Physiological Dynamics and Transcriptomic Analysis of Cut Roses‘Carola’Treated with KNO_(3)

The consumption of cut roses(Rosa hybrida)has always ranked first in the world.However,it is vulnerable to rapid petal and leaf wilting due to leaf stomatal water loss,which seriously affects its ornamental quality and economic value.Stomatal movement,a key in plant physiological processes,is influenced by potassium and nitrate.Advancing comprehension of its physiological and molecular mechanism holds promise for preserving the freshness of cut roses.This study observed the impacts of different concentrations of KNO_(3) vase treatments on stomatal opening and water loss in cut rose‘Carola’leaves,as well as their transcriptional responses to KNO_(3).Water loss rates were influenced by KNO_(3) concentrations,with the 25 and 75 mmol/L treatments exhibiting the highest water loss rates.The stomatal aperture reached its widest value when treated with 75 mmol/L KNO_(3).Transcriptional sequencing analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of which 5456 were up-regulated,and 6607 were down-regulated associated with photosynthesis,starch and sucrose metabolism,metabolic pathways,plant-pathogen interaction,plant hormone signal transduction,and related pathways.246 DEGs were selected related to response to KNO_(3) treatment,of which gene ontology(GO)enrichment were nitrate and terpenoid metabolism,ion transport,and response to stimuli.Further heatmap analysis revealed that several genes related to nitrate transport a metabolism,K+transport,vacuoles,and aquaporin were in close association with the response to KNO_(3) treatment.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)revealed that hub genes,including LAX2,TSJT1,and SCPL34 were identified in turquoise,black,and darkgreen module.Transcription factors such as NAC021,CDF3,ERF053,ETR2,and ARF6 exhibited regulatory roles in the response to KNO_(3) treatment under light conditions.These findings provide valuable insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of cut rose leaves to KNO_(3) treatment.

Giorgio Vasari’s Tondo for the Madonna of the Rosary: Angels With Roses, Emblems of Love

In 1569,Giorgio Vasari(1511-1574)completed painting an altarpiece of the Madonna of the Rosary and a Tondo of angels dispersing roses.The commission was for the private chapel of the Capponi family in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence.In his Ricordanze(Book of Records),Vasari explained the commission as well as documenting the assistance of his favorite Florentine pupil,Jacopo Zucchi(1541-1590),in the completion of the commission.This essay focusses on Vasari’s design,location,and meaning of the Tondo and its emblematic symbolism of love through the rose motif.

Progress in Research of Roses in Diabetes Treatment

Diabetes is a common endocrine and metabolic disease,which is mainly caused by insufficient insulin secretion and improper secretion of glucagon by the pancreas.The mortality of diabetes and its complications is only second to tumors and cardiovascular diseases.At present,the research on natural drugs related to diabetes attracts much attention,and roses,as a traditional Chinese medicine that can be used as both medicine and food,are considered to be a new therapeutic agent for diabetes research in the future.In this paper,progress in research on the treatment of diabetes by rose was reviewed from the aspects of chemical constituents,pharmacological effects and their relationship with diabetes.The review includes Rosa rugosa Thunb.,Branchlets R.rugosa Thunb.,R.damascena Miller and R.damascena‘Hetian’.It can be seen that roses are rich in polyphenols,flavonoids,pectic bee pollen polysaccharide,quercetin,tannins,organic acids and other hypoglycemic chemical components.Modern pharmacological studies show that roses have hypoglycemic effects.It has been reported in animal experiments that rose extract can reduce blood sugar and improve diabetes symptoms.However,the clinical hypoglycemic effect and hypoglycemic mechanism of rose have yet to be clarified,and the comparative study of hypoglycemic effects of different rose varieties has not been published.

Analysis of the Homogeneity of Wind Roses' Groups Employing Andrews’ Curves

The homogeneity of groups of 16-dimensional wind direction roses (obtained by hierarchical clustering in a previous report) is discussed through the application of Andrews’ Curves. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed to reduce dimensionality and to provide an ordering of the variables to compute Andrews’ Curves. Our results suggest that Andrews’ Curves greatly facilitate the visualization of homogeneity as well as reveal information that allows improving the clusters’ arrangement. A combined analysis employing Andrews’ Curves and Calinkski and Harabasz’ approach (a method for determining the optimal number of groups) helps to assess the strength of the group structure of the data as well as to detect anomalies such as misclassified objects or atypical values. Furthermore, it allows finding out that the 24 original seasonal hourly roses (representing the “day”) become better represented by 6 groups (rather than by 5 as proposed in the previous report). The new group arrangement was consistent with the dendogram for another cut-off distance. As a result the wind occurrences are now represented by a more detailed and smooth pattern: there is a decrease in northern wind between midday and twilight while eastern winds become more important towards the evening. The methodology proposed is a subject to be considered to become part of an automated system.

乳腺癌143例根治术、ROSES术、Ⅰ型改良术疗效比较

乳腺癌是女性常见的癌肿之一。我院自１９８８年～１９９５年收治乳腺癌１６３例，其中根治术６４例，ＲＯＳＥＳ手术３１例；Ⅰ型改良术４８例，其它手术２０例。本文就３种术式的并发症及５、１０年生存率进行对比分析。１临床资料１．１一般资料乳腺癌１４３例，年龄１...

Coming up Roses An NPC deputy’s rose empire is helping lift farmers out of poverty in Sanya

The Chinese people are totally opposed to corruption. Establishing supervi sory commissions to perform duties in accordance with the Supervision Law will be the most effective way to fight corruption.

Genetic control of flowering time in woody plants： Roses as an emerging model

Genetic control of the timing of flowering in woody plants is complex and has yet to be adequately investigated due to their long life-cycle and difficulties in genetic modification.Studies in Populus,one of the best woody plant models,have revealed a highly conserved genetic network for flowering timing in annuals.However,traits like continuous flowering cannot be addressed with Populus.Roses and strawberries have relatively small,diploid genomes and feature enormous natural variation.With the development of new genetic populations and genomic tools,roses and strawberries have become good models for studying the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulation of flowering in woody plants.Here,we review findings on the molecular and genetic factors controlling continuous flowering in roses and woodland strawberries.Natural variation at TFL1 orthologous genes in both roses and strawberries seems be the key plausible factor that regulates continuous flowering.However,recent efforts suggest that a two-recessive-loci model may explain the controlling of continuous flowering in roses.We propose that epigenetic factors,including non-coding RNAs or chromatin-related factors,might also play a role.Insights into the genetic control of flowering time variation in roses should benefit the development of new germplasm for woody crops and shed light on the molecular genetic bases for the production and maintenance of plant biodiversity.

ISSR Analysis of Hybrid Descendants of Roses

Four different rose hybrid populations were analyzed by ISSR technique with nine polymorphic primers. All of the primers produced 64 bands, of which 59 were polymorphic. The average of polymorphic bands was 6.6 for each primer. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 57.1% to 100%, with an average of 92.3%. An UPGMA dendrogram showed five groups. The primer numbered with PI9 and PI11 had relatively high resolution in identifying the F1 offspring in this research.

Expansion and expression diversity of FAR1/FRS-like genes provides insights into flowering time regulation in roses

Roses are important horticultural plants with enormous diversity in flowers and flowering behavior.However,molecular regulation of flowering time variation in roses remains poorly characterized.Here,we report an expansion of the FAR1/FRS-like genes that correlates well with the switch to prostrate-toerect growth of shoots upon flowering in Rosa wichuraiana‘Basye's Thornless'(BT).With the availability of the high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for BT that we developed recently,we identified 91 RwFAR1/FRS-like genes,a significant expansion in contrast to 52 in Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’(OB),a founder genotype in modern rose domestication.Rose FAR1/FRS-like proteins feature distinct variation in protein domain structures.The dispersed expansion of RwFAR1/FRS-like genes occurred specifically in clade I and II and is significantly associated with transposon insertion in BT.Most of the RwFAR1/FRS-like genes showed relatively higher expression level than their corresponding orthologs in OB.FAR1/FRS-like genes regulate light-signaling processes,shade avoidance,and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana.Therefore,the expansion and duplication of RwFAR1/FRS-like genes,followed by diversification in gene expression,might offer a novel leverage point for further understanding the molecular regulation of the variation in shoot-growth behavior and flowering time in roses.

The Effect of Photon Flux Density and Lighting Period on Growth,Flowering,Powdery Mildew and Water Relations of Miniature Roses

Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) were grown at 100 and 150 μmol m-2·s-1 photon flux densities (PFD) with 16, 20 and 24 h·day-1 lighting periods (LP) in a greenhouse compartment in midwinter at latitude 59° north. The study included 10 different treatments and six rose cultivars, altogether 900 plants. The 16 and 20 h LP were applied with or without a dark period of 8 and 4 h·day-1, respectively, by timing the LP in relation to daylight that lasted for 7 - 8 h. Number of days until flowering decreased with an increase in PFD and in LP up to 24 day-1 and was unaffected by the timing of the 16 and 20 h·day-1 LP. Number of flowers and plant dry weight increased 20% to 30% by increasing the PFD. Plant dry weight increased by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 (about 25%), but no effect was found with a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Mean growth rate until flowering increased 30% to 40% by increasing the PFD or by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h day-1, while little effect was found by a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Increasing the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 increased the growth rate more than increasing the PFD did. Three of the cultivars were tested for water loss after the detachment of some leaves. Leaves that had developed without a dark period showed a considerably higher water loss than the treatments that included a dark period of 4 or 8 h·day-1. The keeping quality at indoor conditions, however, was unaffected by the treatment due to sufficient watering. Powdery mildew developed significantly more on plants grown with a dark period of 8 h as compared with the other treatments. It was concluded that 20 h·day-1 LP including a dark period of 4 h·day-1 and a PFD of at least 150 μmol·m-2·s-1 should be applied to miniature roses during the winter months in order to effectively produce miniature pot roses with a high quality.

On the Economic Benefits of Cut Roses Planting in Sanya

The study aims to promote the off-season cut roses industry in Hainan Province to the whole island and even whole China. Based on the production data in latest three years,the theory of time value was introduced to analyze the economic benefits of cut roses planting in South Hainan. According to the research findings,the cut roses create a NPV of $22 000 /667m2 with a net NPV rate of 34. 24%,an internal rate of return of 76. 36%,and a dynamic payback of 1. 05,bringing the farmers a revenue of $7 200 /667m2 per capita per year. Since the largescale planting of cut roses needs a high investment,it is suggested that the government should increase its support for the cut rose industry.

Cultural Practices for Edible Roses in the Open Field in Tropical Areas

The edible rose was planted on trial in Hainan under the tropical oceanic climate environment according to its botanic characteristics and growth habit. A set of cultural practices suitable for the edible rose planted in Hainan was summarized, including land selection, land preparation, variety selection, planting requirements, field management, pruning, flowering regulation, and control of pests and diseases.

The Symbolic Meanings of Roses in Shakespeare’s Sonnets

The paper explores the symbolic meanings of roses in Shakespeare’s sonnets. In Shakespeare’s 154 sonnets, therose imagery is placed in a dominant position among all the other flower imagery. In general, rose is one of themost conventional images in the sonnet. But in addition to the traditional symbol of beauty and love, rose in thesonnet shows more symbolic meanings: a symbol of vitality and reproduction, a symbol of friendship and devotion,and a symbol of fidelity and immortality. The symbolic rose, to a great extent, reflects the Renaissance humanistShakespeare’s values and ideals of humanism. By successfully employing the rose imagery, Shakespeare extols thevirtues of reproduction, displays his faith in the immortality of his verse, and conveys the message of appreciatingand cherishing the beauty, goodness, and truth.

The Roses of Durham

This paper recalls the 1942 Rose Bowl game,which was relocated from its traditional site at Pasadena,California,to Duke University in Durham,North Carolina.The Tournament of Roses nearly cancelled the game after a government request to avoid large crowds on the West Coast,in light of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.Duke,originally selected as the visiting team to play Pacific Coast Conference champion Oregon State University,resolved the dilemma by offering to stage the game at its campus stadium.Duke Stadium had a capacity of only 35,000,much smaller than the Rose Bowl stadium,and 20,000 temporary seats from nearby University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University were added to accommodate fans.On the strength of a 13-point third quarter,Oregon State upset undefeated Duke,20-16,in the 28th Rose Bowl game.The game returned to Pasadena the following year.With Allied victory at the Battle of Midway and stabilization of the Pacific Theater of war,the West Coast was considered secure enough to host large events.The move of the 1942 Rose Bowl was the first of many impacts on sport generally and college football in particular caused by World War II.With male enrollment reduced drastically,many colleges and universities did not field a football team for one or more seasons during the war.Prominent players were killed in action,including some who competed in the 1942 Rose Bowl.Coaches likewise joined the war effort,notably Wallace Wade of Duke.Following the war,the readjustment of servicemen extended to the gridiron,as football rosters included many veterans.Yet the 1942 Rose Bowl has new relevance beyond its 75th anniversary.The 2008 Southeastern Conference men’s basketball tournament was moved when a tornado struck Atlanta.In 2015 terrorists attacked a soccer stadium in Paris,raising new consciousness of the global threat of terrorism.Sport managers strive to make events safe,not only at the venue,but within an expanding perimeter.

吉他演奏家马丁诺Solo小七和弦概念化演奏分析

马丁诺在15岁就开始职业演出,演奏技巧绝佳。同时,他也是位态度上非常开放的乐手,能够接受各种不同风格的元素,他的表现方式,直接开启了Sonny Sharrock等后来的前卫吉他手的道路。本论根据马丁诺在《Linear Expressions》中对和弦的替换思维方式,结合他于1970年01月01日在《Exit》中重新演绎的《Days Of Wine And Roses》《How insensitive》Solo线条部分,分析IIM7和弦之外连接。通过对马丁诺在《Linear Expressions》中提到的他对和弦进行下的小和弦替代思维方式,这种概念化的思维方式对吉他手、爵士乐手来说具有研究和学习的价值。本文主要分析了四种和弦进行下的替换思维,包括大大七和弦组,大小七和弦以及变化的属七和弦,半减七和弦。

基于ROSE2.0的普洱地区CINRAD/CC雷达冰雹探测算法评估及参数本地化

为提高冰雹探测算法(Hail Detection Algorithm, HDA)产品的可用性,针对2015—2020年普洱地区监测到的22次冰雹个例,利用新一代雷达业务应用软件ROSE2.0对相关雷达基数据进行回放及产品分析,以命中率、虚警率、临界成功指数为指标对HDA算法在普洱地区的识别效果进行评估并给出本地化参数配置方案。结果表明:HDA算法在普洱地区命中率接近100%,但虚警现象非常普遍,使用强冰雹概率(Probability of Severe Hail, POSH)的预警效果优于任意大小冰雹概率(Probability of Hail, POH),且冰雹尺寸越大POSH虚警的概率越低。进一步使用模拟测评法对POSH算法的适配参数进行分析,发现正确输入降雹日当天的0℃层和-20℃层高度能有效减少POSH的虚警率及提高临界成功指数;同时使算法预测的最大冰雹直径普遍偏大的情况得到控制,其中,中小冰雹直径偏离百分比减小76.07%,改善效果显著高于大冰雹。此外,增大反射率因子及POSH阈值能有效控制虚警,但也导致漏报次数快速增加,当阈值太大时命中率明显降低,为了保证较高的命中率和临界成功指数,选择Z=50 dBz或POSH=70%为阈值能明显改善HDA算法的识别效果。

火龙果根际高效解磷菌的筛选

解磷菌能使难溶性的矿质磷成为可被植物吸收和利用的游离态磷,为了得到高效解磷菌株,通过平板溶磷圈法和钼锑抗比色法筛选了2株具有较强解磷性能的细菌,观察分析2株菌种的形态和生理生化特征。研究发现,菌落的形态是淡黄色不透明状,呈现不规则形状,菌落表面较为湿润、不黏稠以及平滑。芽孢经过染色后,在油镜的镜检下可以发现有深色的芽孢。该菌株能吸收利用葡萄糖、蔗糖等多种糖类,同时也能够分解淀粉,但是不能分解纤维素;明胶内部没有明显液化,硝酸盐还原试验中为阳性反应,小倒管内无明显气泡出现。通过16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,这2个菌株为地衣芽孢杆菌。

Effect of Modified Biochar with Organic Fertiliser on the Growth and Development of Chinese Rose

In order to reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and promote the large-scale and high-quality development of the Chinese rose industry. In this experiment, corn stover biochar, phosphoric acid modified biochar and organic fertilizer were used as test materials, and the effects of mixed application of modified biochar and organic fertilizer on the growth and development of Chinese rose as well as soil physicochemical properties were investigated by using the method of pot planting test. The results showed that modified biochar with organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the enhancement of soil pH, organic matter content and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. After 120 d of planting, modified biochar with organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the enhancement of plant height and crown width of Chinese rose;both organic fertilizer and modified biochar with organic fertilizer significantly increased the chlorophyll content of Chinese rose. The number of flowers and the number of branches were the highest in the modified biochar with organic fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, the application of modified biochar with organic fertilizer can better improve the soil pH, and increase the soil organic matter content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to change the biological traits of Chinese rose. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizers and the resource utilization of agricultural wastes and guarantee the sustainable development of the cut flower industry.

An Analysis of A Rose for Emily from the Perspective of Spatial Narrative

The novel A Rose for Emily is one of the early works of William Faulkner,a famous American southern writer who has won The Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950.Spatial narrative theory analyzes and summarizes the spatial characteristics of modern and postmodern novels,showing the narrative characteristics of the works that the time is disrupted and suspended,and the space is extended indefinitely.This paper intends to interpret A Rose for Emily from the perspective of spatial narrative theory,and analyze the geological space,social space and text space in the novel,so as to reveal the important role of spatial structure in creating atmosphere and promoting narrative process,in order to better grasp the spatial metaphors in Faulkner’s novels.

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