Foreword: East-West Asymmetry of the Inner Core and Earth Rotational Dynamics

In the last several years since 2004 an important new finding has been unveiled by combined efforts due to Japanese （Satoru Tanaka）, French （Renaud Deguen, Y Albousierre and Marc Monnereau）, American and Chinese geophysicists （Xiaodong Song and Vernon F Cormier） who employed from unambi- guous detailed seismological evidence and explained by clear theoretical and sound laboratory arguments drawn from fluid dynamics that there exists a strong East-West hemi-spherical asymmetry on the inner- outer core boundary,

A brief review on wind turbine aerodynamics

This article briefly reviews wind turbine aerodynamics, which follows an explanation of the aerodynamic complexity. The aerodynamic models including blade momentum theory, vortex wake model, dynamic stall and rotational effect, and their applications in wind turbine aerodynamic performance prediction are discussed and documented. Recent progress in computational fluid dynamics for wind turbine is addressed. Wind turbine aerodynamic experimental studies are also selectively introduced.

Dynamics of a Rotating Sphere on Free Surface of Vibrated Granular Materials

We investigate the rotational dynamics of a low-density sphere on the free surface of a vertically vibrated granular material（VGM）. The dynamical behavior of the sphere is influenced by the external energy input from an electromagnetic shaker which is proportional to ε,where ε is equal to the ratio between the square of the dimensionless acceleration Γ and the square of the vibration frequency f of the container. Empirical results reveal that as the VGM transits from local-to-global convection,an increase in ε generally corresponds to an increase in the magnitudes of the rotational ω（RS） and translational v（CM） velocities of the sphere, an increase in the observed tilting angle θ（bed） of the VGM bed, and a decrease in the time t（wall） it takes the sphere to roll down the tilted VGM bed and hit the container wall. During unstable convection, an increase in ε results in a sharp decrease in the sphere＇s peak and mean ω（RS）,and a slight increase in t（wall）.For the range of ε values covered in this study, the sphere may execute persistent rotation, wobbling or jamming, depending on the vibration parameters and the resulting convective flow in the system.

Analysis of the Orbitation and Rotation of Celestial Bodies

We have developed a structure of dynamic knowledge for non-inertial systems, the so-called Theory of Dynamic Interactions (TDI) as a part of non-inertial dynamic knowledge, which incorporates a causal demonstration of phenomena accelerated by rotation, which would complement Classical Mechanics. We believe that the TDI mathematical model that we propose is of great conceptual importance. In addition, we think that it is not only necessary to understand the dynamics of rotating bodies, but also to understand the dynamics of the cosmos, with bodies that orbit and with constantly recurring movements, which make possible systems that have been in dynamic equilibrium for centuries and are not in a process of unlimited expansion. We even believe that this new dynamic theory allows us a better understanding of our universe, and the matter from which it is made.

Uncompensated Centrifugal Flow about Accelerated Cosmic Expansion

Currently, we are under the perception of a visible universe which has an accelerated expansion, because repeated evidences obtained by several technics since the well known observations performed by Edwin Powell Hubble. The world scientific community was astonished by these observations, and since then until today, countless calculations have been made that only leave the hypothesis of the existence of an unknown cosmic entity that has the particularity of repelling matter from each other when it is sufficiently separated by huge amounts of that entity, which was called as “dark energy”. This “dark energy” is a completely unknown thing, and it is understood by some researchers as the convenient hypothesis, because it is which emerges from deep calculations and observations. Bearing in mind that we already know about all cosmic objects and systems are in rotation, both locally and not so locally, and that everything is full and endowed with intrinsic and extrinsic angular momentum, it seems logical to think that rotational dynamics must also apply to the more extensive, and that if locally (and not so locally) we perceive and infer rotating objects everywhere, then they must also exist globally. So, starting from the idea that rotation is omnipresent, at every level of sizes;from the invisibly small to the invisibly large, I thought that it is really wise to cover it through rotation dynamics, or that in the worst case, we cannot ignore the fact of the omnipresent rotation in any entity to infer. And this is the main reason for the resolution and the motivation of the birth of the publication of this study. Based on this seemingly simple idea, these results and conclusions of this study was reached: following a formal logic and evidence of the accelerated unfolding of the cosmic fabric, another hypothesis is proposed as an alternative to the existence of the “dark energy”: The intensities of centrifugal acceleration fluxes exceed the intensities of gravitational fluxes, which are not sufficient to compensate for the centrifugal flux, which is why baryonic and exotic matter, energy, space and time are extended, in geometric progression with respect to our apparent time. So, this unfolding of the cosmic fabric might not be caused by a “dark energy”, but by centrifugal fields of rotational-orbital domains. Besides all the above, this publication has a double purpose, because it is also intended to cover another matter;these deep attentions to the Rotational Dynamics also derive in another solution or hypothesis regarding the formed mystery after observing the incoherent too high velocity of matter in the far latitudes in spiral galaxies: The hypothesis of the existence of the so-called “dark matter” arises from the observation that, in spiral galaxies, all that matter which is located beyond a critical distance from the galactic rotation axis, travels too fast, while the calculations illustrate an insufficient intensity of gravitational acceleration flux to explain that speed and to retain all that matter while maintaining the orbital distance. However, the concept I present here, is that, in a spiral galaxy, all those matter which is positioned farthest from the main rotation axis, is effectively lost in space as time goes by, or what is the same, the intensity of the centrifugal acceleration field is not compensated by that of the gravitational field, and the destiny of every spiral galaxy is a more or less homogeneous and compact disk-shaped galaxy. As a basic NOTE to be taken into account;in the present article we intend to show the radical, meticulous and delicate relation that exists in the considerations of the classic concept of “isolated system of particles”, with the degrees of the consistencies of the connections between all those “particles”, whether they are inter-material bonds, or, in a relativistic scope, bonds between the same cosmic fabric. And this is so, because the idea of “isolated” falls directly and precisely on the criterion that we put to the degree of consistency of each connection between each “part” or “particle” that integrates the presumed and inferred concept of “isolated system” with respect to the rest of systems or universe.

Continuous Dynamic Rotation Measurements Using a Compact Cold Atom Gyroscope

We present an experimental demonstration of the rotation measurement using a compact cold atom gyroscope. Atom interference fringes are observed in the stationary frame and the rotating frame, respectively. The phase shift and contrast of the interference fringe are experimentally investigated. The results show that the contrast of the interference fringe is well held when the platform is rotated, and the phase shift of the interference fringe is linearly proportional to the rotation rate of the platform. The long-term stability, which is evaluated by the overlapped Allan deviation, is 8.5 × 10^-6 rad/s over the integrating time of 1000s.

Development of an ultra-high-pressure rotary combined dynamic seal and experimental study on its sealing performance in deep energy mining conditions

With the continuous development of deep oil and gas,minerals,geothermal resources,and other resources,there are increasingly more stringent requirements for equipment.In particular,the ultra-highpressure dynamic seals of deep mining device need to be developed.Therefore,considering the use of dynamic seals in unique deep mining environments,an ultra-high-pressure rotating combined dynamic seal was designed and developed and its sealing performance was experimentally measured and analyzed.The results show that the experimental device can operate stably under a pressure of up to150 MPa and a rotating speed of 76 r/min,and can also operate normally under a rotating speed of up to 140 r/min and a sealing pressure of 120 MPa.During the operation of the ultra-high-pressure rotating combined dynamic seal,the sealing ring does not show obvious damage,which vouches for its sealing performance.No leakage of flow and pressure was detected in the all seal structures within the sealing pressure range of 0-150 MPa.Therefore,the dynamic sealing performance of the device is intact under ultra-high-pressure conditions and can be applied in deep mining environments at a certain depth.The research and development of this device can aid future deep energy exploration and exploitation.

Discussion on event horizon and quantum ergosphere of dynamic rotating black holes in a tunneling framework

According to the Parikh-Wilczek tunneling framework, the locations of the local horizons of dynamic rotating black holes can be worked out. The calculations show that the quantum ergosphere of the black hole is identical with the tunneling potential barrier set by particle＇s tunneling across the relevant horizon. Then, some discussions on the origin of the Hawking radiation will be shown.

Energy Optimization of Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

This paper reports a wind-powered water pumping system implemented in rural side of Pakistan. The design methodology presented in this paper shah enhance the efficiency of the existing Savonius turbine＇s performance by modifying it aerodynamically. Blades with different twist angles are designed in Solid Edge and analyzed using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） with ANSYS FLUENT software. Static and rotational analyses are performed to get optimized twist angle and results are highlighted. The performances of the turbine in both static and rotational analyses are compared.

Production of cold CN molecules by photodissociating ICN precursors in brute-force field

We theoretically investigate the production of cold CN molecules by photodissociating ICN precursors in a brute-force field. The energy shifts and adiabatic orientation of the rotational ICN precursors are first investigated as a function of the external field strength. The dynamical photofragmentation of ICN precursors is numerically simulated for cases with and without orienting field. The CN products are compared in terms of their velocity distributions. A small portion of the CN fragments are recoiled to near zero speed in the lab frame by appropriately selecting the photo energy for dissociation. With a precursor ICN molecular beam of - 1.5 K in rotational temperature, the production of low speed CN fragments can be improved by more than 5 times when an orienting electrical field of 100 k V/cm is present. The corresponding production rate for decelerated fragments with speeds ≤ 50 m/s is simulated to be about ～2.1×10^-4 and CN number densities of 10^8 –10^10 cm^-3 can be reached with precursor ICN densities of ～10^12 –10^14 cm^-3 from supersonic expansion.

事件地平线和在一个通道框架的动态旋转的黑洞的量 ergosphere 的讨论

According to the Parikh–Wilczek tunneling framework, the locations of the local horizons of dynamic rotating black holes can be worked out. The calculations show that the quantum ergosphere of the black hole is identical with the tunneling potential barrier set by particle’s tunneling across the relevant horizon. Then, some discussions on the origin of the Hawking radiation will be shown.

Simultaneous field-free molecular orientation and planar delocalization by THz laser pulses[Invited]

This study shows the unexpected and counterintuitive possibility of simultaneously orienting a molecule while delocalizing its molecular axis in a plane in field-free conditions.The corresponding quantum states are characterized,and different control strategies using shaped terahertz(THz)laser pulses are proposed to reach such states at zero and nonzero temperatures.The robustness against temperature effects of a simple control procedure combining a laser and a THz pulse is shown.Such control strategies can be applied not only to linear molecules but also to symmetric top molecules.

Effects of surface roughness on interfacial dynamic recrystallization and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo alloy joints produced by hot-compression bonding

The influence of surface roughness on the interfacial dynamic recrystallization kinetics and mechanical properties of Ti-6 Al-3 Nb-2 Zr-1 Mo hot-compression bonding joints was systematically investigated.It is found that for the bonding interface of rough surfaces,elongated fine grains are formed at the bonding interface due to shear deformation of the interfacial area.As the surface roughness increases,the proportion of elongated grains drastically decreases as they further reorient to form equiaxed grains along the bonding interface of rougher surfaces resulting from severe incompatible deformation of the interface area.Meanwhile,high-density geometrically necessary dislocations accumulate around the interfacial recrystallization area to accommodate the incompatible strain and lattice rotation.A rotational dynamic recrystallization mechanism is thereby proposed to rationalize the formation of fine interfacial recrystallization grains during bonding of rough surfaces.In contrast to that of rough surfaces,bonding interface of polished surfaces exists in the form of straight interface grain boundaries without fine grains under the same deformation conditions.While with the increase of deformation strain,small grain nuclei form along the bonding interface,which is associated with discontinuous dynamic recrystallization assisted by strain-induced boundary migration of interface grain boundaries.Moreover,the bonding joints of rough surfaces show lower elongation compared with that of polished surfaces.This is because the formation of heterogeneous fine grains with low Schmid factor along the bonding interface of rough surfaces,leading to worse compatible deformation capability and thereby poor ductility of bonding joints.

Super twisting controller for on-orbit servicing to non-cooperative target

A relative position and attitude coupled controller is proposed for rendezvous and docking between two docking ports located in different spacecraft. It is concerned with servicing to a tumbling non-cooperative target spacecraft in arbitrary orbit subjected to external disturbances.By considering both kinematic and dynamical coupled effects of relative rotation on relative translation, a coupled dynamic model is established to represent the relative motion of docking port on target spacecraft with respect to another on the service spacecraft. The spacecraft control is based on the second order sliding mode algorithm of super twisting（ST）. It is schemed to manipulate the relative position and attitude synchronously. A formal proof of the finite time convergence property of the closed-loop system is derived theoretically by the second method of Lyapunov. Numerical simulations with the designed ST controller are presented to validate the analytic analysis by contrast with the twisting control algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed relative position and attitude integrated controller is characterized by high precision, strong robustness and high reliability.

Microstructure evolution of Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy against soft steel core projectile

The study aimed to shed light on the post deformation and damage behavior of an extruded Mg-Zn-Zr alloy under a ballistic impact.The results revealed that the initial microstructure consisted of both{0001}basal and{1010}prismatic fiber texture.After impact,adiabatic shear bands,pronounce different twinning in big grains,,<c>,and<c+a>types of dislocations,and grain refinement through twinning induce recrystallization accommodated the strain,and absorbed∼65.7%of the energy during impact carried by a soft steel projectile.Interestingly,the deformation behavior at the top broad sides of the crater was entirely different.The weak basal texture was changed to a strong prismatic texture,which was further proved by typical sigmoidal compressive stress-strain curves.A revised model for the development of the ultra-fine grains adjacent to the crater has been proposed.The microhardness and yield strength was∼33%and∼40%higher and chiefly ascribed to strain hardening in ultra-fine grained near the surface of the perforation path.The exit of the perforation path was severely damaged and forms onion-shaped concentric rings which were comprised of melted zones,dimples,and cracks.Based on the all interesting findings,this study can be a clue for the development of the lightweight Mg alloy for military and aerospace applications.

A simulation study of mercury release fluxes from soils in wet–dry rotation environment

A simulative mesocosm study was conducted to evaluate the influence of wet-dry rotation on mercury（Hg） flux from soil/water to air and the distribution of Hg species in water as well as Hg chemical fractions in soil. Three types of soil were employed including two kinds of paddy soil, Typic Purpli-Udic Cambosols（TPUC） and Xanthi-Udic Ferralosols（XUF）, as well as the Alluvial Soil（AS） from Three Gorge reservoir area in Chongqing, China. The results showed that Hg fluxes in wetting periods were significantly higher than that in drying periods. It might be due to the formation of a layer of stable air over the water surface in which some redox reactions promote evasion processes over the water surface. This result indicated that more Hg would be evaporated from the Three Gorge reservoir and paddy soil field during the flooding season. Hg fluxes were positively correlated with air temperature and solar irradiation, while negatively correlated with air humidity and the electronic conductivity of water. Hg fluxes from AS and TPUC were significantly higher than that from XUF, which might be due to the higher organic matter（OM） contents in XUF than TPUC and AS. The reduction processes of oxidized Hg were restrained due to the strong binding of Hg to OM, resulting in the decrease in Hg flux from the soil.

A high-order model of rotating stall in axial compressors with inlet distortion

In this paper,a high-order distortion model is proposed for analyzing the rotating stall inception process induced by inlet distortion in axial compressors.A distortion-generating screen in the compressor inlet is considered.By assuming a quadratic function for the local flow total pressure-drop,the existing Mansoux model is extended to include the effects of static inlet distortion,and a new high-order distortion model is derived.To illustrate the effectiveness of the distortion model,numerical simulations are performed on an eighteenth-order model.It is demonstrated that long length-scale disturbances emerge out of the distorted background flow,and further induce the onset of rotating stall in advance.In addition,the circumferential non-uniform distribution and time evolution of the axial flow are also shown to be consistent with the existing features.It is thus shown that the high-order distortion model is capable of describing the transient behavior of stall inception and will contribute further to stall detection under inlet distortion.