫芦砧西瓜嫁接苗喷雾,不仅能抑制砧木侧芽萌蘖,也能促进嫁接苗生长。

蔬菜嫁接用砧木苗位置纠偏机构试验研究

茄果类蔬菜砧木苗由于播种偏差和生长差异导致砧木苗中心偏移穴盘中心,可能在自动嫁接作业时对砧木苗造成损伤。为此,设计了一种砧木苗位置纠偏机构,通过1对拢苗手和砧木推板对砧木进行全方位约束,实现对砧木位置的纠偏。为了考察砧木苗位置纠偏机构对嫁接苗体的损伤情况,进行了砧木位置纠偏对嫁接苗体的损伤试验。结果表明:纠偏机构可以实现砧木苗偏移穴盘中心点4mm范围内的纠偏;当砧木苗向前偏移时,砧木苗位置纠偏机构“搂”回偏移的嫁接苗体的损伤率为4.9%;当砧木苗向后偏移时,砧木苗位置纠偏机构“推”出偏移的嫁接苗体的损伤率12.3%;当拢苗手和砧木推板的缓冲材料使用EVA缓冲时,没有嫁接苗体损伤;当拢苗手和砧木推板的缓冲材料使用0.3mm塑料薄膜缓冲时,嫁接苗体的损伤率为4.9%;当拢苗手和砧木推板没有缓冲材料时,嫁接苗体的损伤率为6.17%。

湖南夏秋苦瓜嫁接砧木品种筛选

引进3个丝瓜品种,4个南瓜品种为砧木,兰山苦瓜为接穗,研究不同砧木对苦瓜抗病性、产量、品质的影响,并从中筛选出适合本地苦瓜嫁接的夏秋季砧木品种。结果显示,雪松南瓜砧木嫁接存活率为75.33%,恢复性好,高抗枯萎病,夏季产量为25 439.40 kg/hm^(2),全季产量达38 332.50 kg/hm^(2);好棒美丝瓜砧木嫁接存活率67.00%,恢复性较好,高抗枯萎病,品质优,全季产量达41 874.30 kg/hm^(2);黑籽丝瓜砧木嫁接存活率75.00%,恢复性较好,高抗枯萎病,品质优,夏季产量18 615.90 kg/hm^(2),全季产量达40 373.55 kg/hm^(2),且夏秋两季产量均衡。综合各项数据认为,在湖南地区,雪松南瓜作为苦瓜砧木适宜在春夏季生产推广应用;好棒美丝瓜砧木适合秋季低温苦瓜砧木生产推广应用;黑籽丝瓜砧木适合长季节苦瓜砧木栽培推广。适合在湖南地区推广应用的苦瓜砧木:雪松南瓜砧木适宜在春夏季生产推广应用;好棒美丝瓜砧木适合秋季低温生产推广应用;黑籽丝瓜砧木适合长季节生产栽培推广。

不同茄子砧木对大龙长茄生长发育及抗虫性的影响

近年来茄子的栽培面积不断增加,病、虫害的发生也不断增多,影响到茄子的产量和品质,而嫁接茄子从产量、品质、抗病虫害等方面均优于普通茄子。为了筛选茄子嫁接的优良砧木,以大龙长茄做接穗,选用托鲁巴姆、圆茄、线茄3个品种做砧木,从嫁接成活率、根颈粗、根系面积、茎粗、叶面积、抗虫性等方面进行了试验研究。结果表明,以托鲁巴姆为砧木,嫁接成活率最高,为100%,根颈较粗,根系面积较大,叶面积最大,叶数最多,株高最高,单株最重,最抗白粉虱,死苗率最低,建议在茄子栽培生产中推广应用。

嫁接机作业质量监测试验研究

嫁接作业质量监测是提高茄果类嫁接机作业成功率的重要技术手段。为此,采用机器视觉的方法对嫁接过程中番茄嫁接苗的倾斜角度、弯曲角度、有无接穗等信息进行检测,以此为基础来判断嫁接苗的作业质量,进而为嫁接机嫁接作业和生产质量管理提供信息。试验结果表明:针对嫁接苗倾斜角度、弯曲角度,机器视觉测量相对人工测量的最大角度误差不超过2.15°;针对试验所选180株嫁接苗判断合格与否,与人工判断对比,视觉判断成功率为92.2%,故提出的方法可以对番茄嫁接苗的特征信息进行有效识别。此检测方法还可以调整相关参数,用于其他贴接类嫁接苗的作业质量特征识别应用。

冷等离子体处理对饲用苦瓜嫁接苗成活率的影响

为探讨冷等离子体种子处理技术对饲用苦瓜嫁接苗成活率及后期长势的影响,通过冷等离子体技术对饲用苦瓜砧穗组合进行处理,研究了冷等离子体种子处理对饲用苦瓜砧穗组合的伤面愈合、成活率、长势、抗性和商品性等的影响,调查隔离层和愈伤组织形成的天数、处理后饲用苦瓜砧穗组合的成活率和生长量数据、饲用苦瓜嫁接苗定植成活率、饲用苦瓜抗病情况及饲用苦瓜果肉厚度的情况,并进行数据分析。结果表明,合适工艺处理砧穗组合可以缩短愈合时间1~2 d,接穗成活率显著提高,接穗生长量提高1.17%~7.62%,果皮厚度增加1.75%~8.77%。该处理方式克服了现有饲用苦瓜嫁接苗伤口愈合慢、伤口二次感染等缺陷,定植后植株发病率降低、抗逆性增强及商品性提高,因此具有良好的使用和推广价值。