Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to...Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to rats and mice(n=6)during hot plate,tail-flick,acetic acid-induced writhing,and formalin tests to determine its analgesic efficacy.The anti-inflammatory activity of C.coggygria extracts was evaluated by histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,cotton pellet-induced granuloma,and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary dye leakage tests.Results:C.coggygria extracts(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly alleviated thermal and chemical-induced pain in rodents(P<0.05).It also demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties by mitigating histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,granuloma deposits,and vascular permeability(P<0.05).Moreover,C.coggygria extracts remarkably reduced TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,COX-2,and oxidative stress in rat paws(P<0.05).Carrageenan-induced histological aberrations in hind paw tissues were effectively(P<0.05)mitigated by treatment with C.coggygria extracts.Conclusions:C.coggygria Scop.extracts show analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of COX-2 and inflammatory and oxidative mediators.展开更多
本文以高效机房系统性能系数(SCOP,System Coefficient of Performance)的计算公式为依据,围绕如何提高SCOP进行了相关技术讨论。文章介绍了在冷水机组选型时,选择高COP的单机,并在其高COP的负荷段运行的原因。同时详细分析了如何从冷...本文以高效机房系统性能系数(SCOP,System Coefficient of Performance)的计算公式为依据,围绕如何提高SCOP进行了相关技术讨论。文章介绍了在冷水机组选型时,选择高COP的单机,并在其高COP的负荷段运行的原因。同时详细分析了如何从冷水机组获得更多的冷量,以及降低冷量制备和输配中的电功率消耗,从而完美地实现了打造高效机房的目的。展开更多
North American lake cress, Rorippa aquatica (Eaton) EJ Palmer & Steyermark (Brassicaceae), is listed as an endangered or threatened species. Lake cress shows heterophyllic changes in leaf form in response to the s...North American lake cress, Rorippa aquatica (Eaton) EJ Palmer & Steyermark (Brassicaceae), is listed as an endangered or threatened species. Lake cress shows heterophyllic changes in leaf form in response to the surrounding environment. Therefore, this species has received considerable attention from ecological and morphological perspectives. However, its phylogenetic position and taxonomic status have long been a subject of debate. To analyze the phylogenetic relationship of lake cress, we investigated chloroplast DNA sequences from 17 plant species. The results of phylogenetic reconstruction performed using trnL intron, trnG (GCC)-trnM (CAU), and psbC-trnS (UGA) indicated that lake cress is a member of Rorippa. Moreover, we found that the chromosome number of lake cress is 2n = 30. This result indicated that lake cress might have originated from aneuploidy of triploid species or via intergeneric crossing. Taken together, our results suggest an affinity between lake cress and Rorippa at the molecular level, indicating that lake cress should be treated as Rorippa aquatica (Eaton) EJ Palmer & Steyermark.展开更多
Polyploids contribute substantially to plant evolution and biodiversity;however,the mechanisms by which they succeed are still unclear.According to the polyploid adaptation hypothesis,successful polyploids spread by r...Polyploids contribute substantially to plant evolution and biodiversity;however,the mechanisms by which they succeed are still unclear.According to the polyploid adaptation hypothesis,successful polyploids spread by repeated adaptive responses to new environments.Here,we tested this hypothesis using two tetraploid yellowcresses(Rorippa),the endemic Rorippa elata and the widespread Rorippa palustris,in the temperate biodiversity hotspot of the Hengduan Mountains.Speciation modes were resolved by phylogenetic modeling using 12 low-copy nuclear loci.Phylogeographical patterns were then examined using haplotypes phased from four plastid and ITS markers,coupled with historical niche reconstruction by ecological niche modeling.We inferred the time of hybrid origins for both species as the mid-Pleistocene,with shared glacial refugia within the southern Hengduan Mountains.Phylogeographic and ecological niche reconstruction indicated recurrent northward colonization by both species after speciation,possibly tracking denuded habitats created by glacial retreat during interglacial periods.Common garden experiment involving perennial R.elata conducted over two years revealed significant changes in fitness-related traits across source latitudes or altitudes,including latitudinal increases in survival rate and compactness of plant architecture,suggesting gradual adaptation during range expansion.These findings support the polyploid adaptation hypothesis and suggest that the spread of polyploids was aided by adaptive responses to environmental changes during the Pleistocene.Our results thus provide insight into the evolutionary success of polyploids in high-altitude environments.展开更多
The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six ...The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six important dry fruits （kernel-using apricot）, is cultivated for its edible seeds in North China. In the present study, DNA from 70 individuals of A rmeniaca, including 38 of A. cathayana, 18 ofA. vulgaris, 12 ofA. sibirica, 1 ofA. dasycarpa and 1 of A. mume, was extracted and analyzed using microsatellites and capillary electrophoresis. For 20 polymorphic loci selected, 339 alleles and 140.7 effective alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28, with an average of 16.95 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） and the expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.427 to 0.971 and from 0.737 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.708 to0.905, with an average of 0.827. Based on the genetic similarity among 70 individuals, a UPGMA was used to establish the phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic positions among five species were clearly revealed, and A. cathayana was more closely related to A. vulgaris than to A. sibirica. The results will provide a scientific basis for research on the taxonomy, germplasm resources and breeding ofArmeniaca, especially for A. cathayana.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the biological characteristics and culture conditions of Hericium coralloides(Scop.)Pers.[Methods]The wild H.coralloides strain of Changbai Mountain was used as the experimental material to conduc...[Objectives]To study the biological characteristics and culture conditions of Hericium coralloides(Scop.)Pers.[Methods]The wild H.coralloides strain of Changbai Mountain was used as the experimental material to conduct a single factor test on its biological characteristics.[Results]The ideal available carbon source and nitrogen source are glucose and ammonium sulfate,respectively,the pH is 3.5-4.0,and the temperature is 20-22℃.Through the orthogonal experiment of 4 factors and 4 levels,it is found that the degree of influence of the 4 factors on H.coralloides is temperature>pH>nitrogen source>carbon source.[Conclusions]The optimum conditions for the mycelium culture of H.coralloides:the carbon source is glucose,and the nitrogen source is yeast extract or peptone,and pH is 3.5-4.0,and temperature is 20-22℃.展开更多
Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides.Rosebay willowherb[Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop.syn.Epilobium angustifolium L.]widely distributes in Western Asia,Europe,and North A...Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides.Rosebay willowherb[Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop.syn.Epilobium angustifolium L.]widely distributes in Western Asia,Europe,and North America,and behaves as a dominant species within the community due to the production of substances that restrict growth of other plants.This study aims at investigating the allelopathic potential of rosebay willowherb by evaluation of the effects of aqueous extracts from different parts on seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),as well as measuring the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and structural analysis of root tips via scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.It was observed that the aqueous extracts from the leaves of rosebay willowherb had the strongest inhibitory effect on the germination index,germination energy and total germination of lettuce seeds,followed by capsular fruits and flowers,and the inhibition effect of stems was the weakest.All aqueous extracts(100 mg/mL)showed a significant inhibitory effect on radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings.Additionally,after treatment with the aqueous extract of rosebay willowherb leaves,accumulation of reactive oxygen species increased in columella cells,which correlated with disruption of root tip structure.展开更多
文摘Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to rats and mice(n=6)during hot plate,tail-flick,acetic acid-induced writhing,and formalin tests to determine its analgesic efficacy.The anti-inflammatory activity of C.coggygria extracts was evaluated by histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,cotton pellet-induced granuloma,and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary dye leakage tests.Results:C.coggygria extracts(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly alleviated thermal and chemical-induced pain in rodents(P<0.05).It also demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties by mitigating histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,granuloma deposits,and vascular permeability(P<0.05).Moreover,C.coggygria extracts remarkably reduced TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,COX-2,and oxidative stress in rat paws(P<0.05).Carrageenan-induced histological aberrations in hind paw tissues were effectively(P<0.05)mitigated by treatment with C.coggygria extracts.Conclusions:C.coggygria Scop.extracts show analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of COX-2 and inflammatory and oxidative mediators.
文摘本文以高效机房系统性能系数(SCOP,System Coefficient of Performance)的计算公式为依据,围绕如何提高SCOP进行了相关技术讨论。文章介绍了在冷水机组选型时,选择高COP的单机,并在其高COP的负荷段运行的原因。同时详细分析了如何从冷水机组获得更多的冷量,以及降低冷量制备和输配中的电功率消耗,从而完美地实现了打造高效机房的目的。
文摘North American lake cress, Rorippa aquatica (Eaton) EJ Palmer & Steyermark (Brassicaceae), is listed as an endangered or threatened species. Lake cress shows heterophyllic changes in leaf form in response to the surrounding environment. Therefore, this species has received considerable attention from ecological and morphological perspectives. However, its phylogenetic position and taxonomic status have long been a subject of debate. To analyze the phylogenetic relationship of lake cress, we investigated chloroplast DNA sequences from 17 plant species. The results of phylogenetic reconstruction performed using trnL intron, trnG (GCC)-trnM (CAU), and psbC-trnS (UGA) indicated that lake cress is a member of Rorippa. Moreover, we found that the chromosome number of lake cress is 2n = 30. This result indicated that lake cress might have originated from aneuploidy of triploid species or via intergeneric crossing. Taken together, our results suggest an affinity between lake cress and Rorippa at the molecular level, indicating that lake cress should be treated as Rorippa aquatica (Eaton) EJ Palmer & Steyermark.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800177,32170224,and U1802242)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)+2 种基金T-S.H.is also supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2020391)China Scholarship Council(201804910061)CAS Light of West China Program.We acknowledge Ya-Long Guo at the Institute of Botany CAS for providing Capsella rubella seeds and revising the manuscript.
文摘Polyploids contribute substantially to plant evolution and biodiversity;however,the mechanisms by which they succeed are still unclear.According to the polyploid adaptation hypothesis,successful polyploids spread by repeated adaptive responses to new environments.Here,we tested this hypothesis using two tetraploid yellowcresses(Rorippa),the endemic Rorippa elata and the widespread Rorippa palustris,in the temperate biodiversity hotspot of the Hengduan Mountains.Speciation modes were resolved by phylogenetic modeling using 12 low-copy nuclear loci.Phylogeographical patterns were then examined using haplotypes phased from four plastid and ITS markers,coupled with historical niche reconstruction by ecological niche modeling.We inferred the time of hybrid origins for both species as the mid-Pleistocene,with shared glacial refugia within the southern Hengduan Mountains.Phylogeographic and ecological niche reconstruction indicated recurrent northward colonization by both species after speciation,possibly tracking denuded habitats created by glacial retreat during interglacial periods.Common garden experiment involving perennial R.elata conducted over two years revealed significant changes in fitness-related traits across source latitudes or altitudes,including latitudinal increases in survival rate and compactness of plant architecture,suggesting gradual adaptation during range expansion.These findings support the polyploid adaptation hypothesis and suggest that the spread of polyploids was aided by adaptive responses to environmental changes during the Pleistocene.Our results thus provide insight into the evolutionary success of polyploids in high-altitude environments.
基金financially supported by 948 Project(No.2011-4-37)Standardization Project(No.2013-LY-082) of The State Forestry Administration of China
文摘The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six important dry fruits （kernel-using apricot）, is cultivated for its edible seeds in North China. In the present study, DNA from 70 individuals of A rmeniaca, including 38 of A. cathayana, 18 ofA. vulgaris, 12 ofA. sibirica, 1 ofA. dasycarpa and 1 of A. mume, was extracted and analyzed using microsatellites and capillary electrophoresis. For 20 polymorphic loci selected, 339 alleles and 140.7 effective alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28, with an average of 16.95 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） and the expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.427 to 0.971 and from 0.737 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.708 to0.905, with an average of 0.827. Based on the genetic similarity among 70 individuals, a UPGMA was used to establish the phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic positions among five species were clearly revealed, and A. cathayana was more closely related to A. vulgaris than to A. sibirica. The results will provide a scientific basis for research on the taxonomy, germplasm resources and breeding ofArmeniaca, especially for A. cathayana.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2019GSF107063)Science and Technology Planning Project of Yantai City(2017ZH055).
文摘[Objectives]To study the biological characteristics and culture conditions of Hericium coralloides(Scop.)Pers.[Methods]The wild H.coralloides strain of Changbai Mountain was used as the experimental material to conduct a single factor test on its biological characteristics.[Results]The ideal available carbon source and nitrogen source are glucose and ammonium sulfate,respectively,the pH is 3.5-4.0,and the temperature is 20-22℃.Through the orthogonal experiment of 4 factors and 4 levels,it is found that the degree of influence of the 4 factors on H.coralloides is temperature>pH>nitrogen source>carbon source.[Conclusions]The optimum conditions for the mycelium culture of H.coralloides:the carbon source is glucose,and the nitrogen source is yeast extract or peptone,and pH is 3.5-4.0,and temperature is 20-22℃.
基金This research was funded by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China,Grant No.ZR2018BD030Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medica,Grant No.LMM2020-6.
文摘Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides.Rosebay willowherb[Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop.syn.Epilobium angustifolium L.]widely distributes in Western Asia,Europe,and North America,and behaves as a dominant species within the community due to the production of substances that restrict growth of other plants.This study aims at investigating the allelopathic potential of rosebay willowherb by evaluation of the effects of aqueous extracts from different parts on seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),as well as measuring the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and structural analysis of root tips via scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.It was observed that the aqueous extracts from the leaves of rosebay willowherb had the strongest inhibitory effect on the germination index,germination energy and total germination of lettuce seeds,followed by capsular fruits and flowers,and the inhibition effect of stems was the weakest.All aqueous extracts(100 mg/mL)showed a significant inhibitory effect on radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings.Additionally,after treatment with the aqueous extract of rosebay willowherb leaves,accumulation of reactive oxygen species increased in columella cells,which correlated with disruption of root tip structure.
