Stochastic Responses of a Shell of Rotational Symmetry Haing Physically Nonlinear Behavior

Concrete is considered as an elastic body when subjected to compressive stress butas a brittle body when subjected to tensile stress. That is, after the elastic extremum it cannotcontinue to bear the stress. Based on this.'cracked' physical model, for stochastic extemalwind loads, nonlinear stochastic constitutive equations have been established. To solve equations of nonlinear stochastic vibration, an iterative statistic linearization method (ISLM) hasbeen developedb. Some statistic characteristics were foundd out.

Shape memory TiNi powders produced by plasma rotating electrode process for additive manufacturing

This study aimed to produce spherical TiNi powders suitable for additive manufacturing by plasma rotating electrode process(PREP).Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the surface and inner micro-morphology,phase constituent and martensitic transformation temperature of the surface and inner of the atomized TiNi powders with different particle sizes.The results show that the powder surface becomes smoother and the grain becomes finer gradually with decreasing particle size.All the powders exhibit a main B2-TiNi phase,while large powders with the particle size≥178μm contain additional minor Ti2Ni and Ni3Ti secondary phases.These secondary phases are a result of the eutectoid decomposition during cooling.Particles with different particle sizes have experienced different cooling rates during atomization.Various cooling rates cause different martensitic transformation temperatures and routes of the TiNi powders;in particular,the transformation temperature decreases with decreasing particle size.

Surface characteristics of rapidly solidified nickel-based superalloy pow-ders prepared by PREP

The surface microstructure and the surface segregation of FGH 95 nickel-basedsuperalloy powders prepared through plasma rotating electrode processing (PREP) have beeninvestigated by using SEM and AES. The results indicate that the surface microstructure of powderschanges from dendrite into cellular stricture as the particle size of powders decrease, and thepredominant precipitates solidified on the particle surfaces were identified as MC' type carbidesenriched with Nb and Ti. It was also indicated that along with the depth of particle surfaces, thesegregation layer of S, C and O elements are thick, and that of Ti, Cr elements are thin for largesire powders while they are in reverse for median size particles.

De-colorization of Reactive Brilliant Orange X-GN by a novel rotating electrochemical disc process

A novel electrochemical setup for wastewater treatment-rotating electrochemical disc process(RECDP)was developed in this article. The anode and cathode are distributed alternatively and evenly on a flat round disc,which was designed to improve mass transfer of organics from bulk solution to electrode surface,while at the same time increasing oxygen transfer from air to the liquid to benefit the organics oxidization.The color removal of dye Reactive Brilliant Orange X-GN(RBO)was experimentally investigated u...

Influence of Processing Parameters on Granularity Distribution of Superalloy Powders during PREP

In order to investigate the influence of processing parameters on the granularity distribution of superalloy powders during the atomization of plasma rotating electrode processing (PREP), in this paper FGH95 superalloy powders is prepared under different processing conditions by PREP and the influence of PREP processing parameters on the granularity distribution of FGH95 superalloy powders is discussed based on fractal geometry theory. The results show that with the increase of rotating velocity of the self-consuming electrode, the fractal dimension of the granularity distribution increases linearly, which results in the increase of the proportion of smaller powders. The change of interval between plasma gun and the self-consuming electrode has a little effect on the granularity distribution, also the fractal dimension of the granularity distribution changed a little correspondingly.

A modified heat source model for rotating arc welding

A modified mathematical model of heat source for rotating arc welding （RAW） process was developed for investigating the heat and temperature distribution. The characteristics of temperature field based on the complex welding motion trajectory were studied. In this work, a transient three-dimensional （ 3D ） model was established and computed by a finite element analysis computer program MARC as well as its subroutine. In RA＇W process, the temperature changes in the style of stepladder. Moreover in the high temperature zone, there are multiple peak temperature points. These characteristics of temperature distribution are induced by the arc rotating which leads the repetitive heating or fasing during the welding process. In contrast with non-rotating arc （NRAW） process, the width of temperature distribution enlarges, and the peak temperature of weld pool decreases. Good agreement is shown between the computed results and experimental results of thermal cycle in RAW process.

Microstructure and mechanical properties evolution of 65Cu-35Zn brass tube during cyclic rotating−bending process

The cyclic rotating−bending(CRB)processes under different deformation conditions were carried out to refine the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the 65Cu−35Zn brass tubes.The microstructure and the mechanical properties in the axial direction of the tubes after the CRB process were studied with the OM,EBSD and conventional tensile test.To obtain the accumulated effective plastic strain of the tube during the CRB process,the FEM simulation was also executed.The results show that the average grain size decreases with the increase of rotation time at RT,and with the decrease of bending angle at 200℃.With the increase of accumulated effective plastic strain during the CRB process,the reduction rate of average grain size of the brass tube increases,the tensile strength of the brass tube increases in wave shape and the elongation increases first and then sharply decreases.

Numerical analysis on solidification process and heat transfer of FGH95 superalloy droplets during PREP

In order to understand the relation between microstructure of superalloypowders and its solidification progress, the processing parameters are optimized during plasmarotating electrode processing (PREP). It was predicted from the results that the droplet velocities,droplet temperature, and fractional solidification with flight time about FGH95 superalloy droplethave been carried out based on Newtonian heat transfer formulation coupled with the classicalheterogeneous nucleation and the specific solidification process. It has been found that the dropletdynamic and thermal behavior is strongly affected by the distribution of droplet diameters, theproportion of cooling atmosphere, but is relatively unaffected by the droplet superheat.

Curvature and Residual Stress Analysis in Rotational Leveling of Bars

Leveling process plays an important role in delivering the desired material properties and product standards.An analytical method for the rotational leveling process of bars was presented.First,each cross section of the bar in the leveling area was discretized with the roller gap-curvature relations established in both planes XYand XZ.Second,a numerical procedure with two steps was developed to simulate both pressing and leveling processes.This approach can be easily implemented to produce simulation results of the curvature and trajectory distributions during the leveling process,as well as the bending and residual stresses.It is found that curvature and trajectory distributions follow a sine-shape due to the characteristic of rotational movement,which also results in a helical pattern of residual stress after leveling.Based on the results obtained,it is also observed that the rotational movement is beneficial for adding the number of bending cycle.This is the reason why there are only a few pairs of rollers on the bar leveler.

Neutrino emissivity of the nucleon direct URCA process for rotational traditional and hyperonic neutron stars

Based on covariant density functional theory, we study the effects of rotation on the nucleon direct URCA（N-DURCA） process for traditional and hyperonic neutron stars. The calculated results indicate that, for a fixed mass sequence of rotational traditional neutron stars, the neutrino emissivity of the star is nearly invariant with increasing frequency, while it always increases for rotational hyperonic neutron stars. Thus, rotation has different effects on the N-DURCA process for these two kinds of neutron stars.

Solidification Behavior and Microstructures Characteristics of Ti-48Al-3Nb-1.5Ta Powder Produced by Supreme-Speed Plasma Rotating Electrode Process

In this study,the characteristics and solidification behavior of Ti-48Al-3Nb-1.5Ta powder produced by supreme-speed plasma rotating electrode process(SS-PREP®)were investigated.The microstructure,phase and characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and other methods.The atomization mechanism is direct drop formation.The relationship between the particle size and cooling rate is vc=3.14×10^(-7)·d^(-2)+1.18×10^(-2)·d^(3/2),and the relationship between secondary dendrite arm space and the particle size isλ=0.028d+0.11,as well as the relationship between SDAS and cooling rate isλ=4.84×10^(-5)·T^(-1.43).With increase in particle size,the surface structure gradually changes from the featureless smooth structure to dendritic and cellular dendritic morphology,and the flow ability becomes better.The carbides mainly exist within 5 nm of the surface and the oxidation layer is about 20 nm thick.Ti-48Al-3Nb-1.5Ta powder was mainly composed ofα2 phase andγphase.With increase in particle size,the content ofγphase increases,and the hardness decreases accordingly.The 106–250μm particles are composed of multiple grains with the grain size of 70–80μm.The microstructure,phase composition and hardness of different TiAl powders with the same size are similar,but the elastic modulus is different.