不同种源迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)种子萌发特性比较研究

在实验室条件下对6个种源迷迭香种子进行重量、形状及萌发特性的比较研究。迷迭香种子近椭圆形,长宽比为1.74～1.98,种子百粒重在0.12～0.18 g之间。其中,欧洲种源种子重量显著高于美洲种源种子(P<0.05)。萌发环境因子试验中,光照、温度和不同种源地对种子的发芽势和发芽率影响差异显著(P<0.05),15℃和光照条件下迷迭香种子有最高的发芽率;源于法国的种子发芽率为82%,显著高于其他种源地的种子发芽率(P<0.05),源于美国的种子发芽率最低,仅有27%;来自法国的种子平均发芽时间最长,为11 d,来自美国的平均发芽时间最短,为3 d。不同种源间发芽势与发芽率的变化趋势相同,发芽率与平均发芽时间呈负相关性,发芽率与种源地花期降雨量呈负相关性。迷迭香种子存在生理后熟或休眠机制,花期温度和降雨是影响不同种源种子萌发能力差异的主要原因,可将6个种源种子其分为欧洲和北美洲两大类,其形态学和生理指标表现出较强的地域性。

太空诱变对迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)形态参数、光合能力和次生代谢产物含量和成分的影响

以未经太空诱变的迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)为对照,研究了经返回式卫星搭载进行太空诱变后迷迭香在形态参数、光合作用以及次生产物代谢方面的变化。结果显示:太空诱变后,迷迭香优良株系的株高、冠幅、分枝数、分枝长、地上部生物量等形态参数有了明显提高,特别是反映迷迭香可采收量的地上部生物量,比诱变前提高了1.24倍。进一步研究发现,光合能力的提升是迷迭香诱变株系形态参数发生变化的一个重要原因,因为迷迭香诱变株系的叶绿素含量、最大净光合速率、表观量子效率比对照明显提高,而光补偿点则明显下降。作为迷迭香中最主要的生物活性物质,鼠尾草酸、迷迭香酸和精油的含量在太空诱变株系中明显高于对照,并且精油中主要组分的比例也发生了显著变化。上述结果表明,太空诱变中迷迭香可获得生物产量和经济产量的有益突变,从而证明航天育种技术在迷迭香优良品种选育中是可行的。

Greenhouse Intercropping of Green Asparagus(Asparagus officinalis Linn) and Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.)

Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus （Asparagus officinalis Linn） and coriander （Coriandrum sativurn L.） not only could increase vegetable kinds, but also could improve cropping index, and the asparagus growers＇ income could also be improved. This paper introduced the intercropping technique of green asparagus and coriander, so as to provide technical support for large-area extension of greenhouse green asparagus cultivation and break the situation of single mode for .qreenhouse cultivation.

贵州引种的迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)中挥发油化学成分分析

对贵州引种的迷迭香中挥发油的化学成分进行定性和定量分析 ,并与不同来源的迷迭香油的化学成分进行比较。结果表明 ,从贵州引种的迷迭香挥发油中分离出 38种成分 ,鉴定出 2 7种 ,鉴定率为71 0 5 % ,主要成分是α -蒎烯 (α -Pinene) ,含量 2 5 .4 4% ;1,8-桉树脑 (1,8-Cineole) ,含量 2 0 .2 7% ;其次是樟脑 (Camphor) ,含量 7.6 7% ;莰烯 (Camphene) ,含量 7.10 % ;龙脑 (Borneol) ,含量 3.30 % ;β -石竹烯 (β -Caryophyllene) ,含量 3.2 3%。贵州引种的迷迭香中挥发油的化学成分主要是α -蒎烯、1,8-桉树脑 ,占挥发油检出成分的 4 5 .71%。该挥发油按化学成分分类属α -蒎烯、1.

资源植物迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)在贵州喀斯特生境中生长状况初报

本研究是针对贵州喀斯特高原脆弱生态区日益恶劣的生态环境,以区域可持续发展为目标,对新型资源植物迷迭香(Rosmarinusofficinalis)进行石灰土上的栽培实验,得出以下结论:在生长状况上,迷迭香具有较大的分枝能力,适宜选择春季和秋季温暖、雨量不多的时期扦插,一般在10月和4月最佳,要求排水良好的地势和土壤,土壤湿度应保持在15%-70%之间。在贵州喀斯特石灰土生境中不仅能够生长,而且在土壤相对含水量为15%-70%时长势良好。

Antibacterial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.alone and in combination with cefuroxime against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of rosemary ethanol extract,alone and in combination with cefuroxime,were studied.Results:The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the ethanol extract of rosemary were in the range of 0.39-3.13 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) were usually equal to or double that MICs.The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the ethanol extract of rosemary and cefuroxime indicated their synergistic effects against all MRSAs.Conclusions:The present work clearly demonstrates that rosemary has a key role in the elevation of susceptibility toβ-lactams.

Chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and antioxidant action against gastric damage induced by absolute ethanol in the rat

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis were evaluated against gastric injury induced by absolute ethanol. Gastric tissues were prepared to enzymatic assays. The levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured.Results: Ethanol produced severe hemorrhagic lesions in the stomach with ulcerative lesion of(140.2 ± 37.2) mm2. In animals pretreated with essential oil of R. officinalis(50 mg/kg, p.o.), a significant inhibition of mucosal injury of(21.2 ± 7.1) mm2(84%inhibition) was observed. The essential oil of R. officinalis protected the gastric mucosa probably by modulating the activities of the enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and increasing or maintaining the levels of glutathione. In addition,lipid peroxides levels were reduced. The essential oil of R. officinalis was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer and the main constituents were cineole(28.5%),camphor(27.7%) and alpha-pinene(21.3%).Conclusions: We suggest that the monoterpenes present in the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis may be among the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activity shown by essential oil of R. officinalis.

Essential oil of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>L. and <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>L.: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens

The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.

Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies for the Sorption of Mercury (II) onto Activated Carbon from <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>Leaves

The present work deals with the equilibrium adsorption of Hg(II) onto carbonized Rosmarinus officinalis leaves (ACROL) as a new adsorbent from aqueous solution and it has been investigated. ACROL samples were prepared by physical carbonization at 773 K for 1 h. Titration method was used to determine the concentration of Hg(II) before and after adsorption onto ACROL by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA, as chelating agent. Batch equilibrium studies were carried out under different experimental conditions such as Hg(II) concentration and temperature. The relationship between the amount of Hg(II) onto ACROL can be described using four tow-parameter isotherm models. The equilibrium sorption data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich (DRK) and Temkin isotherms. The experimental results were found to fit the Langmuir isotherm model with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 588.2 mg/g at 318 K, while they were found to fit the Freundlich isotherm model at 298 K. The KL was decreased with increasing temperature, indicating a bond strength between Hg(II) and ACROL decreased with increasing temperature and sorption is exothermic. From DRK isotherm, free energy, E, was higher than 31 kJ/mol suggesting the Hg(II) adsorption onto ACROL chemical sorption. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the process is spontaneous nature of Hg(II) adsorption by ACROL and exothermic. The findings from this research show that ACROL has capability to remove Hg(II) from aqueous solutions.

Kinetic Study of the Oxidative Degradation of Choiba Oil(Dipteryx oleifera Benth.)with Addition of Rosemary Extract(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

Choibá (Dipteryx oleifera Benth.) is a promising source of edible oil with high nutritional quality and a significant content of oleic acid (52% - 54%). To promote Choibá as source of edible oil is necessary to ensure its stability along the time of production, distribution and storage. Loss of nutritional and organoleptic quality in lipids is mainly due to lipid peroxidation reactions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the oxidative stability of Choibá oil at 100°C ± 1°C with aeration (1150 mL air/min) supplemented with rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), at 1000 mg/L (RE1000) and 1500 mg/L (RE1500), and with BHT (200 mg/L) and from this results to evaluate the degradation kinetics and shelf-life of Choibá oil at 35°C, 45°C and 55°C without addition of antioxidants (Control) and with addition of best concentration of rosemary extract obtained from previous study. Progress in oil oxidation was measured through the extent of oxidation products: peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results revealed that the addition of rosemary extract at 1500 mg/L significantly reduced de formation of hydroperoxides (PV), more than BHT. Through correlations between concentrations of antioxidant (including control without antioxidant) with peroxide values, the kinetics of degradation and shelf-life of Choibá oil with predictive models are evaluated in real time and accelerated (35°C, 45°C and 55°C) using the Arrhenius equation. In addition, the oxidation reactions of this oil follow a first order kinetic model for PV and zero order kinetic model for TBARS. The rate of formation of PV was dependent on the storage temperature, according to the Arrhenius equation with the activation energy of 4611.5071 J/mol for Control and 7409.5771 J/mol for RE1500 treatment. The result of TBARS didn’t adjust to Arrhenius model, thus measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) wasn’t a useful parameter for shelf-life determination of Choibá oil.

Stability Study of O/W Cosmetic Emulsions Using <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>and <i>Calendula officinalis</i>Extracts

Cosmetic emulsions, as all macro emulsions, are inherently unstable systems, from a thermodynamic viewpoint. More specific eco-friendly oil/water (O/W) cosmetic emulsions are usually less stable than conventional ones as milder chemicals or less intense (energy consuming) production processes are involved. In this context, two traditional techniques an optical technique and a volumetric one have been used for the assessment of the stability of cosmetic emulsions and compared to each other. Eco-friendly cosmetic emulsions were produced with different olive oil/water extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis and Calendula officinalis extracts) and emulsifier (Glycerol monostearate, GMS) concentrations. Emulsions’ stability was registered simultaneously by 1) Microscopy photos of samples withdrawn at regular intervals from the test vessel;2) global volumetric measurements of the different phases (water/oil/emulsion) inside the test vessel made at regular intervals for determining the evolution of the location of the phases separation interface. Analysis of the results of each technique and comparisons among them are presented and discussed in detail.

The Effect of N-Fertilization on Rosmarinus Officinalis L. （An Upright Variety） Yield in Central Greece

The effect of three different N-fertilization levels （NI： 625, N2：385 and N3：770 kg hal; where in case of N1 was used the 3-6-10＋3MGO＋30% OM and in cases of N2-N3 the 26-0-0 fertilizers） on fresh and dry weight of the perennial Rosmarinus officinalis （upright cultivar） was investigated during the 2nd year after establishment at the Experimental Farm of the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly in Greece （TEI; Larissa plain） in 2015. It is well documented that the crop reaches its potential yield on the third year of cultivation and continues producing biomass for as long as eight years. Complete weather data （air temperature, radiation, air humidity, precipitation） were recorded hourly in an automatic meteorological station, which was installed to the experimental farm of TEI. Upon harvest （November 3rd 2015）, the crop reached a maximum fresh yield of 11.67 tons per hectare and dry yield of 4.3, respectively. The average fresh weight was 8.2, 8.4 and 8.9 t hal and the dry weight were 2.6, 3.1 and 3.2 t ha-1 for the N1, N2 and N3 levels, respectively. Furthermore the higher moisture content was observed in the case of N1 level （68%）. Therefore, the above data show that rosemary cultivation could be a promising alternative crop, especially in case of the consideration that average selling price of dry rosemary in Greece is 3.5 ∈ kg^-1 and the average gross income exceeds the amount of 10,000 ∈ ha^-1.

复方驱蚊精油化学成分分析及其驱避活性评价

[目的]分析由薄荷、浮萍、石菖蒲、迷迭香4种中药植物配伍而成的复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,并进行驱避活性评价。[方法]通过气质联用色谱技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)分析复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,按照《空间驱避产品药效试验及评价(Y型管法)》,评价精油对白纹伊蚊成虫的驱避活性。[结果]鉴定出主要挥发性成分58种,占精油总成分的98.28%,萜类18种(44.99%)、烯烃类9种(20.27%)、酯类5种(14.07%)、芳香烃类8种(12.00%)、烷烃类7种(3.48%)、醇类9种(2.78%)、酮类2种(0.69%)。复方驱蚊精油对白纹伊蚊的驱避率(percent repellency,PR)平均达90%。[结论]复方驱蚊精油的化学成分较多,对白纹伊蚊起到驱避作用的可能有薄荷醇、薄荷酮、α-蒎烯等多种化学成分,平均驱避效果达到A级水平。

迷迭香的化学成分及应用研究进展

迷迭香是双子叶植物纲唇形科迷迭香属植物,属多年生常绿亚灌木,原产于欧洲地区和非洲北部地中海沿岸,在食品、医药、化工等领域有着广阔的发展前景。尽管关于迷迭香化学成分已有相关报道,但对其结构的分类与归纳总结还不够完善。本文对迷迭香近5年来报道的化学成分及其结构进行了分类总结,包括黄酮类、萜类、苯丙素类等,并对迷迭香的应用进行了介绍,为后期对迷迭香的化学成分研究、结构鉴定以及进一步的开发利用提供参考资料和科学依据。

不同水平迷迭香提取物对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫器官指数的影响

文章旨在研究迷迭香提取物(Rosmarinus officinalis extract,ROE)对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫器官指数的影响。试验将720只(母)体重相近的35日龄黄羽肉鸡随机分为6组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只),对照组饲喂基础日粮,5个试验组饲喂添加100、200、300、400和500 mg/kg ROE的试验日粮,预饲期7 d,正试期21 d。结果显示:(1)与对照组比,日粮添加100~500 mg/kg ROE对肉鸡末重(FBW)、日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)、死淘率和免疫器官指数无显著影响(P>0.05),但有降低肉鸡日采食量(ADFI)的趋势(0.05<P<0.10)。(2)与对照组相比,日粮添加200~500 mg/kg ROE显著提高了肉鸡血清尿素(UREA)含量(P<0.05),添加100~300 mg/kg ROE极显著提高了肉鸡血清总胆固醇(TC)含量(P<0.01),添加100~500 mg/kg ROE对肉鸡血清甘油三酯(TG)、总蛋白(TP)、葡萄糖(GLU)、肌酐(CREA)含量以及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,在日粮中加入100 mg/kg ROE可极显著提高肉鸡血清TC含量和具有降低ADFI的趋势,表明ROE具有作为中速型肉鸡饲料添加剂的开发潜力。

迷迭香挥发油提取工艺优化及其化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)挥发油,运用正交设计优化提取工艺。结果表明,迷迭香挥发油最佳提取工艺条件为迷迭香剪成1 cm长的小段、料水质量比1∶15、浸泡时间3 h、提取时间4 h,此条件下挥发油的得率为1.870%。运用GC-MS技术分析并比较了迷迭香鲜样和干样挥发油的化学成分,结果表明二者化学成分基本相同,药材阴干后挥发油品质没有受到明显影响。

天然迷迭香抗氧化剂的研究进展

迷迭香 (RosmarinusofficinalisL .)是唇形科迷迭香属植物 ,我国南方地区已有大量种植。迷迭香精油是传统的天然香料。从提取精油后的残渣中提取得到的迷迭香提取物 ,具有良好的抗氧化性能 ,是一种天然抗氧化剂。本文综述了国内外迷迭香栽培、迷迭香提取物的主要化学成分和生产工艺及其作为抗氧化剂在油脂和食品中的应用等研究。同时展望了迷迭香提取物在其它领域 ,特别是在医药等领域中的应用前景。

迷迭香叶片愈伤组织诱导及再分化培养

本研究以迷迭香叶片为外植体,探索愈伤组织形成及再分化条件。结果表明:蔗糖含量较高的培养基可促进愈伤组织形成,其中以MS+蔗糖50g/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L效果最好,诱导率可达88%;愈伤组织再分化形成不定芽时,以MS+6-BA1.5mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L效果较好,再分化率达50%;MS+6-BA0.8mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L诱导不定芽增殖,增殖率可达到300%多;不定芽生根时,MS+NAA0.1mg/L效果较好,生根率可达65%。同时,研究发现,尽管外植体被消毒至无菌,但75%乙醇复合其它灭菌剂共同灭菌时,会导致外植体大量死亡。

广西巴马迷迭香精油化学成分分析

运用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对比研究广西巴马迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)鲜叶和干叶中精油成分的差异。从鲜叶提取的精油中分离出58种化学成分,鉴定了43种,占总含量的97.83%;从干叶提取的精油中分离出54种化学成分,鉴定了44种,占总含量的99.56%。鲜叶与干叶提取精油的主要成分基本相同,包括α-蒎烯、1,8-桉叶素、樟脑、α-松油醇、莰烯、龙脑、异龙脑、乙酸龙脑酯和马鞭草烯酮等9种成分,分别占精油总含量的80.99%和87.98%,其中含量较高的α-蒎烯各占21.34%、33.23%,1,8-桉叶素各占25.69%、24.59%。结果表明,广西巴马迷迭香的化学成分接近于西班牙型的迷迭香。

三种迷迭香植物学性状和精油成分研究

本研究对上海地区引种成功的三种迷迭香:迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)、Rex迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis"Rex")和Wood迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis"Wood")的植物学性状和精油成分进行了分析比较。结果表明:三种迷迭香的植物学性状,如外形、花色等差异显著;迷迭香的精油含有率较高,为0.80 mL.(100g)-1.FW,Rex迷迭香和Wood迷迭香的精油含有率低,分别为0.46和0.40 mL.(100g)-1.FW;迷迭香的主要成分为α-蒎烯27.26%、1,8-桉叶素20.92%、马鞭烯酮11.75%、香叶醇5.92%、龙脑5.07%等,Rex迷迭香精油中1,8-桉叶素31.07%、樟脑21.66%和龙脑11.98%、α-蒎烯5.36%、莰烯5.34%是其主要成分,Wood迷迭香精油的主要成分为樟脑24.69%、1,8-桉叶素23.96%、醋酸龙脑酯6.76%、龙脑5.94%、α-蒎烯5.80%和莰烯5.28%等。目前引种的三种迷迭香中,迷迭香适合于提取精油;Rex迷迭香和Wood迷迭香不宜作为提油品种,适宜作为观赏品种种植。