Effect of Viscosity on Pumping-Up of Newtonian Fluid Driven by a Rotating Cone

Effect of viscosity on flow patterns of pumping-up of liquid generated by a cone rotating at the liquid surface has been experimentally studied with various concentrations of glycerol aqueous solution. We have previously found that the higher viscous non-Newtonian fluid was lifted-up along the conical surface with a radial filament-wise pattern, which is quite different from the monotonic thin film-wise pattern observed for the lower viscous fluid such as water. In order to elucidate the pumping-up mechanism, a transition diagram indicating the critical rotation rate is obtained as a function of viscosity?of Newtonian fluid in this study, varying from the lower value of water (μ?=?0.890 mPa·s) to the higher one of glycerin (μ?= 910?mPa·s). It is found that there are three categories depending on the viscosity classified as?1) film-wise pumping-up region for the viscosity?μ?≤?134?mPa·s,?2) filament-wise pumping-up one for the viscosity?μ?≥?520?mPa·s, and?3) no pumping-up phenomenon occurs?for 134??μ??mPa·s.

Self-Similar Solution of Heat and Mass Transfer of Unsteady Mixed Convection Flow on a Rotating Cone Embedded in a Porous Medium Saturated with a Rotating Fluid

A self-similar solution of unsteady mixed convection flow on a rotating cone embedded in a porous medium saturated with a rotating fluid in the presence of the first and second orders resistances has been obtained. It has been shown that a self-similar solution is possible when the free stream angular velocity and the angular velocity of the cone vary inversely as a linear function of time. The system of ordinary differential equations governing the flow has been solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme in combination with the quasi-linearization technique. Both prescribe wall temperature and prescribed heat flux conditions are considered. Numerical results are reported for the skin friction coefficients, Nusselt number and Sherwood number. The effect of various parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are also presented here.

A Cone Rotating in a Fluid Translates

When a solid cone with smooth surfaces rotates at a constant rate about its long axis in still water, it will experience no friction, as announced earlier [1] and documented further here. However, if not restrained, it will translate along the axis base first and apex last, which is caused by a variation of pressure on its side: low near the base and high at the apex. This translation needs to be verified experimentally. Friction will occur during translation but an opposite reaction force will also take place related to the front to back asymmetry of the body [2]. Whether or not these two oppositely directed forces can cancel each other out by an appropriate choice of variable magnitudes is not known, but if true, it would lead to an extended translation. Also the translation path could be lengthened by slightly modifying the front face of the cone such that the translation itself produces rotation. One idea for such a modification is suggested. Observations in the future would be very beneficial.

Rotating Translating Cones

A first attempt has been made to confirm experimentally a theoretical concept, recently published, involving a rigid cone rotating about its long axis under still water: it should tend to translate along that axis blunt end leading and apex trailing. Two identical hollow cones, neutrally buoyant, with equal weights attached to the apexes, were released simultaneously at the surface of a swimming pool. One cone had a thin light weight spiral vane vertically attached to the cone’s outside surface in order to cause it to rotate as it sank. Several trial runs were made in the shallow and deep ends of the pool, and in every case, the non-rotating cone without a vane hit the bottom of the pool first. These comparisons qualitatively and indirectly validate the prediction.

Spectral Element Simulation of Rotating Particle in Viscous Flow

Spectral element methods (SEM) are superior to general finite element methods (FEM) in achieving high order accuracy through p-type refinement. Owing to orthogonal polynomials in both expansion and test functions, the discretization errors in SEM could be reduced exponentially to machine zero so that the spectral convergence rate can be achieved. Inherited the advantage of FEM, SEM can enhance resolution via both h-type and p-type mesh-refinement. A penalty method was utilized to compute force fields in particulate flows involving freely moving rigid particles. Results were analyzed and comparisons were made;therefore, this penalty-implemented SEM was proven to be a viable method for two-phase flow problems.

A mathematical analysis of time dependent flow on a rotating cone in a rheological fluid

In the present study we have explored the time dependent combined convectional flow on a rotating cone in a rotating Jeffrey fluid with the combined effects of heat and mass transfer.The governing equations of motion,energy and mass transfer for unsteady flow are presented and simplified using similar variables.The reduced coupled nonlinear differential equations are solved analytically with the help of strong analytical technique homotopy analysis method.The heat transfer analysis for prescribed wall temperature is considered.Numerical results for Nusselt number and Sherwood number have computed and discussed.The physical features of pertinent parameters are discussed by plotting the graphs of velocity,heat transfer,concentration,skin friction,Nusselt number and Sherwood number.

鼻咽癌放疗旋转与平移误差的相关性

目的:研究放射治疗摆位时旋转、平移误差的相关性,探索减少分次放疗摆位误差的方法,以提高肿瘤放疗摆位的稳定性与精确性。方法:收集2015年7月至2017年12月期间接受调强放疗的70位鼻咽癌患者,按首次摆位旋转误差值进行分类:将旋转误差<2°设为对照组;旋转误差≥2°设为研究组。所有病例连续1周行锥形束CT扫描。首次放疗前对校正前、后分别进行一次锥形束CT扫描。结果:对照组首次摆位测得X、Y、Z方向校正前、后误差为:(1.05±0.73)、(1.20±0.74)、(1.44±1.20)mm;(0.43±0.29)、(0.41±0.25)、(0.39±0.30)mm。研究组首次摆位测得X、Y、Z方向校正前、后误差为:(1.17±0.91)、(1.61±1.27)、(1.43±0.82)mm;(0.62±0.35)、(0.83±0.39)、(0.77±0.44)mm。校正前摆位误差无显著性差异(P>0.05);校正后研究组摆位误差显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组首次摆位、分次间摆位通过率为:88.57%、82.86%、71.43%和97.10%、97.10%、94.86%。研究组首次摆位、分次间摆位通过率为:71.43%、60.00%、68.57%和89.71%、82.29%、83.43%。放疗前首次摆位X、Y轴方向摆位误差通过率对照组高于研究组(P<0.05),Z轴无显著性差别(P>0.05);分次间摆位X、Y、Z轴方向摆位误差通过率对照组都高于研究组(P<0.05)。在X、Y、Z方向上研究组外放边界较对照组分别增大0.84、1.19、1.30 mm。旋转误差分布结果显示RX与Z轴有强相关,与Y轴中等相关;RY与X、Y、Z轴均为中等相关;RZ与X轴有强相关,与Y轴中等相关。结论:放射治疗过程中旋转误差对平移误差影响较大,旋转误差较大时平移误差也较大,尤其在放疗过程中分次间误差显著增大。减少旋转误差能有效地提高鼻咽癌放疗摆位精确度与稳定性。

锥束CT系统旋转平移轨迹几何参数标定方法

针对锥束CT系统旋转平移(RT)轨迹中几何参数难以直接测量的问题,在单圆轨迹标定方法的基础上,提出了一种适用于RT轨迹的几何参数标定方法。该方法利用定标体模投影轨迹的椭圆参数与系统几何参数建立关系,解析求解出系统的内部参数。在此基础上,外推得到旋转轴所有的位置参数,并求得符合理想轨迹要求的几何参数。所求参数都可以通过解析的公式得到,能有效避免迭代法陷入局部最优的问题。对存在偏差的系统进行了仿真,并利用该方法进行标定,实验结果表明,该方法能有效抑制由于几何参数误差造成的几何伪影,提高图像质量。

耦合扰动下船载成像系统的复合稳像

针对船载精密成像系统在船体晃动时产生的杆臂牵连平动和等效圆锥旋转,提出了一种将惯性量测信息引入电子稳像技术对耦合干扰进行补偿的方法。首先,基于俯仰-偏航式光学稳定平台分析其在视线稳定过程中所产生的等效圆锥旋转,推导了视线旋转角与平台转角之间的数学关系。然后,分析了杆臂牵连平动对像点虚化的影响,并结合圆锥旋转构建了耦合扰动模型;针对耦合扰动模型提出利用惯性测量信息复合电子稳像的方法来实现低特征背景下的高精度稳像。最后,通过半实物仿真验证了该方法在低特征环境中的成像稳定精度和实时性。结果显示:提出的方法能够有效补偿俯仰-偏航式稳定平台转动以及船体晃动时形成的耦合干扰,在低特征环境中具有较高的成像稳定精度和实时性,修正误差为亚像素级。图像稳定后的峰值信噪比平均提高了4dB,基本满足船载光学精密探测系统对实时性、精度、抗干扰能力和稳定性的要求。

非惯性参照系中的伯努利方程

一般非惯性参照系可分解为加速平动参照系和转动参照系 .给出这两种参照系中理想流体满足的动力学方程 ,可解决非惯性参照系中的流体动力学问题 .

基于PFDK重建算法的工业CT转台单侧多次偏置锥束重建算法

转台单次多次偏置锥束扫描可以持续扩大锥束CT的扫描视野,针对这种扫描模式,本文提出了一种基于PFDK的转台单侧多次偏置锥束重建算法。首先,将转台在不同位置处采集的锥束投影重排为倾斜平行束投影;其次,再将分段倾斜平行束投影插值为完整的倾斜平行束投影;再次,再根据倾斜平行束投影数据的冗余性,对投影数据进行归一化加权;最后,采用PFDK重建算法得到重建图像。本文采用转台单侧三次偏置扫描技术,实现了直径超过1500 mm的扫描视野,并采用本文提出的重建算法获得了准确的三维体积图像。另外,本文从理论上分析了该算法在余弦加权、反投影步骤的误差特性。