Complementary-Label Adversarial Domain Adaptation Fault Diagnosis Network under Time-Varying Rotational Speed and Weakly-Supervised Conditions

Recent research in cross-domain intelligence fault diagnosis of machinery still has some problems,such as relatively ideal speed conditions and sample conditions.In engineering practice,the rotational speed of the machine is often transient and time-varying,which makes the sample annotation increasingly expensive.Meanwhile,the number of samples collected from different health states is often unbalanced.To deal with the above challenges,a complementary-label(CL)adversarial domain adaptation fault diagnosis network(CLADAN)is proposed under time-varying rotational speed and weakly-supervised conditions.In the weakly supervised learning condition,machine prior information is used for sample annotation via cost-friendly complementary label learning.A diagnosticmodel learning strategywith discretized category probabilities is designed to avoidmulti-peak distribution of prediction results.In adversarial training process,we developed virtual adversarial regularization(VAR)strategy,which further enhances the robustness of the model by adding adversarial perturbations in the target domain.Comparative experiments on two case studies validated the superior performance of the proposed method.

Improved Units of Measure in Rotational Mechanics

The SI system of units in rotational mechanics yields correct numerical results, but it produces physically incorrect units of measure in many cases. SI units also violate the principle of general covariance—the general rule for defining continuous coordinates and units in mathematics and mathematical physics. After 30+ years of wrestling with these problems, the ultimate authority on units of measure has declared that Newton–meter and Joule are not equivalent in rotational mechanics, as they are in the rest of physics. This article proposes a simple modification to SI units called “Nonstandard International units” (“NI units”) until a better name is agreed upon. NI units yield correct numerical results and physically correct units of measure, and they satisfy the principle of general covariance. The main obstacle to the adoption of NI units is the consensus among users that the radius of rotation should have the unit meter because the radius can be measured with a ruler. NI units assigned to radius should have units meter/radian because the radius is a conversion factor between angular size and circumferential length, as in arclength = rθ. To manage the social consensus behind SI units, the author recommends retaining SI units as they are, and informing users who want correct units that NI units solve the technical problems of SI units.

Retrospective Case Series on The Enduring Rotational Stability of The AcrySof IQ Toric Intraocular Lens in Cataract Patients Suffering from Myopia

Objective:To analyze the enduring rotational steadiness of AcrySof IQ Toric intraocular lens(IOL)in cataract patients suffering from myopia in a long-term study.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on a case series involving 78 patients.A total of 120 eyes with an axial length(AL)ranging from 24-30 mm and corneal astigmatism≥1.50 D underwent implantation of AcrySof IQ Toric IOL guided by the version navigation system.The eyes were divided into two groups based on AL.Group A included 60 eyes with high myopia(AL≥26 mm),while Group B consisted of eyes with low to moderate myopia(24 mm≤AL<26 mm).Data on the preoperative AL were collected.Measurements were taken for residual astigmatism,the best corrected visual acuity(BCDVA),corneal astigmatism,and IOL rotation occurring between 24-and 48-months post-surgery.The percentage of eyes with an IOL rotation of under 5°and 10°was analyzed.Results:The mean length of follow-up times was recorded as 34.27±4.98,and the average rotation was 2.73±1.29°.Group A exhibited a slightly higher average rotation of 2.87±1.31°,compared to the rotation of 2.59±1.27°observed in Group B.At both the 24-36 month and 26-48 month post-operation marks,the degree of IOL rotation did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups,with none of the patients experiencing a rotation exceeding 10°(P>0.05).The percentage of rotation degrees under 5°was recorded as 98.22%.After the procedure,the BCDVA was 0.1322±0.03 LogMAR.There was a substantial increase in theχvalue after the operation as compared to the pre-operativeχ^(2) value(χ^(2)=76.79).The standard deviation of preoperative corneal astigmatism was statistically significant(P<0.05)at 2.17±1.08 D.Following the surgical procedure,the remaining astigmatism was measured at 0.41±0.26 D.The data showed a notable gap in statistical significance(t=4.281,P<0.05).Conclusion:The AcrySof Toric IOL was a reliable solution for managing corneal astigmatism in cataract patients with myopia,demonstrating excellent long-term rotational stability.

Preheating-assisted solid-state friction stir repair of Al-Mg-Si alloy plate at different rotational speeds

Additive friction stir deposition(AFSD)is a novel structural repair and manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot at home and abroad in the past five years.In this work,the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of the Al-Mg-Si alloy plate repaired by the preheating-assisted AFSD process were investigated.To evaluate the tool rotation speed and substrate preheating for repair quality,the AFSD technique was used to additively repair 5 mm depth blind holes on 6061 aluminum alloy substrates.The results showed that preheat-assisted AFSD repair significantly improved joint bonding and joint strength compared to the control non-preheat substrate condition.Moreover,increasing rotation speed was also beneficial to improve the metallurgical bonding of the interface and avoid volume defects.Under preheating conditions,the UTS and elongation were positively correlated with rotation speed.Under the process parameters of preheated substrate and tool rotation speed of 1000 r/min,defect-free specimens could be obtained accompanied by tensile fracture occurring in the substrate rather than the repaired zone.The UTS and elongation reached the maximum values of 164.2MPa and 13.4%,which are equivalent to 99.4%and 140%of the heated substrate,respectively.

Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therapy: Investigation and Implementation

Purpose: To present a protocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therapy (TSET) and to provide an assessment of clinical implementation, dosimetry properties, and skin dose evaluation. Methods and Materials: The DFR-TSET combined the Stanford 6-field and McGill rotational methods. Dual 6 MeV electron beams in high dose total skin electron mode were used for DFR-TSET on a commercial linac. Beam profiles and dosimetric properties were measured using solid phantoms. The dose rate at expanded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a combination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosimetry of patient skin was performed on patients’ skin using film, metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therapy exhibited good (≤±10%) uniformity in the beam profiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from the horizontal direction. In-vivo measurements confirmed acceptable uniformity of the patients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatomically self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical implementation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the special mode on a linac. This technique provides short beam-on times, uniform dose distribution, large treatment field, and reduced dose of x-ray contamination to the patients. In-vivo measurements indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniformity of the prescribed dose. Electron boost fields are recommended at normal SSDs to address underdosed areas.

NCCT for Micropolar Solid and Fluid Media Based on Internal Rotations and Rotation Rates with Rotational Inertial Physics: Model Problem Studies

This paper presents model problem studies for micropolar thermoviscoelastic solids without memory and micropolar thermoviscous fluid using micropolar non-classical continuum theories (NCCT) based on internal rotations and rotation rates in which rotational inertial physics is considered in the derivation of the conservation and balance laws (CBL). The dissipation mechanism is due to strain rates as well as rotation rates. Model problems are designed to demonstrate and illustrate various significant aspects of the micropolar NCCT with rotational inertial physics considered in this paper. In case of micropolar solids, the translational and rotational waves are shown to coexist. In the absence of microconstituents (classical continuum theory, CCT) the internal rotations are a free field, hence have no influence on CCT. Absence of gradients of displacements and strains in micropolar thermoviscous fluid medium prohibits existence of translational waves as well as rotational waves even though the appearance of the mathematical model is analogous to the solids, but in terms of strain rates. It is shown that in case of micropolar thermoviscous fluids the BAM behaves more like time dependent diffusion equation i.e., like heat conduction equation in Lagrangian description. The influence of rotational inertial physics is demonstrated using BLM as well as BAM in the model problem studies.

Does nature-based solution sustain grassland quality? Evidence from rotational grazing practice in China

Rotational grazing is considered as one of the nature-based solutions(NbS)to grassland protection by natural scientists.However,its effects on improving grassland quality are still unclear when it is adopted by herders.Using a householdlevel panel data from field survey in two main pastoral provinces of China,empirical results from fixed-effect model and instrumental approach show that rotational grazing practices have insignificant short-term effects on grassland quality,but have positive long-term effects.In addition,rotational grazing practices can improve grassland quality when villages invest public infrastructure or herders have private supporting measures for more efficiency livestock production.Further analysis shows that herders adopting rotational grazing have higher grazing intensity,higher supplementary intensity and more livestock-house-feeding days,which indicate herders can utilize more efficient livestock management without increasing pressure on natural grassland.We also find that herders with pastoral income are more likely to adopt rotational grazing practice.These insightful findings offer policy implications on promoting grassroot NbS for ecosystem protection and resource utilization in developing pastoral countries.

Theoretical analysis of the optical rotational Doppler effect under atmospheric turbulence by mode decomposition

The optical rotational Doppler effect associated with orbital angular momentum provides a new means for rotational velocity detection.In this paper,we investigate the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the rotational Doppler effect.First,we deduce the generalized formula of the rotational Doppler shift in atmospheric turbulence by mode decomposition.It is found that the rotational Doppler signal frequency spectrum will be broadened,and the bandwidth is related to the turbulence intensity.In addition,as the propagation distance increases,the bandwidth also increases.And when C_(n)^(2)≤5×10^(-15)m^(-2/3)and 2z≤2 km,the rotational Doppler signal frequency spectrum width d and the spiral spectrum width d_(0)satisfy the relationship d=2d_(0-1).Finally,we analyze the influence of mode crosstalk on the rotational Doppler effect,and the results show that it destroys the symmetrical distribution of the rotational Doppler spectrum about 2l·Ω/2π.This theoretical model enables us to better understand the generation of the rotational Doppler frequency and may help us better analyze the influence of the complex atmospheric environment on the rotational Doppler frequency.

Local Rotational Jamming and Multi-Stage Hyperuniformities in an Active Spinner System

An active system consisting of many self-spinning dimers is simulated, and a distinct local rotational jamming transition is observed as the density increases. In the low density regime, the system stays in an absorbing state,in which each dimer rotates independently subject to the applied torque;while in the high density regime,a fraction of the dimers become rotationally jammed into local clusters, and the system exhibits microphaseseparation like two-phase morphologies. For high enough densities, the system becomes completely jammed in both rotational and translational degrees of freedom. Such a simple system is found to exhibit rich and multiscale disordered hyperuniformities among the above phases: the absorbing state shows a critical hyperuniformity of the strongest class and subcritically preserves the vanishing density fluctuation scaling up to some length scale;the locally jammed state shows a two-phase hyperuniformity conversely beyond some length scale with respect to the phase cluster sizes;the totally jammed state appears to be a monomer crystal, but intrinsically loses large-scale hyperuniformity. These results are inspiring for designing novel phase-separation and disordered hyperuniform systems through dynamical organization.

Rotational stability of plate haptic toric intraocular lenses after combined 25-gauge vitrectomy and cataract surgery

AIM:To evaluate the postoperative intraocular lens(IOL)rotational stability and residual refractive astigmatism following combined 25-gauge vitrectomy and cataract surgery with implantation of a plate haptic toric IOL.METHODS:In this retrospective case series,32 eyes of 32 patients underwent a combined 25-gauge vitrectomy and phacoemulsification for vitreoretinal diseases and cataract with regular corneal astigmatism of at least 1 diopter(D).A plate haptic toric IOL(AT Torbi 709M,Carl Zeiss Meditec AG)was implanted in all eyes.The outcome measures were rotational stability and refractive astigmatism up to 6mo postoperatively as well as the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).RESULTS:Preoperative refractive astigmatism was 2.14±1.17 D,which was significantly reduced to 0.77±0.37 D six to eight weeks postoperatively and remained stable throughout the observation period(0.67±0.44 D at three months and 0.75±0.25 D at six months;for all groups:P<0.0001 compared to baseline).BCVA improved significantly from 0.36±0.33 logMAR preoperatively to 0.10±0.15 logMAR following surgery(P=0.02).Mean IOL axis deviation from the target axis was 3.4°±2.9°after six to eight weeks and significantly decreased over time(2.4°±2.6°six months after surgery;P=0.04).In one patient IOL,re-alignment was performed.CONCLUSION:Corneal astigmatism is significantly reduced following combined 25-gauge vitrectomy and cataract surgery.The plate haptic toric IOL position and axis remain stable during the observation period of six months.

Performance evaluation of a novel rotational damper for structural reinforcement steel frames subjected to lateral excitations

In this study,a novel rotational damper called a Rotational Friction Viscoelastic Damper(RFVD) is introduced.Some viscoelastic pads are added to the Rotational Friction Damper(RFD) in addition to the friction discs used in this conventional device.Consequently,the amount of energy dissipated by the damper increases in low excitation frequencies.In fact,the input energy to the structure is simultaneously dissipated in the form of friction and heat by frictional discs and viscoelastic pads.In order to compare the performance of this novel damper with the earlier types,a set of experiments were carried out.According to the test results,the RFVD showed a better performance in dissipating input energy to the structure when compared to the RFD.The seismic behavior of steel frames equipped with these dampers was also numerically evaluated based on a nonlinear time history analysis.The numerical results verifi ed the performance of the dampers in increasing the energy dissipation and decreasing the energy input to the structural elements.In order to achieve the maximum dissipated energy,the dampers need to be installed in certain places called critical points in the structure.An appropriate approach is presented to properly fi nd these points.Finally,the performance of the RFVDs installed at these critical points was investigated in comparison to some other confi gurations and the validity of the suggested method in increasing the energy dissipation was confi rmed.

Intensity Evolution of Zonal Shear Line over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer:A Perspective of Divergent and Rotational Kinetic Energies

Based on the ERA5 reanalysis datasets during 1980-2019,a total of eleven zonal shear lines(ZSLs)that caused heavy precipitation and lasted more than 60 hours over the Tibetan Plateau in summer are selected for composite analysis.By decomposing the kinetic energy(K)near the ZSL into divergent and rotational kinetic energies(K_(D)and K_(R))and the kinetic energy of interaction between the divergent wind and the rotational wind(K_(R)D),the influence of the rotational and divergent winds on the evolution of the ZSL intensity is investigated from the perspective of K_(D)and K_(R).The main results are as follows.The ZSL is a comprehensive reflection of rotation and convergence.The intensity evolution of ZSL is essentially synchronized with those of K,K_(R),and K_(RD)but lags behind K_(D)by about three hours.The enhancement of K is mainly contributed by K_(R),which is governed by the conversion from K_(D)to K_(R).Furthermore,the increase in the conversion from K_(D)to K_(R)is controlled by the geostrophic effect term Af,which is determined by the joint enhancement of the zonal rotational and meridional divergent wind components(u_(R)and v_(D)).Therefore,the joint enhancement of u_(R)and v_(D)controls the increase of the ZSL intensity,leading to increased precipitation.

A 3-Node Co-Rotational Triangular Finite Element for Non-Smooth,Folded and Multi-Shell Laminated Composite Structures

Based on the first-order shear deformation theory,a 3-node co-rotational triangular finite element formulation is developed for large deformation modeling of non-smooth,folded and multi-shell laminated composite structures.The two smaller components of the mid-surface normal vector of shell at a node are defined as nodal rotational variables in the co-rotational local coordinate system.In the global coordinate system,two smaller components of one vector,together with the smallest or second smallest component of another vector,of an orthogonal triad at a node on a non-smooth intersection of plates and/or shells are defined as rotational variables,whereas the two smaller components of the mid-surface normal vector at a node on the smooth part of the plate or shell(away from non-smooth intersections)are defined as rotational variables.All these vectorial rotational variables can be updated in an additive manner during an incremental solution procedure,and thus improve the computational efficiency in the nonlinear solution of these composite shell structures.Due to the commutativity of all nodal variables in calculating of the second derivatives of the local nodal variables with respect to global nodal variables,and the second derivatives of the strain energy functional with respect to local nodal variables,symmetric tangent stiffness matrices in local and global coordinate systems are obtained.To overcome shear locking,the assumed transverse shear strains obtained from the line-integration approach are employed.The reliability and computational accuracy of the present 3-node triangular shell finite element are verified through modeling two patch tests,several smooth and non-smooth laminated composite shells undergoing large displacements and large rotations.

Type Synthesis and Characteristic Analysis of a Family of 2-DOF Rotational Decoupled Parallel Mechanisms

It is widely used for the rotational parallel mechanism in the field of spatial orientation. While owing to the existence of coupling, the forward kinematic solution and the control of the general rotational parallel mechanism are especially difficult. If decoupling can be realized, the kinematic analysis of the mechanism will be very simple. Presently, the research of the parallel mechanism is focused on the inverse solution and structure optimization, and there is a lack of rotation decoupled parallel mechanisms （DPMs）. So this paper proposes a family of 2 degree of freedom （DOF） rotational DPMs based on the four-bar linkage mechanism, and performs a characteristic analysis. This family of DPMs is composed of a moving platform, a fixed base and three limbs. Taking U_RRU SPU DPM as an example, the motion feature of this DPM is analyzed with the constraint screw method, and its mobility is calculated by using the Modified Kutzbach-Grtibler criterion. The inverse and forward displacement problems of the proposed parallel mechanism are solved. The decoupled feature of the proposed parallel mechanism is validated by the deduction of the expression of the Jaeobian matrix. Three kinds of singularity conditions of this DPM are discussed, and the atlases of the output parameter concerning different geometric parameters are plotted with the theory of the physical model of the solution space. The proposition and characteristic analysis of the novel rotational DPMs in this paper should be useful for further research and application of the parallel mechanisms.

Time-frequency response spectrum of rotational ground motion and its application

The rotational seismic motions are estimated from one station records of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, earthquake based on the theory of elastic plane wave propagation. The time-frequency response spectrum （TFRS） of the rotational motions is calculated and its characteristics are analyzed, then the TFRS is applied to analyze the damage mechanism of one twelve-storey frame concrete structure. The results show that one of the ground motion components can not reflect the characteristics of the seismic motions completely; the characteristics of each component, especially rotational motions, need to be studied. The damage line of the structure and TFRS of ground motion are important for seismic design, only the TFRS of input seismic wave is suitable, the structure design is reliable.

Long-term rotational stability and visual outcomes of a single-piece hydrophilic acrylic toric IOL:a 1.5-year follow-up

AIM：To evaluate the rotational stability and visual outcomes of a single-piece hydrophilic acrylic toric intraocular lenses（IOL） over a 1.5-year follow-up period.Data from the 6-month follow-up study have been previously reported.METHODS：Forty eyes of 26 cataract patients（mean age：72.8±7.9y） with pre-existing corneal astigmatism of 1.0 to 2.6 D were enrolled in the study.Mean axial length was 23.17±0.88 mm.Main outcome measures after implantation of the Torica-a A IOL（Human Optics） were IOL rotational stability,subjective refraction,astigmatism correction,uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity（UDVA,CDVA）.RESULTS：There was no significant change in the parameters evaluated between the 6-month and 1.5-year follow-ups.At last visit,mean absolute IOL rotation（objective method） was 1.81°±1.87°（range 0.00° to 7.20°） with 78.6% of eyes having IOL rotation 〈3°,92.9% of eyes 〈5° and 100% of eyes 〈8°.No patient required secondary IOL repositioning during the course of the study.Mean residual refractive cylinder was-0.60±0.40 D.There was a significant reduction in the magnitude of the J0 vector postoperatively（P〈0.0001） with a mean absolute change of 0.76±0.40 D.The mean J45 vector was close to zero preoperatively and postoperatively and didn＇t change significantly（P=0.28）.Mean monocular UDVA and CDVA was 0.09±0.12 log MAR and-0.01±0.12 log MAR,respectively.No treatment with Nd：YAG laser was required.CONCLUSION：The Torica-a A IOL shows good and stable visual performance and rotational stability over a 1.5-year follow-up period.

A tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS integrated navigation method for aircraft

Strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS)/celestial navigation system(CNS)integrated navigation is widely used to achieve long-time and high-precision autonomous navigation for aircraft.In general,SINS/CNS integrated navigation can be divided into two integrated modes:loosely coupled integrated navigation and tightly coupled integrated navigation.Because the loosely coupled SINS/CNS integrated system is only available in the condition of at least three stars,the latter one is becoming a research hotspot.One major challenge of SINS/CNS integrated navigation is obtaining a high-precision horizon reference.To solve this problem,an innovative tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS integrated navigation method is proposed.In this method,the rotational SINS error equation in the navigation frame is used as the state model,and the starlight vector and star altitude are used as measurements.Semi-physical simulations are conducted to test the performance of this integrated method.Results show that this tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS method has the best navigation accuracy compared with SINS,rotational SINS,and traditional tightly coupled SINS/CNS integrated navigation method.

Discussion on rotational tectonic stress field and the genesis of circum-Ordos landmass fault system

When the resultant of applied forces does not pass through the center of an active landmass, the landmass will rotate, giving rise to a rotational tectonic stress field. The motion of a fault along the principal stress plane is de-termined by the mechanic features of the plane. Tensile fractures occur on the faults in the direction of the principal extensional stress plane, and fault-depression basins will be formed under a long-term action. Thrusting and over-thrusting occur on faults in the direction of the principal compressional stress plane, or folds may be formed as a result. Information on geology shows that the North China landmass, which remained stable and intact for a long time, became disjointed in the Eogene period. In the course of disjunction, anticlockwise rotation took place in the Shanxi-Hebei-Shaanxi (Jin-Ji-Shan) landmass, giving rise to the fault-depression system in its periphery. In the Pliocene epoch the landmass lost stability and its eastern boundary moved westward. As a result, the Shanxi gra-ben system appeared and Ordos landmass was formed. Structural and mechanic features of the main faults around Jin-Ji-Shan landmass can be explained with principal stress plane of a rotational tectonic stress field.

New Family of 3-DOF UP-Equivalent Parallel Mechanisms with High Rotational Capability

Parallel mechanisms(PMs) having the same motion characteristic with a UP kinematic chain(U denotes a universal joint, and P denotes a prismatic joint) are called UP-equivalent PMs. They can be used in many applications, such as machining and milling. However, the existing UP-equivalent PMs suffer from the disadvantages of strict assembly requirements and limited rotational capability. Type synthesis of UP-equivalent PMs with high rotational capability is presented.The special 2 R1 T motion is briefly discussed and the fact that the parallel module of the Exechon robot is not a UP-equivalent PM is disclosed. Using the Lie group theory, the kinematic bonds of limb chains and their mechanical generators are presented. Structural conditions for constructing such UP-equivalent PMs are proposed,which results in numerous new architectures of UP-equivalent PMs. The high rotational capability of the synthesized mechanisms is illustrated by an example. The advantages of no strict assembly requirements and high rotational capability of the newly developed PMs will facilitate their applications in the manufacturing industry.

Rotational Friction Damper’s Performance for Controlling Seismic Response of High Speed Railway Bridge-Track System

CRTS-II slab ballastless track on bridge is a unique system in China high speed railway.The application of longitudinal continuous track system has obviously changed dynamic characteristics of bridge structure.The bridge system and CRTS-II track system form a complex nonlinear system.To investigate the seismic response of high speed railway(HSR)simply supported bridge-track system,nonlinear models of three-span simply supported bridge with piers of different height and CRTS-II slab ballastless track system are established.By seismic analysis,it is found that shear alveolar in CRTS-II track system is more prone to be damaged than bridge components,such as piers,girders and bearings.The result shows that the inconsistent displacement of bridge girders is the main cause of the CRTS-II track system’s damage.Then the rotational friction damper(RFD)is adopted,which utilizes the device’s rotation and friction to dissipate seismic energy.The hysteretic behavior of RFD is studied by numerical and experimental methods.Results prove that RFD can provide good hysteretic energy dissipation ability with stable performance.Furthermore,the analysis of RFD’s influence on seismic response of HSR bridge-track system shows that RFD with larger sliding force is more effective in controlling excessive inconsistent displacement where RFD is installed,though response of other bridge spans could slightly deteriorated.