Ocular rosacea without facial erythema involvement manifesting as bilateral multiple recurrent chalazions:A case report

BACKGROUND In addition to the non-specific symptomatology of ocular rosacea,currently,there are no reliable diagnostic tests for the disease,which may lead to its misdiagnosis.Here,we report a case of ocular rosacea presenting with multiple recurrent chalazion on both eyelids.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female patient presented with multiple chalazion and dry eyes in both eyes,with no facial erythema.Initial management done were application of steroid eye ointment on both eyelids,hot compresses,and eyelid margin cleaning;noting that there was no relief of symptoms.Surgical excision of the chalazion was done on both eyes,however,bilateral recurrence occurred post-operatively.The pathological studies showed infiltration of a small amount of fibrous tissue with many chronic inflammatory cells.Immunohistochemistry studies were positive for LL-37.Resolution of the chalazion occurred after oral administration of doxycycline and azithromycin.CONCLUSION Our findings show that ophthalmologists should recognize the ocular manifestations of skin diseases.

Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 19 Species in Rosaceae Family

Rosaceae represents a vast and complex group of species,with its classification being intricate and contentious.The taxonomic placement of many species within this family has been a subject of ongoing debate.The study utilized the Illumina platform to sequence 19 plant species from 10 genera in the Rosaceae.The cp genomes,vary-ing in size from 153,366 to 159,895 bp,followed the typical quadripartite organization consisting of a large single-copy(LSC)region(84,545 to 87,883 bp),a small single-copy(SSC)region(18,174 to 19,259 bp),and a pair of inverted repeat(IR)regions(25,310 to 26,396 bp).These genomes contained 132–138 annotated genes,including 87 to 93 protein-coding genes(PCGs),37 tRNA genes,and 8 rRNA genes using MISA software,52 to 121 simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci were identified.D.arbuscular contained the least of SSRs and did not have hexanotides,A.lineata contained the richest SSRs.Long terminal repeats(LTRs)were primarily composed of palindromic and forward repeat sequences,meanwhile,The richest LTRs were found in Argentina lineata.Except for Argentina lineata,Fragariastrum eriocarpum,and Prunus trichostoma,which varied in gene type and position on both sides of the boundary,the remaining species were found to be mostly conserved according to IR boundary analysis.The examination of the Ka/Ks ratio revealed that only the infA gene had a value greater than 1,indicating that this gene was primarily subjected to positive selection during evolution.Additionally,9 hotspots of variation were identified in the LSC and SSC regions.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the scientific validity of the genus Prunus L.sensu lato(s.l.)within the Rosaceae family.The separation of the three genera Argentina Hill,Fragariastrum Heist.ex Fabr.and Dasiphora Raf.from Potentilla L.may be a more scientific classification.These results offer fresh perspectives on the taxonomy of the Rosaceae.

Treatment of ocular rosacea: comparative study of topical cyclosporine and oral doxycycline

AIM: To compare the effectiveness of topical cyclosporine A emulsion with that of oral doxycycline for rosacea associated ocular changes and dry eye complaints.METHODS: One hundred and ten patients with rosacea were screened. Thirty-eight patients having rosacea associated eyelid and ocular surface changes and dry eye complaints were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: nineteen patients were given topical cyclosporine twice daily and nineteen patients were given oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for the first month and once daily for the following two months. Symptom and sign scores, ocular surface disease index questionnarie and tear function tests were evaluated at baseline and monthly for 3mo. Three months after results were compared with that of baseline.RESULTS: Mean values of symptom, eyelid sign and corneal/conjunctival sign scores of each treatment group at baseline and 3mo after treatments were compared and both drugs were found to be effective on rosacea associated ocular changes(P 【0.001). Cyclosporine was more effective in symptomatic relief and in the treatment of eyelid signs(P =0.01). There was statistically significant increase in the mean Schirmer score with anesthesia and tear break up time scores in the cyclosporine treatment group compared to the doxycycline treatment group(P 【0.05).CONCLUSION: Cyclosporine as a topical drug can be used in the treatment of rosacea associated ocular complications because it is more effective than doxycycline. In addition ocular rosacea as a chronic disease requires long term treatment and doxycycline has various side effects limiting its long term usage.

Evolution of the R2R3-MYB gene family in six Rosaceae species and expression in woodland strawberry

R2R3-MYB gene family play important roles in plants development, metabolism, and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 838 R2 R3-MYB genes were identified from six Rosaceae species, including 105 in woodland strawberry(Fragaria vesca), 173 in European pear(Pyrus communis), 219 in apple(Malus domestica), 121 in peach(Prunus persica), 121 in Chinese rose(Rosa chinensis), and 99 in black raspberry(Rubus occidentalis). All R2 R3-MYB genes in the six Rosaceae species were clustered into 51 species-specific duplicated clades with 109 genes and 50 lineage-specific duplicated clades with 242 genes according to phylogenetic analysis. R2 R3-MYB genes were distributed on all chromosomes in each of the six species, with a small amount of tandem duplication events. The proportion of tandem repeat genes ranged from 0 to 25.1%. The R2 R3-MYB protein was conserved in a clade and likely to share similar functions. The distribution of Ks showed the duplication times of R2 R3-MYB genes in six Rosaceae species. Furthermore, most of the R2 R3-MYB genes had Ka/Ks values less than 1, which indicated they were driven by purifying selection during the evolutionary processes. The GO term enrichment analysis revealed that R2 R3-MYB genes in strawberry and black raspberry were more divergent than in other Rosaceae species. Analysis of transcriptomes of 42 different tissues and development stages of woodland strawberry showed that high expression levels of R2 R3-MYB suggested that the R2 R3-MYB genes in strawberry played a key role in growth and development of both vegetative tissues and fruits. The strawberry R2 R3-MYB genes in sub-group of S1, S2, S11, S20, and S22 had high expression levels both in young leaves(YL) and old leaves(OL) strawberry tissues under drought treatments.

蔷薇科(Rosaceae)植物标本及其数字化处理技术研究

植物标本作为保藏植物资源和植物信息的一种基本手段,为植物资源管理和利用提供了重要的科学依据。腊叶标本是最常见的标本类型,在形态分类、资源保藏中发挥着重要作用。然而,腊叶标本在长期保存中存在原色丧失、植物器官典型特征缺损、霉变、腐败和虫蛀等问题,加之馆藏标本数据量巨大,数据管理和查询成为一个非常棘手的问题,从而造成植物标本数据利用率低,无论在科研还是在进一步的开发中都没有产生应有的作用。随着信息化技术的快速发展,植物标本数字化已成为可能,并备受各方的关注。以沈阳农业大学植物标本馆馆藏蔷薇科(Rosaceae)植物腊叶标本为研究对象,采用数字化处理技术,利用计算机及其软件为辅助工具,以活体标本颜色为对照,从植物腊叶标本原色数字化恢复技术、蔷薇科植物形态数字化分类系统的构建、蔷薇科植物形态分类数据库的设计等方面进行系统研究,为模式标本的数字化及实现互联网植物分类鉴定提供技术支持。

Molecular phylogeny and inflorescence evolution of Prunus(Rosaceae)based on RAD-seq and genome skimming analyses

Prunus is an economically important genus widely distributed in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.Previous studies on the genus using a variety of loci yielded conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses.Here,we generated nuclear reduced representation sequencing data and plastid genomes for 36 Prunus individuals and two outgroups.Both nuclear and plastome data recovered a well-resolved phylogeny.The species were divided into three main clades corresponding to their inflorescence types,-the racemose group,the solitary-flower group and the corymbose group-with the latter two sister to one another.Prunus was inferred to have diversified initially in the Late Cretaceous around 67.32 million years ago.The diversification of the three major clades began between the Paleocene and Miocene,suggesting that paleoclimatic events were an important driving force for Prunus diversification.Ancestral state reconstructions revealed that the most recent common ancestor of Prunus had racemose inflorescences,and the solitary-flower and corymb inflorescence types were derived by reduction of flower number and suppression of the rachis,respectively.We also tested the hybrid origin hypothesis of the racemose group proposed in previous studies.Prunus has undergone extensive hybridization events,although it is difficult to identify conclusively specific instances of hybridization when using SNP data,especially deep in the phylogeny.Our study provides well-resolved nuclear and plastid phylogenies of Prunus,reveals substantial cytonuclear discord at shallow scales,and sheds new light on inflorescence evolution in this economically important lineage.

Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants

Mutants lacking wild-type MLO(Mildew resistance Locus O)proteins show broad-spectrum resistance to the powdery mildew fungus,and dysregulated cell death control,with spontaneous cell death in response to developmental or abiotic stimuli.In order to understand the evolution and divergence patterns of the MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants,we analysed systematically genome-wide data from Fragaria vesca,Prunus persica,Prunus mume,Malus domestica,Pyrus bretschneideri and Rubus occidentalis based on bioinformatics methods.Using three phylogenetic methods(the neighbour-joining,maximum likelihood,and Bayesian methods),we identified 117 MLO genes from 6 Rosaceae species.The results of all three phylogenetic analysis methods supported that these genes were divided into six clades.Conserved motif analysis found that only motif 2 was present in all MLO proteins and had 3 nearly invariant amino acid residues.The findings indicated that motif 2 might be shared by the MLO gene family.The structural features of these genes showed large variations in sequence length among different species,although the lengths and the numbers of exons exhibited high degrees of similarity.Selective pressure analysis showed extremely significant differences in all 6 clades,with 2,1,and 1 site(s)under significant positive selection detected in clades III,IV,and VI,respectively.These positive selection sites were important driving forces for the promotion of the functional differentiation of the MLO genes.Functional divergence analysis showed that the significantly divergent sites were located within the domains of the MLO genes.Functional distance analysis showed that the clade V had more conservative functions and might have retained more original functions during the evolutionary process.However,clade I may have undergone extensive altered functional constraints as a specialised functional role.Moreover,the most original function of the MLO genes in Rosaceae could be related to the evolution of their resistance to powdery mildew,which then gradually evolved into functions such as the regulation of flower development,the control of root morphology,and seed evolution due to the different evolutionary rates after gene duplication.These results provide a theoretical basis for further studies of the molecular evolutionary patterns of the plant MLO gene family.

Comparative genomic analysis of N6-methyladenosine regulators in nine rosaceae species and functional characterization in response to drought stress in pear

N 6-methylated adenine(m6 A)is an emerging epigenetic marker in eukaryotic organisms that plays an important role in biological functions and in enriching genetic information.m6 A exerts these functions via the dynamic interplay among m6 A writers,erasers,and readers.However,little is known about the underlying mechanisms of m6 A in plant growth and stress responses.Here,we identified 276 masked m6 A regulators from nine Rosaceae species(Pyrus bretschneideri,Pyrus betulifolia,Pyrus communis,Malus domestica,Fragaria vesca,Prunus avium,Prunus mume,Prunus persica,and Rubus occidentalis).We classified and named these genes in more detail based on phylogenetic and synteny analysis.The expansion of m6 A regulators in Maloideae was dated back to the recent whole-genome duplication(WGD)in Rosaceae.Based on the expression pattern analysis and gene structure analysis of m6 A regulators,m6 A was shown to be a significant factor in regulating plant development and resistance.In addition,PbrMTA1-silenced pear plants displayed significantly reduced drought tolerance and chlorophyll content,as well as increased electrolyte leakage and concentrations of malondialdehyde and H2 O2.

Novel intense pulsed light-photodynamic therapy strategy in the treatment of facial actinic keratoses concomitant with rosacea

Rosacea presents as transient or persistent erythema,papules,pustules,fAushing,and telangi-ectasia on the middle of the face,which has some clinical similarity with act inic keratosis(AK).These two conditions can coexist in the same patient.Dermoscopy and reflect ance confocal microscopy(RCM)could be useful methods for diagnosis and monitoring treatment efficacy.Novel intense pulsed light-photodynamic therapy(IPL-PDT)may have better tolerance and curative effect than traditional red-light 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy(ALA-PDT).Herein,we present a case of facial AKs concomitant with rosacea where combination therapy of novel IPL-PDT and oral minocycline was effective in that AK lesions were eliminated and the patient's facial erythema and telangiectasia were significantly improved.

The Gillenia trifoliata genome reveals dynamics correlated with growth and reproduction in Rosaceae

The Rosaceae family has striking phenotypic diversity and high syntenic conservation.Gillenia trifoliata is sister species to the Maleae tribe of apple and~1000 other species.Gillenia has many putative ancestral features,such as herb/sub-shrub habit,dry fruit-bearing and nine base chromosomes.This coalescence of ancestral characters in a phylogenetically important species,positions Gillenia as a‘rosetta stone'for translational science within Rosaceae.We present genomic and phenological resources to facilitate the use of Gillenia for this purpose.The Gillenia genome is the fi rst fully annotated chromosome-level assembly with an ancestral genome complement(x=9),and with it we developed an improved model of the Rosaceae ancestral genome.MADS and NAC gene family analyses revealed genome dynamics correlated with growth and reproduction and we demonstrate how Gillenia can be a negative control for studying fl eshy fruit development in Rosaceae.

Therapeutic Evaluation of 2% Tea Lotion in Comparison with 5% Zinc Sulfate Solution in the Treatment of Acne Rosacea

Background: There are many effective topical and systemic therapies for acne rosacea. Topical zinc sulfate and tea lotion have been used in treatment of acne vulgaris. Objectives: To evaluate effectiveness of 2% tea lotion in comparison with 5% zinc sulfate solution in the treatment of acne rosacea. Patients and Methods: This single, blinded, comparative therapeutic clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Dermatology—Baghdad Teaching Hospital from June 2006-December 2007. Twenty two patients with acne rosacea were divided into two groups and were instructed to apply the following lotions for two months, Group A used 2% tea lotion twice daily while Group B used 5% zinc sulfate solution twice daily. Patient with severe acne rosacea were excluded from the study. Clinical improvement was evaluated every 2 weeks by determination of the disease severity score (Sharquie’s score) before and after treatment. Results: Eighteen patients with acne rosacea completed the study with their ages ranging from 26 - 70 (40.5 ± 10.9) years. For Group A and Group B were 39.7 ± 8.2, 41.2 ± 13.1 years respectively, with eight patients in Group A, ten patients in Group B. Five percent zinc sulfate solution was statistically significant in reducing the disease severity score in acne rosacea, while 2% tea lotion was beneficial but did not reach statistically significant level as zinc sulfate solution. Conclusion: Five percent zinc sulfate solution was a good alternative remedy to be used in patients with acnerosacea.

New record of Lobophora rosacea(Dictyotales; Phaeophyceae) from the South China Sea

Lobophora rosacea C.W. Vieira, Payri et De Clerck is reported from the South China Sea for the first time. Our specimens are very similar to L. rosacea recently described from New Caledonia, not only in morphology but also in rbcL and cox3 gene sequences. The fan-shaped thallus grows erectly, attaching to the substrate by a basal holdfast. The thallus is composed of a single layer of large medullary cells and three to four layers of cortical cells on both sides of the medulla. Mature sporophytes are detected, with sporangium sori scattered on both surfaces of the thallus.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the IPT family members in nine Rosaceae species and a functional analysis of MdIPT5b in cold resistance

Cytokinins are members of a group of phytohormones involved in various growth and developmental processes in plants.Isopentenyl transferase(IPT)is the rate-limiting enzyme in catalyzing the biosynthesis of cytokinins.In this study,to understand the role of IPT family in cold resistance,78 IPT candidates were identified and characterized in nine Rosaceae genomes.The expansion of IPT families in the Rosaceae primarily occurred through segmental duplication rather than tandem duplication.In general,purifying selection controlled the evolution of IPT families in the Rosaceae,with IPT3 and IPT5 homologs as the primary drivers of evolution.Cis-elements,which are involved in the responses to many environmental stresses or phytohormone signals,were identified in the promoters of MdIPT members.This was consistent with the trends of expression of the MdIPT genes in apple(Malus domestica)calli.MdIPT5b was also found to exhibit multiple responses to phytohormones and stress signals.The ectopic expression of MdIPT5b resulted in an increase in cold resistance in transformed apple calli and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)plantlets.The redox balance was partially stabilized through the accumulation of proline under cold stress.However,the ascorbate–glutathione cycle cannot be stabilized in the cold.All physiological and biochemical assays are preformed in spectrophotometer.These results showed that regulating the expression of IPT genes for moderate cytokinin improvement could enhance the accumulation of proline to stabilize the osmotic and redox balances to improve resistance to cold stress.

Pediatric ocular rosacea, a misdiagnosed disease with high morbidity:Proposed diagnostic criteria

Ocular rosacea is an important and underdiagnosed chronic inflammatory disorder observed in children. A clinical spectrum ranging from chronic eyelid inflammation, recurrent ocular redness, photophobia and/or hordeola/chalazions and conjunctival/corneal phlyctenules evolving to neovascularization and scarring may occur. Visual impairment and consequent amblyopia are frequent and corneal perforation although rare is the most feared complication. Ocular manifestations usually precede cutaneous lesions. Although few cases of pediatric ocular rosacea(POR) have been reported in the literature, many cases must have been underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. The delay in diagnosis is greater than one year in the large majority of cases and may lead to serious ocular sequelae. This review aims to highlight the clinical features of POR, its epidemiology, easy diagnosis and effective treatment. We also propose new diagnostic criteria, in which at least three of the five clinical criteria must be present:(1) Chronic or recurrent keratoconjunctivitis and/or red eye and/or photophobia;(2) Chronic or recurrent blepharitis and/or chalazia/hordeola;(3) Eyelid telangiectasia documented by an ophthalmologist;(4) Primary periorificial dermatitis and/or primary features of rosacea; and (5) Positive familial history of cutaneous and/or ocular rosacea.

Pilot Study into Super-Fractionation Treatment Strategy of Acne and Rosacea

It is evident that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the pathophysiology of different inflammatory skin diseases. In this pilot study, we investigated the ability of very high frequency ultrasound—frequencies of approximately 10 MHz—to modulate the activity of MMPs in the skin in inflammatory skin diseases such as acne and rosacea. It was shown that such waves can significantly improve the skin appearance in these diseases;however, the results are dependent on applied treatment schedule. The best results were obtained through the application of a super-fractionation strategy in the form of home treatments carried out twice daily.

Dupilumab Injection in the Management of Steroid-Induced Rosacea: A New Case Report

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are used frequently for various inflammatory skin conditions. The prolonged daily and inappropriate use of TCS may cause adverse effects such as erythema, atrophy, and telangiectasia. Steroid rosacea or addiction is a distinct adverse effect of inappropriate use of TCS. It occurs most commonly in adult women applying mid- or high-potency TCS to the face. Dupilumab is an interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptor α-antagonist approved for treatment Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis in childhoods and adults. The role of dupilumab injection in steroid-induced rosacea management is rarely discussed. Aim: To document a new case presentation of atopic dermatitis on high potency topical facial steroid addiction for a duration of 4 years in a young female patient who was successful treated with dupilumab injection and withdrawal therapy. Case Report: A 32-year-old female patient with a history of atopic dermatitis presented with a history of worsening pruritic facial rashes for a one-month duration and on high potency TCS (Clobetasol Propionate ointment 0.05%) since 4 years ago with multiple treatments failure of steroidal withdrawal treated successfully in combination with dupilumab injection. Conclusion: Dupilumab injection considers effective and inducing rapid resolution of signs and symptoms of steroid-induced rosacea in patients with a history of atopic dermatitis in combination with withdrawal therapy without a rebound effect.

Phylogenetic inferences in Prunus （Rosaceae） using chloroplast ndhF and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences

Sequences of the chloroplast ndhF gene and the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions are employed to recon-struct the phylogeny of Prunus (Rosaceae), and evaluate the classification schemes of this genus. The two data sets are congruent in that the genera Prunus s.l. and Maddenia form a monophyletic group, with Maddenia nested within Prunus. However, the ndhF data set is incongruent with the ITS data supporting two major groups within Prunus: one consisting of subgenera Laurocerasus (including Pygeum) and Padus as well as the genus Maddenia and another of subgenera Amygdalus, Cerasus, and Prunus. The ITS data, on the other hand, support a clade composed of subgenera Amygdalus and Prunus and Prunus sect. Microcerasus in addition to a paraphyletic grade of subgenera Laurocerasus and Padus (and the genus Maddenia) taxa. In general, the subgeneric classifications of Prunus s.l. are not supported. The ITS and ndhF phylogenies differ mainly in interspecific relationships and the relative position of the Padus/Laurocerasus group. Both ITS and ndhF data sets suggest that the formerly recog-nized genus Pygeum is polyphyletic and that the distinction of the subgenera Padus and Laurocerasus is not supported. The biogeographic interactions of the temperate and tropical members in the Padus/Laurocera- sus/Maddenia alliance including Pygeum are shown to be highly dynamic and complex.

Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as a granulomatous rosacea-like rashs

A case of cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease （CRDD） presenting as a granulomatous rosacea-like rashs was reported. A 45-year-old Chinese woman presented with a 1-month history of a widespread nonpruiginous papulonodular eruption. The rash had begun on her face and rapidly progressed to involve the neck and extremities. She was otherwise healthy, with no history of fever, malaise, or weight loss. Physical examination revealed multiple symmetrically distributed discrete and coalescing red plaques, papules and nodules scattered over the face, neck and extremities. No appreciable lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly was noted. There was no mucosal involvement. The biopsy specimen obtained from the face demonstrated the epidermis was normal, while the superficial dermis contained sheets of histiocytes with abundant, focally foamy cytoplasm. The histiocytes were surrounded by a patchy lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrate. There was no significant histiocytic atypia. Some of these histiocytes engulfed, without destroying, lymphocytes and neutrophils （emperipolesis）. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the histiocytes were strongly positive for S100 protein, weakly positive for CD68, and negative for CDla. A diagnosis of CRDD was made. Oral prednisone therapy was initiated at a dosage of 30 mg/d for 3 weeks and then tapered over the ensuing 2 weeks. After 5 weeks of treatment, the lesions had markedly improved.

Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae

This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,where 131 taxa accommodated in 28 families are mainly described from Rosa(Rosaceae)and a few other hosts.Novel fungal taxa are described in the present study,including 17 new genera,93 new species,four combinations,a sexual record for a species and new host records for 16 species.Bhatiellae,Cycasicola,Dactylidina,Embarria,Hawksworthiana,Italica,Melanocucurbitaria,Melanodiplodia,Monoseptella,Uzbekistanica,Neoconiothyrium,Neopaucispora,Pararoussoella,Paraxylaria,Marjia,Sporormurispora and Xenomassariosphaeria are introduced as new ascomycete genera.We also introduce the new species Absidia jindoensis,Alternaria doliconidium,A.hampshirensis,Angustimassarina rosarum,Astragalicola vasilyevae,Backusella locustae,Bartalinia rosicola,Bhatiellae rosae,Broomella rosae,Castanediella camelliae,Coelodictyosporium rosarum,Comoclathris rosae,C.rosarum,Comoclathris rosigena,Coniochaeta baysunika,C.rosae,Cycasicola goaensis,Dactylidina shoemakeri,Dematiopleospora donetzica,D.rosicola,D.salsolae,Diaporthe rosae,D.rosicola,Endoconidioma rosaehissaricae,Epicoccum rosae,Hawksworthiana clematidicola,H.lonicerae,Italica achilleae,Keissleriella phragmiticola,K.rosacearum,K.rosae,K.rosarum,Lophiostoma rosae,Marjia tianschanica,M.uzbekistanica,Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica,Melanodiplodia tianschanica,Monoseptella rosae,Mucor fluvius,Muriformistrickeria rosae,Murilentithecium rosae,Neoascochyta rosicola,Neoconiothyrium rosae,Neopaucispora rosaecae,Neosetophoma rosarum,N.rosae,N.rosigena,Neostagonospora artemisiae,Ophiobolus artemisiicola,Paraconiothyrium rosae,Paraphaeosphaeria rosae,P.rosicola,Pararoussoella rosarum,Parathyridaria rosae,Paraxylaria rosacearum,Penicillium acidum,P.aquaticum,Phragmocamarosporium rosae,Pleospora rosae,P.rosae-caninae,Poaceicola agrostina,P.arundinicola,P.rosae,Populocrescentia ammophilae,P.rosae,Pseudocamarosporium pteleae,P.ulmi-minoris,Pseudocercospora rosae,Pseudopithomyces rosae,Pseudostrickeria rosae,Sclerostagonospora lathyri,S.rosae,S.rosicola,Seimatosporium rosigenum,S.rosicola,Seiridium rosarum,Setoseptoria arundelensis,S.englandensis,S.lulworthcovensis,Sigarispora agrostidis,S.caryophyllacearum,S.junci,S.medicaginicola,S.rosicola,S.scrophulariae,S.thymi,Sporormurispora atraphaxidis,S.pruni,Suttonomyces rosae,Umbelopsis sinsidoensis,Uzbekistanica rosaehissaricae,U.yakutkhanika,Wojnowicia rosicola,Xenomassariosphaeria rosae.New host records are provided for Amandinea punctata,Angustimassarina quercicola,Diaporthe rhusicola,D.eres,D.foeniculina,D.rudis,Diplodia seriata,Dothiorella iberica,Lasiodiplodia theobromae,Lecidella elaeochroma,Muriformistrickeria rubi,Neofusicoccum australe,Paraphaeosphaeria michotii,Pleurophoma pleurospora,Sigarispora caulium and Teichospora rubriostiolata.The new combinations are Dactylidina dactylidis(=Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis),Embarria clematidis(=Allophaeosphaeria clematidis),Hawksworthiana alliariae(=Dematiopleospora alliariae)and Italica luzulae(=Dematiopleospora luzulae).This study also provides some insights into the diversity of fungi on Rosa species and especially those on Rosa spines that resulted in the characterisation of eight new genera,45 new species,and nine new host records.We also collected taxa from Rosa stems and there was 31%(20/65)overlap with taxa found on stems with that on spines.Because of the limited and non-targeted sampling for comparison with collections from spines and stems of the same host and location,it is not possible to say that the fungi on spines of Rosa differ from those on stems.The study however,does illustrate how spines are interesting substrates with high fungal biodiversity.This may be because of their hard structure resulting in slow decay and hence are suitable substrates leading to fungal colonisation.All data presented herein are based on morphological examination of specimens,coupled with phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rosacea in China(2021 Edition)

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that primarily affects the centrofacial areas and mainly manifests as recurrent flushing and erythema.In recent years,there has been progress in the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea.Therefore,a group of dermatological experts updated the guidelines based on the 2016 expert consensus statement on rosacea diagnosis and treatment in China.These new guidelines propose diagnostic criteria for rosacea at different sites to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea in China.