Effect of roselle calyx extract on in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria

Objective: To investigate the effect of the roselle calyx extract(RCE)(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria. Methods:RCE was prepared by soaking roselle calyx powder with ethyl alcohol for 24 h at room temperature. After centrifugation, the extract was lyophilized. Then, the extract was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, the p H was adjusted, and the extract was aseptically filtered. We used Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in this study. The antibacterial activity of the RCE was determined by treating the cells of these bacteria with the extract for 10 or 20 min at room temperature. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined using the micro dilution method, and the effect of the RCE on the ability to form biofilm was determined using a polystyrene micro plate assay. In addition, we used the WST-1 assay to determine the cytotoxicity of the RCE on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Results: The RCE had antibacterial activity against oral bacteria used in this study. In particular, most significant antibacterial activity was observed against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration were 7.2 mg/m L–28.8 mg/m L and 14.4 to >57.6 mg/m L. The RCE had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation at the MIC and sub-MIC levels. In addition, the RCE had low cytotoxic effects on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Conclusions: Thus, our results indicate that the RCE may be used for preventing oral diseases.

A Review of the Nutritional Health Effects of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Calyces

Roselle ( Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) is a tropical and subtropical plant.This paper reviewed the distribution of roselle in China,and the varieties of roselle grown in China.The main chemical components of roselle calyces were listed,and the nutritional health effects and the latest development and utilization of roselle calyx were summarized,in order to provide a reference for better promotion and cultivation of roselle.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Phosphorous on Growth of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

To investigate the performance of organic and inorganic phosphorous on growth of Roselle （Hibiscus sabdariffa L.）, an experiment was carried out at Newly Developmental Farm （NDF）, Horticulture Section, the university of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, during 2012. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） with split plot arrangement and replicated three times. The chemical fertilizer Single Super Phosphate （SSP） was used as inorganic source of phosphorus, while Organic Phosphate （OP） from organic product produced by Niha corporation containing 20% organic mineralized P205, was used as the source of organic phosphorous. Both the sources of fertilizer were applied at the rate of 10, 20, 30 40 and 50 kg. hm2 and control. The statistical analysis of data revealed that both the sources and levels of phosphorus significantly affected most of the growth parameters of Roselle except germination percentage and survival percentage. Plant height （112.09 era）, numbers of leave plant1 （177.87）, numbers of branch plant1 （4.08）, leaf areas （126.60 cm2）, days to flowering （142.83）, fresh flower weight （2.56 g）, fresh calyx weight （1.70 g）, dry calyx weight （0.43 g）, numbers of calyces （94.10）, numbers of root plant-1 （11.03）, root length （22.67 cm） and root weight （27.50 g） were observed in plants fertilized with organic source of phosphorous. Phosphorous levels significantly affected all of the parameters except germination percentage and survival percentage. The maximum plant height （124.39 cm）, numbers of branches （5.32）, numbers of leave plantl （204.89）, leaf areas （148.14 cm2）, fresh flower weight （3.32 g）, fresh calyx weight （2.04 g）, dry calyx weight （0.51 g）, numbers of calyces （105.30）, numbers of root plant-1 （12.78）, root length （24.50 cm） and root weight （29.94 g） were observed in plants fertilized with 40 kg. hm-2 phosphorous and the maximum numbers of days to flowering （148.17） were observed in the control plants. It was concluded from the experimental results that organic phosphorous at the rate 40 kg. hm2 would be used for better production of Roselle under agro-climatic condition of Peshawar.

Effect of Roselle calyces extract on the chemical and sensory properties of functional cupcakes

Roselle calyces(RC)are a major crop for export and used to make a common drink in Egypt.Dried RC are commercially available and appreciated to obtain concentrated extracts which might be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for color and heath benefits.The objective of this research was to determine the chemical and the sensory properties of cupcakes formulated with Roselle calyces extract(RCE).Proximate analysis,anthocyanins,ascorbic acid,titrable acidity,%retaining of anthocyanins,color and sensory evaluations were done.RC cupcakes had high sensory scores(P<0.05)compared to control cupcakes.The parameter a*was significantly red in the RC cupcakes compared to control cupcakes along with 77%retaining of anthocyanins.The consumption of 100 g of the RC cupcakes would provide 465 mg/100 g dry matter anthocyanin that is more than 2 folds of the minimum average of the daily intake of anthocyanins for Americans,along∼1/3 of the daily dietary fiber intake to achieve fiber adequacy according to the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition.RC cupcake can be a functional food and would have a“clean”label with cost effective advantage.

Comparative Studies on Egyptian and Libyan Roselle Seeds as a Source of Lipid and Protein

Proceeding from the fact that the seeds of Roselle plant are full of nutritional constituents, however in Egypt and Libya, they are often discarded as a by-product, this study aims to evaluate the nutritional composition of Roselle seeds grown in Egypt and Libya as a source of oil and protein besides making a comparison between whole chemical composition of Roselle seeds grown in both countries. Ground of whole Egyptian and Libyan Roselle seeds powder contained high amount of protein (31.02% ± 0.93% and 28.67% ± 0.45%), crude fat (21.6% ± 0.66% and 16.94% ± 0.86%) and total ash (6.89% ± 0.11% and 5.60% ± 0.10%), respectively. However, Egyptian seeds have moisture content, protein, crude fat and total ash higher than Libyan seeds. Crude oil from Egyptian seeds had high refractive index and iodine value in comparison with crude oil from Libyan seeds. There were no remarkable differences between both seeds in acidity percent, unsaponifiable matters percent and saponification value. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acid constituents in Egyptian Roselle seeds. Meanwhile linolenic, linoleic, oleic, stearic, palmitoleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acid constituents in Libyan Roselle seeds. Crude oil from Egyptian seeds had higher percent of unsaturated fatty acids than crude oil from Libyan seeds. Unsaponifiable matters constituents for extracted oil from Egyptian seeds were free from n-pentacosane (C25) and rich in n-hexacosane (C26). Oil from both seeds had the same content of Beta sito-sterol and stigma-sterol. Both seeds were rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine and leucine. Libyan seeds were rich in essential amino acids in comparison with Egyptian seeds. Finally nutritional comparison of Roselle seeds variation depends on the variety, location and environmental conditions during cultivation. Roselle seeds are a good source for extraction of oil and protein. Protein from Roselle seeds could be used as a supplement material for poor food in lysine.

Study on Production Process of Roselle Rice Wine

[Objectives]This study was conducted to more systematically explore the traditional brewing process of roselle rice wine. [Methods] With local high-quality white glutinous rice and sun-dried roselle as raw materials for brewing rice wine, on the premise of extensive research on traditional rice wine technology in China, the addition amount of roselle extract, the addition amount of distiller’s yeast, the variation range of after-fermentation temperature and the starting time of after-fermentation were investigated. [Results] The best traditional processing and brewing parameters were the ratio of glutinous rice and roselle extract(mass to volume ratio) at about 1∶1.55, the addition amount of distiller’s yeast of 0.55%, and the fermentation temperature at 30 ℃, and the starting time at 72 h. The sensory quality of the high-quality roselle rice wine that was produced under the best brewing conditions was about(87.7±2.45) points. [Conclusions] A number of hygiene inspection technical indexes in the product all met the current relevant national safety standards in China, providing another technical research direction for the development of a variety of new green healthy beverage projects.

Effects of processing parameters of Roselle seed on its oil yield

The effect of the processing parameters of Roselle seed on its oil yield was investigated.The seeds were ground and classified into two particle sizes(fine and coarse)using ASAE Standard S319.3.The samples were conditioned by adding calculated amount of distilled water to different moisture levels from the initial moisture levels of 4.4%and 5.14%respectively,(fine,4.4%,6.4%,8.4%and 10.4%and coarse samples 5.14%,7.14%,9.14%and 11.14%w.b.).The samples were heated at different temperatures of 80,90,100 and 110℃over a period of 15,20,25 and 30 min,expressed at 15,22.5,30 and 37.5 MPa using hydraulic oil extractor for 10,20,30 and 40 min.Oil yield increases by 5%-6%with an increase in the processing parameters of pressure up to 30 MPa,temperature of 100℃and decreased beyond these points.Oil yield increased by 7%-8%with an increase in moisture content.Finely ground samples were found to have higher yield than coarsely ground samples at the different processing parameters.Processing parameters were found to affect the yield of oil from Roselle seeds.

Potential of Thai Bast Fibers for Injection Molded PLA Composites

Thailand has a huge variability of bast fiber plants,some of which have been little researched regarding their applicability in composites.Bast fiber(bundle)s from different species were investigated and incorporated into a polylactide(PLA)matrix by injection molding.Hemp and kenaf were used as well-studied fibers,while roselle,Fryxell and paper mulberry are less extensively characterized.Tensile strength,tensile modulus and interfacial shear strength(IFSS)of single fiber(bundle)s were highest for hemp,followed by kenaf,roselle,Fryxell and paper mulberry.Despite the lower tensile strength and IFSS of paper mulberry,the highest tensile strength was achieved for the paper mulberry/PLA composite followed by hemp/PLA.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)analyses showed that the single cells in paper mulberry fiber bundles,in contrast to the other fiber types investigated,were only partially bonded to each other,which explains the lower strength of the fiber bundles.The higher aspect ratio of fiber(bundle)s of paper mulberry in the PLA composite can explain the good composite characteristics.Apart from hemp,paper mulberry shows the best reinforcing effect in the PLA matrix and offers interesting potential for composite applications.Compared to neat PLA,the tensile strength could be increased by 24%and the tensile modulus by 54%.

玫瑰茄悬浮培养细胞生长及花青素形成的研究

玫瑰茄悬浮培养细胞生长及花青素形成的研究阮茜郑穗平郭勇（华南理工大学生物工程研究所广州５１０６４１）玫瑰茄（Ｒｏｓｅｌｅ）是锦葵科木锦属一年生直立草本植物，广泛分布于全世界各热带、亚热带地区。在我国福建已有生产性栽培，在广东、广西、云南等省亦有栽培。...

Herbal extracts counteract cisplatin-mediated cell death in rat testis

Aim： To evaluate the protective effects of ginger （Gin） and roselle （Ros） against testicular damage and oxidative stress in a cisplatin （CIS）-induced rodent model. Their protective effects against CIS-induced apoptosis in testicular and epididymal sperms is also investigated. Methods： Ethanol extracts of Gin or Ros （1 g/kg.day） were given orally to male albino rats for 26 days. This period began 21 days before a single CIS intraperitoneal injection （10 mg/kg body weight）. Results： Gin or Ros given orally significantly restored reproductive function. Both tested extracts notably reduced the CIS-induced reproductive toxicity, as evidenced by restoring the testis normal morphology. In Gin and Ros, the attenuation of CIS-induced damage was associated with less apoptotic cell death both in the testicular tissue and in the sperms. CIS-induced alterations of testicular lipid peroxidation were markedly improved by these plant extracts. Conclusion： The present results provide further insights into the mechanisms of protection against CIS-induced reproductive toxicity and confirm the essential anti-oxidant potential of both examined extracts. （Asian J Androl 2008 Mar; 10： 291-297）

醋酯纤维Rosel的针织及染色性能研究

研究了醋酯纤维Rosel的针织性能、染色性能及其在针织生产上的实际应用。