太空诱变对迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)形态参数、光合能力和次生代谢产物含量和成分的影响

以未经太空诱变的迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)为对照,研究了经返回式卫星搭载进行太空诱变后迷迭香在形态参数、光合作用以及次生产物代谢方面的变化。结果显示:太空诱变后,迷迭香优良株系的株高、冠幅、分枝数、分枝长、地上部生物量等形态参数有了明显提高,特别是反映迷迭香可采收量的地上部生物量,比诱变前提高了1.24倍。进一步研究发现,光合能力的提升是迷迭香诱变株系形态参数发生变化的一个重要原因,因为迷迭香诱变株系的叶绿素含量、最大净光合速率、表观量子效率比对照明显提高,而光补偿点则明显下降。作为迷迭香中最主要的生物活性物质,鼠尾草酸、迷迭香酸和精油的含量在太空诱变株系中明显高于对照,并且精油中主要组分的比例也发生了显著变化。上述结果表明,太空诱变中迷迭香可获得生物产量和经济产量的有益突变,从而证明航天育种技术在迷迭香优良品种选育中是可行的。

贵州引种的迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)中挥发油化学成分分析

对贵州引种的迷迭香中挥发油的化学成分进行定性和定量分析 ,并与不同来源的迷迭香油的化学成分进行比较。结果表明 ,从贵州引种的迷迭香挥发油中分离出 38种成分 ,鉴定出 2 7种 ,鉴定率为71 0 5 % ,主要成分是α -蒎烯 (α -Pinene) ,含量 2 5 .4 4% ;1,8-桉树脑 (1,8-Cineole) ,含量 2 0 .2 7% ;其次是樟脑 (Camphor) ,含量 7.6 7% ;莰烯 (Camphene) ,含量 7.10 % ;龙脑 (Borneol) ,含量 3.30 % ;β -石竹烯 (β -Caryophyllene) ,含量 3.2 3%。贵州引种的迷迭香中挥发油的化学成分主要是α -蒎烯、1,8-桉树脑 ,占挥发油检出成分的 4 5 .71%。该挥发油按化学成分分类属α -蒎烯、1.

The Effect of N-Fertilization on Rosmarinus Officinalis L. （An Upright Variety） Yield in Central Greece

The effect of three different N-fertilization levels （NI： 625, N2：385 and N3：770 kg hal; where in case of N1 was used the 3-6-10＋3MGO＋30% OM and in cases of N2-N3 the 26-0-0 fertilizers） on fresh and dry weight of the perennial Rosmarinus officinalis （upright cultivar） was investigated during the 2nd year after establishment at the Experimental Farm of the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly in Greece （TEI; Larissa plain） in 2015. It is well documented that the crop reaches its potential yield on the third year of cultivation and continues producing biomass for as long as eight years. Complete weather data （air temperature, radiation, air humidity, precipitation） were recorded hourly in an automatic meteorological station, which was installed to the experimental farm of TEI. Upon harvest （November 3rd 2015）, the crop reached a maximum fresh yield of 11.67 tons per hectare and dry yield of 4.3, respectively. The average fresh weight was 8.2, 8.4 and 8.9 t hal and the dry weight were 2.6, 3.1 and 3.2 t ha-1 for the N1, N2 and N3 levels, respectively. Furthermore the higher moisture content was observed in the case of N1 level （68%）. Therefore, the above data show that rosemary cultivation could be a promising alternative crop, especially in case of the consideration that average selling price of dry rosemary in Greece is 3.5 ∈ kg^-1 and the average gross income exceeds the amount of 10,000 ∈ ha^-1.

Antibacterial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.alone and in combination with cefuroxime against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of rosemary ethanol extract,alone and in combination with cefuroxime,were studied.Results:The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the ethanol extract of rosemary were in the range of 0.39-3.13 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) were usually equal to or double that MICs.The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the ethanol extract of rosemary and cefuroxime indicated their synergistic effects against all MRSAs.Conclusions:The present work clearly demonstrates that rosemary has a key role in the elevation of susceptibility toβ-lactams.

Kinetic Study of the Oxidative Degradation of Choiba Oil(Dipteryx oleifera Benth.)with Addition of Rosemary Extract(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

Choibá (Dipteryx oleifera Benth.) is a promising source of edible oil with high nutritional quality and a significant content of oleic acid (52% - 54%). To promote Choibá as source of edible oil is necessary to ensure its stability along the time of production, distribution and storage. Loss of nutritional and organoleptic quality in lipids is mainly due to lipid peroxidation reactions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the oxidative stability of Choibá oil at 100°C ± 1°C with aeration (1150 mL air/min) supplemented with rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), at 1000 mg/L (RE1000) and 1500 mg/L (RE1500), and with BHT (200 mg/L) and from this results to evaluate the degradation kinetics and shelf-life of Choibá oil at 35°C, 45°C and 55°C without addition of antioxidants (Control) and with addition of best concentration of rosemary extract obtained from previous study. Progress in oil oxidation was measured through the extent of oxidation products: peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results revealed that the addition of rosemary extract at 1500 mg/L significantly reduced de formation of hydroperoxides (PV), more than BHT. Through correlations between concentrations of antioxidant (including control without antioxidant) with peroxide values, the kinetics of degradation and shelf-life of Choibá oil with predictive models are evaluated in real time and accelerated (35°C, 45°C and 55°C) using the Arrhenius equation. In addition, the oxidation reactions of this oil follow a first order kinetic model for PV and zero order kinetic model for TBARS. The rate of formation of PV was dependent on the storage temperature, according to the Arrhenius equation with the activation energy of 4611.5071 J/mol for Control and 7409.5771 J/mol for RE1500 treatment. The result of TBARS didn’t adjust to Arrhenius model, thus measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) wasn’t a useful parameter for shelf-life determination of Choibá oil.

不同种源迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)种子萌发特性比较研究

在实验室条件下对6个种源迷迭香种子进行重量、形状及萌发特性的比较研究。迷迭香种子近椭圆形,长宽比为1.74～1.98,种子百粒重在0.12～0.18 g之间。其中,欧洲种源种子重量显著高于美洲种源种子(P<0.05)。萌发环境因子试验中,光照、温度和不同种源地对种子的发芽势和发芽率影响差异显著(P<0.05),15℃和光照条件下迷迭香种子有最高的发芽率;源于法国的种子发芽率为82%,显著高于其他种源地的种子发芽率(P<0.05),源于美国的种子发芽率最低,仅有27%;来自法国的种子平均发芽时间最长,为11 d,来自美国的平均发芽时间最短,为3 d。不同种源间发芽势与发芽率的变化趋势相同,发芽率与平均发芽时间呈负相关性,发芽率与种源地花期降雨量呈负相关性。迷迭香种子存在生理后熟或休眠机制,花期温度和降雨是影响不同种源种子萌发能力差异的主要原因,可将6个种源种子其分为欧洲和北美洲两大类,其形态学和生理指标表现出较强的地域性。

Chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and antioxidant action against gastric damage induced by absolute ethanol in the rat

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis were evaluated against gastric injury induced by absolute ethanol. Gastric tissues were prepared to enzymatic assays. The levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured.Results: Ethanol produced severe hemorrhagic lesions in the stomach with ulcerative lesion of(140.2 ± 37.2) mm2. In animals pretreated with essential oil of R. officinalis(50 mg/kg, p.o.), a significant inhibition of mucosal injury of(21.2 ± 7.1) mm2(84%inhibition) was observed. The essential oil of R. officinalis protected the gastric mucosa probably by modulating the activities of the enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and increasing or maintaining the levels of glutathione. In addition,lipid peroxides levels were reduced. The essential oil of R. officinalis was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer and the main constituents were cineole(28.5%),camphor(27.7%) and alpha-pinene(21.3%).Conclusions: We suggest that the monoterpenes present in the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis may be among the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activity shown by essential oil of R. officinalis.

资源植物迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)在贵州喀斯特生境中生长状况初报

本研究是针对贵州喀斯特高原脆弱生态区日益恶劣的生态环境,以区域可持续发展为目标,对新型资源植物迷迭香(Rosmarinusofficinalis)进行石灰土上的栽培实验,得出以下结论:在生长状况上,迷迭香具有较大的分枝能力,适宜选择春季和秋季温暖、雨量不多的时期扦插,一般在10月和4月最佳,要求排水良好的地势和土壤,土壤湿度应保持在15%-70%之间。在贵州喀斯特石灰土生境中不仅能够生长,而且在土壤相对含水量为15%-70%时长势良好。

Essential oil of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>L. and <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>L.: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens

The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.

Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies for the Sorption of Mercury (II) onto Activated Carbon from <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>Leaves

The present work deals with the equilibrium adsorption of Hg(II) onto carbonized Rosmarinus officinalis leaves (ACROL) as a new adsorbent from aqueous solution and it has been investigated. ACROL samples were prepared by physical carbonization at 773 K for 1 h. Titration method was used to determine the concentration of Hg(II) before and after adsorption onto ACROL by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA, as chelating agent. Batch equilibrium studies were carried out under different experimental conditions such as Hg(II) concentration and temperature. The relationship between the amount of Hg(II) onto ACROL can be described using four tow-parameter isotherm models. The equilibrium sorption data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich (DRK) and Temkin isotherms. The experimental results were found to fit the Langmuir isotherm model with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 588.2 mg/g at 318 K, while they were found to fit the Freundlich isotherm model at 298 K. The KL was decreased with increasing temperature, indicating a bond strength between Hg(II) and ACROL decreased with increasing temperature and sorption is exothermic. From DRK isotherm, free energy, E, was higher than 31 kJ/mol suggesting the Hg(II) adsorption onto ACROL chemical sorption. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the process is spontaneous nature of Hg(II) adsorption by ACROL and exothermic. The findings from this research show that ACROL has capability to remove Hg(II) from aqueous solutions.

Stability Study of O/W Cosmetic Emulsions Using <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>and <i>Calendula officinalis</i>Extracts

Cosmetic emulsions, as all macro emulsions, are inherently unstable systems, from a thermodynamic viewpoint. More specific eco-friendly oil/water (O/W) cosmetic emulsions are usually less stable than conventional ones as milder chemicals or less intense (energy consuming) production processes are involved. In this context, two traditional techniques an optical technique and a volumetric one have been used for the assessment of the stability of cosmetic emulsions and compared to each other. Eco-friendly cosmetic emulsions were produced with different olive oil/water extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis and Calendula officinalis extracts) and emulsifier (Glycerol monostearate, GMS) concentrations. Emulsions’ stability was registered simultaneously by 1) Microscopy photos of samples withdrawn at regular intervals from the test vessel;2) global volumetric measurements of the different phases (water/oil/emulsion) inside the test vessel made at regular intervals for determining the evolution of the location of the phases separation interface. Analysis of the results of each technique and comparisons among them are presented and discussed in detail.

HPLC-ICP-MS测定富硒芦笋中硒代蛋氨酸的不确定度评定

目的:对高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定富硒芦笋中硒代蛋氨酸含量的不确定度进行分析评定。方法:按照行业标准《粮谷中硒代半胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸的测定液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法》(NY/T 3556—2020)对富硒芦笋中硒代蛋氨酸的含量进行检测,依据《测量不确定度评定和表示》(GB/T 27418—2017)和《化学分析中测量不确定度评估指南》(RB/T 030—2020)对引入的各类不确定度分量进行分类,通过构建数学模型精确评价测定过程中的测量不确定度。结果:当富硒芦笋中硒代蛋氨酸含量为0.558 mg·kg^(-1)时,在95%的置信区间下,扩展不确定度为0.034 mg·kg^(-1)(k=2)。影响检测结果不确定度的主要因素为试样提取回收率、标准溶液配制和标准曲线拟合。结论:在测定过程中,应保证标液和器具质量,并严格按照标准化流程操作,以降低测量不确定度,获得更加准确的测量结果。

用荧光显微镜技术观察药用野生稻(Oryza officinalis Wall)和转基因水稻的不亲和性

采用荧光显微镜技术观察转基因水稻花粉在药用野生稻柱头上的萌发及在花柱内的生长过程,以明确两者之间不亲和性发生的阶段,为判断其能否发生基因漂流提供依据。结果表明,两种转基因栽培稻(Y003和99t)的花粉在药用野生稻柱头上的萌发率均比药用野生稻自花授粉的低,花粉管在花柱中的生长速度较慢,且分别在到达花柱中部(Y003)或花柱基部(99t)时停止生长,顶端异常膨大,杂交子房逐渐萎缩,结实率为0。药用野生稻与栽培稻杂交不亲和的原因是花粉管在花柱中停止生长、不能进入胚囊完成受精,在自然条件下转基因栽培稻中的外源基因向药用野生稻漂流的可能性较小。

Greenhouse Intercropping of Green Asparagus(Asparagus officinalis Linn) and Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.)

Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus （Asparagus officinalis Linn） and coriander （Coriandrum sativurn L.） not only could increase vegetable kinds, but also could improve cropping index, and the asparagus growers＇ income could also be improved. This paper introduced the intercropping technique of green asparagus and coriander, so as to provide technical support for large-area extension of greenhouse green asparagus cultivation and break the situation of single mode for .qreenhouse cultivation.

Ultraviolet irradiation induced oxidative stress and response of antioxidant system in an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L.

The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L.to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated.Results showed that superoxide dimutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POX） increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation.Catalase （CAT） activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation （Muv） and high dosage of UV-B irradiation （Huv） treatments were significantly decreased.Ascorbate peroxidase （APX） activity first remained unaltered and then increased in Huv treatment.In addition,the assay on isozymes was carried out using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （PAGE）.The activities of some SOD isoforms were altered by UV-B.Two new bands （POX V and POX VII） appeared upon exposure to all three UV-B dosages.CAT III activity was increased by low dosage of UV-B irradiation （Luv）,whereas CAT III and CAT IV disappeared when the alga was exposed to Muv and Huv.Two bands of APX （APX VI and APX VII） were increased and a new band （APX X） was observed under Huv exposure.H 2 O 2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance （TBARS） increased under Muv and Huv treatments.Overall,UV-B protection mechanisms are partly inducible and to a certain extent sufficient to prevent the accumulation of damage in C.officinalis.

In vitro effects of Salvia officinalis L.essential oil on Candida albicans

Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(S.officinalis)essential oil against Candida albicans(C.albicans)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C.albicans to polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)resin surface.Methods:Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S.officinalis L.essential oil against the reference strain(ATCC 90028)and 2 clinical strains of C.albicans.Then the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal lethal concentration(MLX)were determined by modified membrane method.The adhesion of C.albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S.officinalis L.essential oil at various concentrations of 1XMIC.0.5XMIC and 0.25XMIC at room temperature for30 min.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons.Results:5.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C.albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm.The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains.According to the effects on C.albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface,it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1XMIC(2.780 g/L).0.5XMIC(1.390 g/L)and0.25XMIC(0.695 g/L)for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusions:S.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C.albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface.With further testing and development,S.officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.

Effective component from verbena officinalis L.inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human choriocarcinoma JAR cells

Objective:To examine the action of the effective component,4'-methylether-scutellarein,from Verbena officinalis L.(VOL)on the proliferation and apoptosis of human choriocarcinomaJAR cells.Methods:Cell proliferation was measured by MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyl tetrasodium bromide,MTT]assay and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine(~3H-TdR).Apoptosis of cell was evaluated by flow cytometry(FCM)and the characteristic apoptoticDNA ladder by agarose gel electrophoresis,and the morphological changes of apoptotic JAR cellswere observed under fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy(EM).Expressions of ap-optosis proteins,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)and caspase-3,-8,and -9 were deter-mined with Western blot.Results:The effective component from VOL inhibited the proliferation of JAR cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The treated cell cycle was arrested in S phase and an apoptotic peakwas found in S phase using FCM analysis.A typical DNA ladder appeared in the treatment groupwhen analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Using fluorescence microscopy,the percentage ofapoptotic cell was 0.9%,6%,and 14% after treatments of 10,20,and 40 mg·L^(-1) of the effec-tive component,respectively,for 48 h.Typical apoptotic changes,such as condensed chromatinand presence of apoptotic bodies,were observed under EM.Treatment with effective componentfor 48 h and 72 h also induced protein expression of PARP and caspase-3,-8,and -9 as seen byWestern blot.Conclusions:The effective component from VOL inhibits cell proliferation and induces apop-tosis in human choriocarcinoma JAR cells.

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of <i>Salvia officinalis</i>L. Hydroalcoholic Extract in Male Rats

The antioxidant effects of Salvia officinalis L. hydroalcoholic extract and also its hepatoprotective effects in male rats were evaluated. Salvia officinalis L. extract was administered intraperitoneally for 28 days. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase and alkaline phosphates in rats coadministered with both isoniazid (INH) 50 mg/kg and Salvia officinalis L. extract at 250 mg/kg showed significant reduction when compared to INH group, but administration of Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg alone and with INH has alleviated gamma-glutamyl transferase comparing to INH receiving rats. After treatment of rats with INH 50mg/kg, severe tissue necrosis, and inflammation of central vein in liver and lymphocyte proliferation were observed;in the experimental group receiving Salvia officinalis L. extract (250 mg/kg) mild dilution in central vein and sinusoids in liver were seen. In rats coadministered with Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg and INH low sinusoids dilution was indicated. It seems that Salvia officinalis L. extract exhibited anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects.

The Anatomical Structure of Vegetative Organs <i>Lavandula officinalis</i>Chaix in the Introduction of Tashkent Botanical Garden

The article presents the results of research carried out by light microscopy of the anatomical structure of vegetative organs (leaf, root and stem) Lavandula officinalis Chaix of the family Lamiaceae introduced into the conditions of the Tashkent Botanical Garden of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Our studies have shown that the presence or absence of trichomes can serve as an informative sign. In L. officinalis trichomes are simple unicellular two-terminal;three-terminal and multi-terminal. Lavender leaf hairs accumulate essential oils under the cuticle of secreting cells, the cuticle are tightly attached to the membranes of the secretory cells due to the absence of excretion products. Based on the results of a study of the morphological and anatomical features of the leaf of L. officinalis, it has been established that the forms of covering hairs and essential oil glands are of diagnostic value. In the epidermal, palisade and cortex parenchymal cells of the vegetative organs, yellow-orange essential (lavender) oil is noted. Identified diagnostic features that can be used in taxonomy and can be used to identify plant materials can also be used to develop indicators of authenticity in this type of raw material.

Establishment of Rapid Propagation System for Saponaria officinalis L. Progeny After EMS Mutation

Saponaria officinalis L. seeds were treated with different concentrations of chemical mutagen to determine the impact of media with various hormone concentrations on the induction of mutated （Saponaria officinalis L.） seeds＇ adventitious buds and rooting culture by using tissue culture technology. The results indicated that the optimum concentration of the chemical mutagen-EMS was 0.3%; the optimum induction medium was MS＋6-BA 1.5 mg · L^-1, NAA 0.1 mg · L^-1 and the optimum rooting medium was MS＋0.05 mg · L^-1 NAA.