Several oxygenated monoterpenes from petals of Rosa damascena

Aim To discover the oxygenated monoterpenes that play a critical role in the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpene in Rosa damascene.Method Several kinds of isolation techniques such as liquid-liquid partition,silica column chromatography,thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography were used to separate the compounds and several identification techniques such as GC-MS and 1H-NMR were used to determine the structure of the isolated compounds.Results Three oxidized acyclic monoterpenes were obtained.They are 8-hydroxygeraniol,8-hydroxynerol and 8-hydroxylinalool.Conclusion The compounds are the important materials of pharmaceutical,cosmetic and food industries.The work has not only provided a new method for the determination of the main aromatic components of Rosa damascena,but also built up an important foundation for the study of biosynthesis of monoterpenoids in the plant.

Ecological Suitability Assessment and Introduction Experiment on Rosa damascena trigintipetala in Sichuan Province, China

This study comprehensively considered the climate, soil, terrain, and land-use type conditions suitable for Rosa damascena trigintipetala and further established an ecological suitability evaluation model of R. damascena trigintipetala in Sichuan Province, China, based on geographic information systems(GIS) and Agro-Ecological Zone(AEZ)models; then we assessed the different ecological suitability grades for this species in Sichuan Province of China and summarized the suitable land areas and spatial distribution pattern for R. damascena trigintipetala. The results show that the suitable areas(which contain highly suitable, generally suitable, and critically suitable areas) for R. damascena trigintipetala are 307.268×104 hm2, which accounts for 6.34% of the total provincial area. Results also indicate that shrub land and open forest land are the major land-use types suitable for R. damascena trigintipetala, with the suitable areas of 303.162×104hm2(6.25% of the total provincial area). An introduction test was conducted in one of the suitable areas, Xichang City, which demonstrated that R.damascena trigintipetala grows well at theexperimental sites. The quality of rose oil extracted from R. damascena trigintipetala planted in Xichang meets the Bulgaria Rose Oil Standard, thus verifying the accuracy and reliability of the ecological suitability assessment results.

Efficacy of the herbal formula of Foeniculum vulgare and Rosa damascena on elderly patients with functional constipation:A double-blind randomized controlled trial

Background:Constipation is a common chronic bowel disorder with an incidence of more than 50%in the elderly population.Complementary and alternative medicine is a cost-effective and satisfactory treatment for constipation used widely by the elderly.Objective:This study evaluates the efficacy of an herbal formula made from Foeniculum vulgare Mill.and Rosa damascena for the treatment of constipation in an elderly population and consequent changes to their quality of life.Design,setting,participants and intervention:This double-blind randomized active controlled clinical trial,with parallel group allocation ratio of 1:1,was conducted in a referral clinic in Afzalipour Hospital,affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Kerman,Southeastern Iran.Individuals over 60 years of age,diagnosed with functional constipation(based on the RomeⅣcriteria),were included in this study.Participants received a sachet of 10 g F.vulgare and R.damascena(herbal formula group)or polyethylene glycol 4000(PEG 4000 group)with a glass of warm water two times a day for 4 weeks and were followed up for 4 additional weeks.Main outcome measures:Constipation severity,stool consistency,and the quality of life were used as the primary outcomes.Drug side effects were used as a secondary outcome.The outcomes were assessed using the Constipation Assessment Scale,the Bristol Stool Form Scale,and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire.Results:A total of 25 participants in each group completed the four-week treatment cycle and the eightweek follow-up.At the end of the four-week treatment cycle,all clinical outcomes had significant improvements in both groups(P<0.05).The analysis of constipation severity(P<0.001),stool consistency(P<0.001),and the quality of life(P<0.001)showed significant improvements with fewer side effects(mild diarrhea)and a longer duration of symptom relief in the herbal formula group compared to the PEG 4000 group.Conclusion:Although both interventions significantly improved the treatment outcomes,constipation severity,stool consistency and the quality of life were improved more effectively by the herbal formula than by PEG 4000;however,the mechanism of action is not yet understood.Trial registration:This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials(IRCTID:IRCT20200108046056N1).

Antioxidation and active constituents analysis of flower residue of Rosa damascena

Objective:To make full usage of resource and turn waste into treasure,the chemical constituents and bioactivity were firstly investigated on Damask rose(Rosa damascena)flower residue(DRFR).Methods:DPPH and ABTS experiments were applied to assess the antioxidant activity of DRFR.Then,column chromatography was used to purify compounds from an antioxidation extract(DRFR-A),and the chemical structure was identified using NMR.The total phenolic acid content was measured by FolinCiocalteu colorimetric method,and the content of gallic acid of the indicator ingredient was detected by HPLC.Results:DRFR-A was found to show a high activity both on DPPH(IC5o:2.760μg/mL)and ABTS(ICso:2.258μg/mL)compared to positive control Vc,Ten compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin(1),kaempferol(2),gallic acid(3),protocatechuic acid(4),pyrogallic acid(5),2-phenylethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate(6),methyl gallate(7),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(8),p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol(9)and astragalin(10)from DRFR-A.Among them,pyrogallic acid,2-phenylethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol are obtained from the plant for the first time.The content of total phenolic acids and gallic acid,main ingredient in DRFR-A was determined as 63.73%and 24.67%,respectively.Conclusion:This study provides a reliable data and lays the foundation for the development and utilization of rose residue,and hence for the full utilization of rose resources.

响应面法优化超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取玫瑰精油的工艺研究

为提高玫瑰精油的出油率,优化实际应用中水蒸气蒸馏法从玫瑰花中提取精油的工艺,试验采用超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法从新疆大马士革鲜玫瑰中提取精油。基于单因素试验,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,以料液比、蒸馏时间、超声时间、超声功率作为响应因素,玫瑰精油得率作为响应值,对超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取玫瑰精油的工艺进行了优化。结果表明,最佳精油提取工艺条件:采用超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法用水蒸气蒸馏提取装置对鲜玫瑰样品进行加热冷凝回流提取精油,待水沸腾时开始计时,在料液比1∶4(g/mL)、蒸馏时间4 h、超声时间25 min、超声功率200 W时,玫瑰精油得率达到0.0802%。在该工艺条件下提取的玫瑰精油呈淡黄色,香气纯正,令人愉悦,该研究结果可为玫瑰精油的提取奠定技术基础。

大马士革玫瑰花苞水的综合功效评价

目的:探究大马士革玫瑰花苞水的保湿和抗衰老功效。方法:以大马士革玫瑰花朵为原料,采用微烘联合技术制备大马士革玫瑰花苞水;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法探究大马士革玫瑰花苞水在人永生化角质形成细胞(HaCaT)和人真皮成纤维细胞(FB)中的最大无毒剂量;同时检测大马士革玫瑰花苞水对水通道蛋白3(AQP3)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(COLⅠ)及基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)表达量的影响,以评价其保湿和抗衰老功效。结果:大马士革玫瑰花苞水浓度为1.25%~10.00%时在HaCaT细胞中和FB细胞中均无毒性;10%的大马士革玫瑰花苞水可使AQP3的表达量增加22.3%;5%的大马士革玫瑰花苞水可以使COLⅠ的表达量提升36.8%,使MMP-1的表达量降低24.1%。结论:采用微烘联合技术制备的大马士革玫瑰花苞水具有保湿和抗衰老功效,且无细胞毒性,可作为功效性原料用于化妆品中。

商州产大马士革玫瑰精油研究

采用ISO9842:2003玫瑰油标准,对陕西商州引种的保加利亚主栽玫瑰品种“Kazanluk”(RosadamascenaMiller)精油进行分析。结果表明,该玫瑰精油香气具有天然玫瑰花香,香气细腻、柔和、飘逸。油为液体,淡黄色,相对密度(20/20℃)0.8599,折光指数(20℃)1.4592,旋光度(20℃)-4.3°,冻点20.6℃,酯值11.9,这些物理指标达到了标准要求。大量主香成分相对含量:乙醇0.5%,香茅醇45.5%,橙花醇4.5%,香叶醇7.6%,苯乙醇2.9%,十七烷烃1.13%,十九烷烃15.5%,二十一烷烃5.0%。这些成分含量与原产地保加利亚玫瑰油成分范围有一定差异,但与摩洛哥同类玫瑰油标准相符,可以作为商品油在国际市场销售。

不同加工工艺与收集时段对‘大马士革’玫瑰花水香气成分的影响

【目的】了解水蒸气蒸馏与共水蒸馏两种不同提取工艺以及不同收集时段对‘大马士革’玫瑰花水香气成分的影响,为玫瑰花水的合理加工及利用提供参考。【方法】通过固相微萃取取样,气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析,对各成分质谱通过计算机谱库(NIST/WILEY)检索和资料分析,然后结合文献进行人工谱图解析,对不同提取工艺以及不同收集时段的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水主要香气成分进行鉴定和定量。【结果】利用水蒸气蒸馏工艺提取的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水的香气成分在种类数量和相对含量上都高于共水蒸馏得到的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水,且香茅醇和苯乙醇的相对含量也都高于共水蒸馏得到的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水,因此水蒸气蒸馏提取的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水香气丰润,甜香味更浓郁,品质比共水蒸馏提取的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水更好。无论是共水蒸馏还是水蒸气蒸馏的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水都是在第二时段得到的醇类化合物的数量和含量最高。共水蒸馏以第二时段收集的花水玫瑰主体香气最强,水蒸气蒸馏的第一时段和第二时段收集的花水主体香气相当,因此共水蒸馏提取的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水以第二时段收集的花水(即第二个与鲜花等重量的花水)的质量最佳,生产上以收集第一时段花水(即第一个与鲜花等重量的花水)和第二时段花水为适;水蒸气蒸馏提取的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水以第一时段收集的花水(即第一个与鲜花等重量的花水)的质量最佳,生产上以收集第一时段、第二时段和第三时段花水为宜。【结论】水蒸气蒸馏提取的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水香气优于共水蒸馏提取的花水;生产上采用共水蒸馏工艺提取的‘大马士革’玫瑰花水以收集前两个时段的花水为宜,水蒸气蒸馏工艺提取的以收集前3个时段的花水为宜。

玫瑰精油β-环糊精包合物的制备与表征

目的:为提高玫瑰精油水溶性与稳定性,以β-环糊精为包合材料,制备并表征玫瑰精油的包合物。方法:采用饱和水溶液法制备玫瑰精油包合物,薄层色谱(TLC)、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析包合前后精油的化学成分,并利用红外(IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)对包合物与包合作用进行表征与分析。结果:以包合率为指标,确定包合最佳条件为:m玫瑰精油:mβ-环糊精=1:10,反应温度60℃,反应时间2h,在此条件下,玫瑰精油包合率达到80%以上。结论:玫瑰精油包合物能够保留玫瑰精油的主要特征成分,提高精油的溶解度和稳定性,为开发口服玫瑰精油功能食品提供了固体粉末中间体。

类胡萝卜素与“大马士革”玫瑰花香气构成的相关性分析

分析甘肃省永登县种植的"大马士革"红、粉、白3种颜色玫瑰花瓣的类胡萝卜素含量与香气构成,探讨类胡萝卜素与玫瑰花香气构成的相关性。结果表明:"大马士革"玫瑰花中初步定性香气成分57种,香气活性值分析确定其主体香气成分为:香茅醇、香叶醇、橙花醇、苯乙醇、辛酸乙酯、香茅醛、苯甲酸乙酯及α-蒎烯。红玫瑰花中类胡萝卜素含量最高为(0.013±0.001)mg/g,粉玫瑰花次之含量为(0.012±0.003)mg/g,白玫瑰花最低含量为(0.009±0.004)mg/g。红玫瑰花中类胡萝卜素含量与香茅醇、香叶醇及辛酸乙酯含量呈正相关,且与香茅醇相关性显著,与橙花醇、苯乙醇、香茅醛及α-蒎烯含量呈负相关;粉玫瑰花中类胡萝卜素含量与实验确定主体香气组分均呈正相关,其中与香茅醇、橙花醇、香叶醇及苯乙醇相关性显著;白玫瑰花中类胡萝卜素含量与苯乙醇含量呈正相关,与香茅醇、香叶醇、橙花醇、辛酸乙酯、香茅醛及α-蒎烯含量呈负相关,其中与香茅醇、香叶醇及α-蒎烯相关性显著。

香料玫瑰引种栽培研究

首次将香料玫瑰品种保加利亚玫瑰(Rosa damascena Mill)、摩洛哥玫瑰(Rosa centifolia L.)、苦水玫瑰(R.sertata×R.rugosa Yu et Ku)以及玫红玫瑰引入江西省,通过4年的栽培试验和观察,以上品种均能在江西省正常开花,保加利亚玫瑰的生长势达到或超过在北方种植的。除苦水玫瑰需防止38℃以上高温危害外,其它品种均能适应江西省的自然气候。

引种欧洲香型玫瑰精油化学成分研究

用毛细管气相色谱/质谱联用技术和气相色谱Kovats指数双重定性方法,从保加利亚、法国、土耳其和摩洛哥四国引种的欧洲香型玫瑰的精油中分别鉴定出94个化合物,其主要赋香成分与原生产国家的十分接近。这一研究结果为首次报道并在中国扩大引种欧洲香型玫瑰提供了科学依据。

玫瑰GASA4-like基因的克隆及其序列分析

从大马士革玫瑰（Rosa damascena）中利用同源克隆结合RACE的方法首次获得了一个GASA4-like基因的cDNA和DNA序列全长（GenBank登陆号FJ595792，FJ595793），并利用TAIL—PCR的方法克隆了其部分启动予序列。结果表明，玫瑰GASA4-like基因包含4个外显子，3个内含子，开放阅读框为327bp，编码108个氨基酸序列。对推导的氨基酸序列分析发现，N末端1～26个氨基酸是一信号肽序列，c末端含有12个保守的半胱氨酸残基，具有GASA基因家族共同的一些结构特征。系统进化分析表明，玫瑰GASA4-like与分生组织中表达的GAsA蛋白聚为一类。启动子顺式作用调控元件分析表明，GASA4-like基因上游318bp的部分启动子含有诱导表达调控元件和一些转录因子的结合位点；最后，对GASA4-like基因可能的生物学功能进行了预测。

浙江安吉地区大马士革玫瑰引种栽培

为探索大马士革玫瑰（Rosa damasecena．Mill．）在我国华东地区适应性种植的模式，本课题对原产地和浙江安吉丘陵地带的自然生态环境条件进行分析对比的前提下，将大马士革玫瑰进行了引种栽培，并在种植后第二年的花期对玫瑰的植物学性状、精油产量和精油成分进行了分析和测定。结果显示：引种地大马士革玫瑰与原产地玫瑰的植物学性状保持一致，鲜花的最大采摘量在为5月的10日，16日，精油提取率为0．173～0．178ml·kg^-1·FW，玫瑰精油中香茅醇相对含油率为20．17％～31．09％，香叶醇为7．39％～11．3％。

不同品种保加利亚玫瑰扦插生根率的研究

保加利亚大马士革玫瑰属蔷薇科蔷薇属玫瑰中的一种富含玫瑰油的品种,采用传统扦插方法进行繁殖,但是从加拿大引入的该种生根率极低。为提高其生根率,试验采用4个浓度的生根粉和3种基质对3个不同品种(fourseasons、celsiana、rose de rescht)进行扦插,同时控制其温度与湿度,结果表明:3个品种的扦插成活率品种1高,品种2最低,其基质的选择为珍珠岩最好,其次是草炭和珍珠岩混合,由于草炭透气性差,故成活率较低,3个品种在生根粉浓度的选择上依次选用50mg·kg-1、100mg·kg-1、30mg·kg-1。

不同保藏条件下大马士革玫瑰颜色和香气变化研究

针对产精油玫瑰花期集中、不利于周年加工的难题,本文以大马士革玫瑰作为材料,采用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用仪研究不同温度不同时间保存条件下玫瑰花瓣的色泽、香气种类及其含量的变化。结果表明:花瓣的色泽在-80℃下能够保藏70d之后颜色如同刚采摘的花瓣,花瓣的香气成分则是在-20℃下保藏70d左右的花瓣香气成分损失较少。通过本文研究得到了大马士革玫瑰花瓣的最佳保藏条件为-20℃。

生长调节剂对大马士革玫瑰绿枝扦插育苗的影响

以大马士革玫瑰为材料,采用三因素(生长调节剂、不同浓度、不同处理时间)三水平正交试验设计,在全光照迷雾条件下研究大马士革玫瑰绿枝扦插育苗效果,筛选提高大马士革玫瑰绿枝扦插成活率的最佳方法。结果表明,以IBA 50mg/L浸泡插穗0.5h的处理为最佳组合,成活率可达92.7%。不同生长调节剂、不同浓度对大马士革玫瑰绿枝扦插生根都有显著影响。大马士革玫瑰绿枝扦插生根是以愈伤组织生根为主兼有皮部生根的综合生根型。

福建产大马士革玫瑰精油成分GC-MS分析

研究福建产大马士革玫瑰精油中的挥发性成分,为其香气品质评价和开发利用提供科学依据。采用顶空固相微萃取和气相质谱联用技术(HS-SPME/GC-MS)测定水蒸气蒸馏提取的福建产大马士革玫瑰精油中的挥发性成分。结果表明:从大马士革玫瑰精油中共分离鉴定出154种挥发性成分,相对总含量为97.68%,主要含醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类、酸类、萜烯类、烷烃类、芳香族类等成分,其中以萜烯类成分的数量最多,达61种,相对含量达48.14%。大马士革玫瑰精油中相对含量较高的挥发性成分有(R)-(+)-β-香茅醇、蒎烯、β-石竹烯、α-愈创木烯、α-石竹烯、牻牛儿酸甲酯,相对含量分别为20.18%、7.11%、6.24%、5.38%、4.37%、4.20%。萜烯类、醇类、酯类是构成大马士革玫瑰精油香气的主要物质基础,赋予了大马士革玫瑰精油花香、果香、草香等多种香味,香味层次丰富。

福建发展‘大马士革'玫瑰产业的优势与前景

‘大马士革'玫瑰是世界公认的优质玫瑰品种,‘大马士革'玫瑰精油是国际市场公认的最好玫瑰精油,贵如黄金。从福建的生态条件、山地资源、市场环境、文化背景、劳动力资源等方面分析发展玫瑰产业的优势,比较玫瑰种植经济效益,展望福建发展‘大马士革'玫瑰产业的前景,为玫瑰产业的健康发展提供指导。

大马士革玫瑰花中非环单萜衍生物的研究

以陕西渭南产大马士革玫瑰花为研究对象,采用溶剂萃取法、柱层析分离法和高效液相色谱法分离大马士革玫瑰花中的化学成分,并利用GC-EI-MS和1 HNMR鉴定出大马士革玫瑰花中的8-羟基芳樟醇、8-羟基香叶醇、8-羟基橙花醇等3个含氧单萜衍生物。为大马士革玫瑰花中主要香气成分的分析提供了新的方法,也为研究大马士革玫瑰花中萜类化合物的生物合成途径奠定了基础。