云南滇西北地区蔷薇属(Rosa L.)植物资源调查与评价

对滇西北地区蔷薇属植物的系统调查和资料整理,共记录该地区蔷薇31种;同时分析了该属植物在滇西北的分布规律及生境类型,并利用层次分析法对主要种类的园林应用、经济价值和特有种质进行评价,为保存和利用资源提供依据。

滇西北地区蔷薇属(Rosa L.)种质资源调查

对云南滇西北地区的蔷薇属种质资源进行了系统调查,根据资料整理,表明该地区有蔷薇属种质资源32种5个变种,隶属于6组6系;分析了该属植物在滇西北的垂直分布和水平规律及生境类型,对主要种类的观赏性状及利用价值进行了评价,为滇西北蔷薇属资源的保护和合理开发奠定了基础。

DNA条形码、形态学与地理分布相结合的植物果实(种子)鉴定方法——以口岸截获的外来入侵植物犬蔷薇(Rosa canina L.)为例

以单一方法鉴定物种具有参考文献(或比对数据)少、专业要求高的缺点。以新疆口岸进境货车截获的未知植物果实为例,从分子、形态、地理分布3个维度,对该未知果实逐级进行分类鉴定。根据ITS、atp F-H、psb K-I 3段植物DNA通用条形码序列,以及形态学和地理分布信息,最终确定该未知果实为原产于西亚的蔷薇科蔷薇属犬蔷薇(Rosa canina L.)。本方法简单、准确,弥补了现有单一检测鉴定技术的不足,适用于进境产品中植物果实或种子的检疫鉴定。

扶桑(Hibiscus rosa-siensis L)的离体快繁

以扶桑带嫩芽的茎段为外植体进行快繁。试验结果表明:最佳基本培养基为1/2MS;为防止褐化可加入抗坏血酸(100 mg/L);最有效诱导丛生芽的激素配比为6-BA(4.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.5mg/L);最佳诱导生根的激素配比为1/2MS+100 mg/L抗坏血酸+NAA1.0 mg/L。该技术为扶桑的规模化生产提供了技术保障。

Expression Vector Construction and Genetic Transformation of <i>Rosa rugosa β</i>-l,3-Glucanase Gene (<i>RrGlu</i>)

In order to lay a foundation for researching the function of Rosa rugose (R. rugosa) RrGlu gene, the RrGlu gene was amplified from the styles of R. rugosa “Tanghong”, a gene expression vector named PBI121-RrGlu was constructed and the vector was introduced into tobacco with the agrobacterium-mediated method. PCR results showed that the RrGlu gene was integrated into the tobacco genome.

Sterilization of <i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>L. Vegetative Explants Sourced from Plants Grown in Open Environment and Influences of Organic Ingredients on <i>In Vitro</i>Direct Regeneration

This paper reports on the effects of organic ingredients in facilitating direct shoot regeneration from nodal explants of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. This paper also compares the sterilization conditions for 3 types of explants (node, internode, and shoot tip) harvested from an open field. The optimized sterilization conditions for the explants were 40% Clorox- 20 min exposure, 10% Clorox-15 min exposure, and 5% Clorox-40 min exposure for the node, internode and shoot tip, respectively. In the direct shoot regeneration using the nodal explants, we found MS medium containing 40 g/L sucrose, 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal, and supplementations with myo-inositol, thiamine and nicotinic acid were suitable. The in vitro shoot survival rate was 30% with a mean leaf numbers of 2.68 produced, and a mean leaf length of 1.71 cm achieved after 5 weeks of culture on the modified medium.

Exogenous calcium enhances the physiological status and photosynthetic capacity of rose under drought stress

Drought(water shortage)can substantially limit the yield and economic value of rose plants(Rosa spp.).Here,we characterized the effect of exogenous calcium(Ca^(2+))on the antioxidant system and photosynthesis-related properties of rose under polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG6000)-induced drought stress.Chlorophyll levels,as well as leaf and root biomass,were significantly reduced by drought;drought also had a major effect on the enzymatic antioxidant system and increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species.Application of exogenous Ca^(2+)increased the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of leaves,enhanced water-use efficiency,and increased the length and width of stomata following exposure to drought.Organ-specific physiological responses were observed under different concentrations of Ca^(2+).Application of 5 mmol·L^(-1)Ca^(2+)promoted photosynthesis and antioxidant activity in the leaves,and application of 10 mmol·L^(-1)Ca^(2+)promoted antioxidant activity in the roots.Application of exogenous Ca^(2+)greatly enhanced the phenotype and photosynthetic capacity of potted rose plants following exposure to drought stress.Overall,our findings indicate that the application of exogenous Ca^(2+)enhances the drought resistance of roses by promoting physiological adaptation and that it could be used to aid the cultivation of rose plants.

Antimicrobial Effectiveness on Selected Bacterial Species and Alkaloid and Saponin Content of <i>Rosa nutkana</i>C. Presl (Nootka Rose) and <i>Urtica dioica</i>L. (Stinging Nettle) Extracts

Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana C. Presl) and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin infection by Indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The main objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy of extracts of Nootka rose and stinging nettle against the common pathogenic skin bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Indigenous science and standard methods of analysis. The Indigenous science method of plant extraction by steeping as advised by the Traditional Knowledge keeper was performed to examine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) by serial dilution and bacterial population counts. Soxhlet extractions and Kirby Bauer disc sensitivity testing showed that Nootka rose extracts possessed antibacterial effectiveness against all three bacterial species while stinging nettle extracts were effective against M. luteus. Results for MIC and MBC indicated antibacterial activity against M. luteus and S. aureus for the Nootka rose when using full-strength solutions;all three bacterial species exhibited growth when undiluted stinging nettle treatments were used. When considering bacterial population counts for S. aureus, results indicated that only the Nootka rose treatment offered effective inhibition. Chemical analysis showed that alkaloid percentage was greater in the stinging nettle (0.17%) than Nootka rose (0.07%), while saponin percentage was greater in the Nootka rose (0.87%) than stinging nettle (0.17%). Overall, Nootka rose showed a greater level of antibacterial effectiveness than stinging nettle by Indigenous and Western scientific methods of plant extract preparation.

GL生根剂对扶桑插条生根及碳水化合物分配的影响

用ＧＬ生根剂（ＩＢＡ１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋粉锈宁１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＰＰ３３３２ｍｇ／Ｌ）５０ｍｇ／Ｌ浸泡扶桑插条基部２４小时，提高了插条的生根率、生根数、根干重，并扩大了生根范围。插条叶光合速率高于对照８２．８％，分配到叶的１４Ｃ－光合产物比对照少，而分配到茎和不定根的光合产物高于对照。插条叶和不定根中的可溶性糖、淀粉和纤维素含量低于对照，并随处理后天数的延长逐渐减少，木质素含量增加；茎和插条基部的可溶性糖含量高于对照。

GL生根剂对扶桑插条不定根皮层细胞超微结构的影响

研究了GL生根剂对扶桑插条不定根皮层细胞超微结构的影响。GL生根剂使皮层细胞中线粒体和内质网增加，液胞、线粒体和内质网膜有局部损害．经GL生根剂处理的皮层细胞含有的淀粉粒和脂质体数目较对照皮层细胞多．该实验结果为了解GL生根剂促进不定根形成的原因提供了细胞学基础．

金樱子总黄酮的HPLC指纹图谱的初步研究

应用RP-HPLC法、KF-C18分析柱、甲醇-1%冰乙酸水二元梯度洗脱,以1.0m l/min的流速在280nm波长下,对不同时期金樱子[Rosa laevigata Michx(L.)]总黄酮的HPLC指纹图谱进行初步研究,研究结果表明,不同时期金樱子果实中总黄酮的指纹图谱有比较显著的差异,能为金樱子黄酮类化合物建立一个指纹图谱库奠定基础,也为金樱子黄酮类化合物的相关研究工作提供了一定的参考。

月季RcLEA基因表达提高大肠杆菌对非生物胁迫耐性

[目的]研究RcLEA基因在月季品种中热诱导表达模式及RcLEA基因对多种非生物胁迫耐性。[方法]将耐热和不耐热月季品种进行38℃/3h热激处理,研究RcLEA基因在月季品种的热诱导表达模式;为验证月季RcLEA基因功能,将其转化E.coliBL21,将重组菌株BL21分别置于4、50℃及LiCl、NaCl、Na2CO3、CdCl2、H2O2胁迫下,研究重组菌株对高温、低温及非生物胁迫的响应。[结果]38℃/3h热激处理后,该基因在耐热月季品种‘曼海姆宫殿’(Schloss mannieim,SM)、‘赌城’(Lasvegas,LV)中强表达,而在不耐热品种‘新十全’(Kordes Perfecta,KP)弱表达或不表达,表明该基因与月季耐热性关系密切。重组菌株提高了对高温、低温、重金属、高盐、高pH值、氧化等非生物胁迫的耐性,表明RcLEA参与了上述非生物胁迫的响应。[结论]该研究为后续该基因导入不耐热月季品种提高月季耐热品质及其机理研究提供了思路,也为月季等园林观赏植物的耐热品种筛选提供了理论支持。

The Expression of RcLEA Gene Improves Tolerance of E. coli Cells to Abiotic Stress

[Objective] This study was to reveal the heat induced expression model of RcLEA gene and its tolerance to various abiotic stresses.[Method] Heat resistant and heat sensitive varieties of Rosa hybrida L.were subjected to heat shock treatment at 38 ℃ for 3 h;then RcLEA gene from both varieties treated was cloned and transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21;finally recombinant colonies were separately cultured at 4 ℃ and 50 ℃ under the stresses of LiCl,NaCl,Na2CO3,CdCl2 and H2O2 to study the responses of recombinant E.coli strains to high temperature,low temperature and some other abiotic stresses.[Result] After heat shock treatment at 38 ℃ for 3 h,RcLEA gene expressed highly in ＇Schloss mannieim＇（SM）and ＇Las vegas＇（LV）variety,but weakly or even not expressed in ＇Kordes＇ Perfecta＇（KP）,indicating that this gene is closely related with heat resistance of R.hybrida.Compared with WT strains,recombinant clones showed higher tolerance to abiotic stresses including high temperature,low temperature,heavy metal,high salt,high pH value and oxidation,suggesting that RcLEA is concerned with the response of R.hybrida to abiotic stresses mentioned above.[Conclusion] These results provide thoughts for increasing heat resistance by introducing RcLEA into heat sensitive R.hybrida varieties and studying the heat-resistant mechanism of R.hybrida,and also provide theoretical support for selecting heat resistant variety of landscape and ornamental plants like R.hybrida.

玫瑰花 玫瑰茄 枸杞子复合发酵液化学成分的HPLC-HRMS分析

目的:研究玫瑰花、玫瑰茄及枸杞子3者复合物提取液经肠膜明串株菌肠膜亚种发酵前后化学成分的差异。方法:采用高效液相色谱-线性离子阱-静电场轨道阱质谱(HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS)技术对其复合物提取液及发酵液中化学成分进行筛选及鉴定。结果:根据所获得的精确相对分子质量,同时结合色谱保留行为、质谱裂解规律、特征碎片离子、对照品比对以及相关文献报道,共筛选鉴定了48个化学成分,包括39个有机酸、6个黄酮及3个花青素类成分。结论:玫瑰花、玫瑰茄及枸杞子3者复合物提取液发酵前后化学成分的种类和含量均发生不同程度的变化,其中苷类成分可以转化为更利于人体吸收利用的苷元类成分,可为其他发酵中药的现代研究提供借鉴思路。

Total Phenolic Compounds, Carotenoids and <i>In Vitro</i>Antioxidant Activity of Three Traditional Indigenous Medicinal Plants of Saskatchewan, Canada

Medicinal plants are an important component in Indigenous cultures. Aralia nudicaulis L., Rubus idaeus L., and Rosa arkansana Porter were analyzed for total phenolic compounds, carotenoids and antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). The samples were harvested in Saskatchewan, Canada, with the help of an Indigenous Traditional Knowledge Keeper and the analyses were performed by spectrophotometry. The results showed that total phenolic compounds amount ranged from 0.08 to 0.88 mg GAE/mg d.w. and the total carotenoid contents ranged from 0.03 to 1.26 mg/g d.w. The in vitro antioxidant activity ranged from 0.02 to 0.71 μmol TE/mg d.w. by DPPH, from 0.05 to 2.53 μmol TE/mg d.w. by FRAP, and from 0.04 to 1.06 μmol TE/mg d.w. by ABTS. Rosa arkansana leaves stood out with higher amounts of total phenolic compounds (TPC) (0.88 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g d.w.), carotenoids (TC) (1.26 ± 0.03 mg/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (TAA) by DPPH (0.71 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.), ABTS (1.06 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.) and FRAP (2.32 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.), with the same amount of Rubus idaeus belowground (2.53 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.) in last technique (2.32 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.). The first principal component describes 83.88% of the total variance and all the variables have high influence on this component (factor loadings: T = 0.976, TC = 0.735, TAA by DPPH = 0.955, FRAP = 0.894 and ABTS = 0.996), demonstrating that these samples do not have large dissimilarity. The second principal component represents 13.64% of the total variance, and the TC is the dominant variable on the second principal component (0.658). Aralia nudicaulis, Rubus idaeus, and Rosa arkansana had interesting amounts of total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and in vitro antioxidant activity. Rosa arkansana leaves and Rubus idaeus have the highest amount of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in this study. Rosa arkansana leaves are also a good source of carotenoids, and so, they have great potential health benefits and use in industry as a source of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. This study enriches the literature on medicinal plants used by Indigenous people of Saskatchewan and surrounding Canada. More studies are necessary to identify its applications, security and to assess which compounds generate the benefits reported by Traditional Knowledge Keepers.

基于靶向代谢组学分析不同花色大红花花青素的差异

【目的】大红花(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.)因花色丰富、观赏价值较高,被广泛应用于华南地区的城市绿化与园林造景中。研究大红花不同花色中花青素种类及含量的特征差异,分析大红花不同品种间代谢物特异性及共同性特征,为深入挖掘品种特性及花色定向育种提供理论和技术支撑。【方法】利用靶向代谢组学技术对白色(W)、红色(R)、黄色(Y)3种花色大红花花瓣组织中的花青素苷组成和含量进行测定,利用通路富集分析及多元统计学方法对代谢物进行功能注释、鉴定与分析。【结果】大红花W、R与Y花色中共检测出90种代谢物,其中差异代谢物共有78种,主要为矢车菊素(41.11%)、飞燕草素(20.00%)、芍药花素(13.33%)等。不同花色大红花间差异代谢物分别为62个(YvsR)、50个(YvsW)和65个(RvsW),其中共有差异代谢物22个。综合考虑各个比较组合差异显著性和绝对含量,发现矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷、天竺葵素-3-O-槐糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-龙胆二糖苷和芍药花素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量在红色花中较高;飞燕草素-3-O-(6''-O-酒石酰)葡萄糖苷、原花青素B4和原花青素B3含量在黄色花中较高。KEGG代谢通路分析发现差异代谢物在不同花色的组织中显著富集。【结论】矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷、天竺葵素-3-O-槐糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-龙胆二糖苷和芍药花素-3-O-葡萄糖苷是大红花呈红色的重要代谢物,原花青素B3是花色呈黄色的重要代谢物。该结果初步揭示大红花不同花色的代谢物差异,可为大红花花色形成机制和花色改良提供理论参考。

组学技术在蔷薇属植物研究进展

蔷薇属(Rosa)植物是目前世界上最主要的观赏植物之一,其种类丰富、花色各异、具有重要的经济、绿化及药用价值。随着测序技术和各项组学技术的不断发展,促进了蔷薇属以基因组学研究为基础,涵盖转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学及多组学的发展,为研究蔷薇属植物物种起源、遗传多样性、基因挖掘、分子机制解析、基因互作、蛋白互作等带来新的机遇。文中旨在探讨蔷薇属植物在基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、表观组学、比较基因组学等方面取得的最新研究进展,并对其发展前景进行展望,以期为分子辅助育种及分子编辑提供有益指导。

鲜花工艺品真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

将月季、石竹鲜花花茎浸泡在5.0%柠檬酸溶液中4~6 h,剪留花朵,用0.50~0.85 mm细砂包埋并在-18℃环境中预冻12 h,放入预设-30℃的冻干机中进行真空冷冻干燥。隔板温度设定从-5℃开始逐渐降温至-18℃进行升华干燥约20 h,再从-18℃逐渐升温至30℃进行解析干燥约8 h。得到的干花用10%聚乙二醇2000无水乙醇溶液进行表面喷洒处理,晾干后用不饱和树脂包埋,放入烘箱使其固化,打磨抛光可得到晶莹透亮的琥珀式鲜花工艺品。

槐米刺梨的抗敏止痒效果及其在辅食营养素撒剂中的应用

探讨槐米刺梨组合物在抗过敏止痒中的作用效果,并将其应用在辅食营养素撒剂中,旨在为易过敏、免疫力低下的婴幼儿提供其所需的营养方案。本研究设置不同实验组,通过测定透明质酸酶活性抑制率,给药后各组小鼠耳肿胀度,脾脏指数,胸腺指数及小鼠舔体次数,考察槐米刺梨组合物的抗过敏和止痒效果;将槐米刺梨组合物应用在辅食营养素撒剂中,考察该辅食营养素撒剂的混合均匀度及加速过程中各营养素的稳定性。结果表明,槐米刺梨组合物对透明质酸酶活性抑制率为73%,与模型组相比槐米刺梨组合物能显著降低耳肿胀度,脾脏指数,胸腺指数及小鼠舔体次数,证明槐米刺梨组合物具有较好的抗过敏和止痒效果;槐米刺梨组合物辅食营养素撒剂中各营养素的RSD值均<5%,各营养素在加速6个月内的衰减情况稳定,符合国家标准要求。本研究验证了槐米刺梨组合物具有抗过敏止痒效果,并预测了该组合物辅食营养素撒剂中各营养素衰减情况,为抗过敏止痒辅食营养素撒剂产品研发提供一定的数据支持和参考依据。

云南蔷薇属部分种质资源的SSR遗传多样性研究

利用简单重复序列SSR标记技术对蔷薇属（Rosa L．）13份野生种、变种、变型及29份栽培品种的遗传多样性进行了研究。用筛选出的18对SSR引物对42份材料DNA进行PCR扩增，在18个位点共检测到148个等位基因，每一位点的等位基因变幅为6～14个，平均8．2个。材料问遗传相似系数为0．282—0．892，表明在分子水平上具有丰富的遗传多样性。在相似系数为0．456时，基于SSR标记的聚类分析将13个蔷薇野生种分为5个组，这与植物形态学分类结果大体一致。在遗传相似系数为0．43水平上，聚类分析将42份供试材料分为5大组群。初步探讨了野生种之间以及野生种与栽培品种之间的亲缘关系。