Prevalence and Genotypes of Rotavirus A and Human Adenovirus among Hospitalized Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Fujian, China, 2009-2017

Gastroenteritis is an infectious diarrhea that has been considered as an important cause of hospitalizations and death in children aged < 5 years, particularly in developing countries. Unsanitary water, contaminated food, poor hygiene, and inadequate disposal of waste and feces are all risk factors for gastroenteritis, resulting in the higher incidence in developing countries. Gastroenteritis is generally caused by viral infections, among which rotavirus (RV) infections have been reported to be the most common, especially among young children aged < 5 years with acute gastroenteritis in Asia and Africa[1]. Other viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis include human Adenovirus (HAdV), Norovirus, Sapovirus (SaV), human Astrovirus (HAstV), and Aichi virus. Recent research has reported that adenovirus types 40 and 41, belonging to species F, cause gastroenteritis and were therefore termed as enteric adenoviruses. In addition, non-enteric HAdV species such as A, B, C, and D have been associated with diarrheal.

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Rotavirus and Adenovirus Related Gastroenteritis in Beijing:A Retrospective Case-control Study in Pediatric Patients

Rotavirus(RV)is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis among children younger than 5-yearold worldwide.RV has nine groups(Group A to I)and Group A(RVA)is the main cause of severe gastroenteritis disease in children.Human adenovirus(HAdV)consists of 7 species(HAdV-A through HAdV-G)including over 70 serotypes,and group F serotypes 40 and 41 are related to gastroenteritis[1].There were reports that revealed co-infection of AdV with RVA and Norovirus[2].Here we report an epidemiological and clinical analysis of RVA and AdV infection through a single-centered retrospective case-control study.

Molecular characterization of VP4,VP6,VP7 and NSP4 genes of group B rotavirus strains from outbreaks of gastroenteritis

Objective:To characterize VP4,VP6,VP7 and NSP4 genes of representative GBR strains(NIV- 005625.MV-04622 and NIV-094456) delected as the major eliolngic agenl in the outbreaks of gastroenteritis in western India.Methods:Fecal specimens collected during the outbreaks of gastroenteritis were processed for RNA isolation.RT-PCR using GBR VP4.VP6.VP7 and NSP4 gene specific primers,nucleotide sequencing of the amplicons and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences.Results:Phylogenetic analysis of all of the VP4.VP6.VP7 and NSP4 gene sequences revealed clustering of GBR strains in Indian-Bangladeshi lineage of genotype G2 with 95.8%- 99.4%nucleotide and 97.3%-100.0%amino acid identities.However,all three strains showed the presence of unique amino acid substitutions in the VP4 protein suggesting alteration in the antigenicity of outbreak strains of GBR.The VP8* and VP5* regions of VP4 proteins showed respectively 0.5%-6.3%and 0.2%-1.1%amino acid divergence from human GBR strains of Indian-Bangladeshi lineage.Conclusions:These data confirm the reported variability of VP8* region and suggest the possible role of this region in the perpetuation of GBR infections in the environment.This is the first study to document the phylogenetic relationship of VP4,VP6.VP7 and NSP4 genes of GBR strains detected in the outbreaks of gastroenteritis from India with the CBR strains from other parts of world.

Prevalence of adenovirus and rotavirus infection in immunocompromised patients with acute gastroenteritis in Portugal

AIM: To characterize the prevalence of rotavirus(RV) and adenovirus(Ad V) infections in immunocompromised patients with acute gastroenteritis. METHODS: The presence of RV and Ad V(serotypes 40 and 41) was evaluated in 509 stool samples obtained between January 2009 and December 2010 from 200 immunocompromised patients(83 females and 117 males; median age 21 years old, range 0-72. The diagnosis of infection was performed as a routine procedure and the presence of RV and Ad V(serotypes 40 and 41) was determined by immunochromatography using the RIDA&#174; Quick Rota-Adeno-Kombi kit(r-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany). The data analysis and description of seasonal frequencies were performed using computer software IBM&#174; SPSS&#174;(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Statistics version 20.0 for Mac. The frequencies of infection were compared into different age and gender groups by χ2 test.RESULTS: The study revealed 12.4% Ad V positive samples and 0.8% RV positive samples, which correspond to a prevalence of 6.5% and 1.5%, respectively. Ad V was more frequent between October 2009 and April 2010, while RV was identified in April 2010 and July 2010. The stool analysis revealed that from the 509 samples, 63(12.4%) were positive for Ad V and 4(0.8%) positive for RV, which by resuming the informationof each patient, lead to an overall prevalence of Ad V and RV of 6.5%(13/200 patients) and 1.5%(3/200 patients), respectively. The stratification of the analysis regarding age groups showed a tendency to an increased prevalence of infection in paediatric patients between 0-10 years old. Considering the seasonal distribution of these infections, our study revealed that Ad V infection was more frequent between October 2009 and April 2010, while RV infection was characterized by two distinct peaks(April 2010 and July 2010). CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of Ad V and RV infection in immunocompromised patients with acute gastroenteritis was 8% and Ad V was the most prevalent agent.

Impact of rotavirus vaccine on acute gastroenteritis emergency department visits and hospitalizations in a highly-vaccinated urban cohort

Background: Rotavirus vaccines (RVV) have significantly reduced rotavirus disease in children over the past 4 years in the United States. In this study, we describe the impact of RVV in preventing acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospital encounters in a highly-vaccinated urban pediatric network during the 2007 and 2008 rotavirus seasons. Methods: We used 5 urban practices from a practice-based network to conduct a retrospective cohort study comparing the numbers of AGE emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in RVV-immunized (exposed) and non-immunized (unexposed) children during the first 2 full seasons following RVV introduction. We determined incident rate ratios (IRR), using Poisson regression, and vaccine effectiveness for each outcome. Results: The 2007 and 2008 cohorts were analyzed separately. 62% of the 2007 cohort was vaccinated and 88% of the 2008 cohort. AGE hospitalizations were significantly reduced among RVV-immunized children from the 2007 cohort in the 2008 season with vaccine effectiveness of 67%. Sub-analysis of this cohort by age revealed that RVV was most protective against hospitalizations in the youngest age group (IRR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.06, 0.82). A trend toward protection against hospitalization was detected for both cohorts in the first season following immunization that did not reach a statistically significant level. For AGE ED visits, no significant difference was seen between RVV-immunized and non-immunized children in either cohort, although there was a trend toward protection (IRR’s: 0.67 - 0.7). Conclusions: RVV was highly effective in preventing AGE hospitalizations for a subset of our cohort in 2008. Given reports of RVV effectiveness, we hypothesize that herd immunity is responsible for the inability to detect a significant difference between RVV-immunized and non-immunized children in our highly- vaccinated cohort.

Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination in Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Outpatient Visits at Three Pediatric Primary Care Clinics in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

The impact of rotavirus (RV) vaccination in reducing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in outpatient settings was prospectively surveyed in three pediatric clinics in Shibata City. In children younger than 3 years of age, the occurrence of severe RVGE among all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was found to be significantly lower in three seasons after introduction of RV vaccines, compared to that in 2011, before introduction of RV vaccines. The incidence rates of severe RVGE among children younger than 3 years of age were found to be reduced by 71.2%, 47.7%, and 81.1% for 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively, compared to that in 2011. These results suggest that the RV vaccination is effective for the prevention of severe RVGE in Japanese voluntary RV vaccination settings with estimated coverage rates of 32.5%, 40.5% and 47.1% for 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. It is expected that the reducing effect on severe RVGE would be persistently established by increasing the vaccine coverage rates.

Recent emergence and outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Samoa:A scoping review of risk factors,containment measures and public health preparedness

Diarrheal diseases have been known to cause death in many children below the age of five years,and rotavirus infection represents a major health problem in the world today,particularly in developing countries.The recent outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Samoa led to the introduction of her debut national immunization program on rotavirus vaccination for infants.Despite the introduction of anti-viral and anti-emetic drugs as of the containment approaches towards the virus,risk factors,preventive measures and public health preparedness against rotavirus infection are poorly understood in Samoa.This review aims to use available evidence on rotavirus literature to elucidate and map preventive strategies for the recently emerged rotavirus infections in Samoa.We conducted a search strategy using online medical literature databases and retrieval systems.A designated set of keywords such as rotavirus,gastroenteritis,outbreak,risk factors,containment measures,vaccination and Samoa were inserted in electronic databases to retrieve articles.The databases included Pub Med,Google Scholar,MEDLINE,Scinapse,and EBSCO host.Findings from this review addressed the impact of rotavirus infection,associated threats and other preventive measures.Introducing useful health frameworks in pursuing possible methods such as improved water quality,exclusive breast feeding,improved laboratory diagnostics and outbreak surveillance,may be essential in addressing alternate approaches towards containment of the disease in Samoa and other Pacific Island Countries and Territories.

Rotavirus, Norovirus and Astrovirus in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years: Evolution of Prevalence over 10 Years (2013-2023) Following the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccines in Burkina Faso

Rotaviruses, noroviruses, and astroviruses are responsible for gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old. The objective of our study was to estimate the evolution of prevalence of rotavirus, norovirus and astrovirus infections in children aged 0 to 5 years with gastroenteritis, after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Burkina Faso. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2023, collecting 100 stool samples from children with gastroenteritis at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou and the Charles De Gaulle University Paediatric Hospital. Noroviruses and astroviruses were detected using multiplex real-time PCR with a Sacace biotechnology detection kit. Data analysis was performed with Stata statistical software, version 16.0. The prevalence of norovirus infections was 14% and astrovirus infections were 9%. Rotavirus infections were found at prevalence of 15%. The age group most affected by norovirus and astrovirus infections was 0 - 12 months, with respective prevalence rates of 73.34% and 55.56%. The most frequently observed clinical signs in children infected with astrovirus were fever (77.78%), diarrhea (55.56%), and vomiting (44.44%). The introduction of rotavirus vaccines has reduced rotavirus-related infections. However, this has not significantly impacted the prevalence of norovirus and astrovirus infections in Burkina Faso.

Exploring the impact of rotavirus vaccination on antibiotic prescription and resistance:A comprehensive systematic review

BACKGROUND Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus responsible for a significant burden of acute gastroenteritis,particularly among infants and young children worldwide,however,vaccination against this viral agent is available.Several studies have hypothesized that rotavirus vaccination has been linked to lower rates of antibiotic resistance.AIM To assess the relationship between rotavirus vaccination and antibiotic resistance.METHODS The present systematic review was tailored based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Several electronic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus and Web of Science)were searched independently by two investigators in order to retrieve relevant publications published until April 2023 that investigated the aforementioned research question.RESULTS The comprehensive database search identified a total of 91 records.After the duplicates were removed(n=75),we screened the titles and abstracts of 16 potentially eligible publications.After the irrelevant records were excluded(n=5),we screened the full texts of 11 manuscripts.Finally,5 studies were entered into the qualitative and quantitative analysis.CONCLUSION In conclusion,all the studies support the idea that vaccinations can reduce the need for antibiotic prescriptions which could potentially contribute to mitigating antibiotic resistance.However,to fully comprehend the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance,enhance treatment guidelines,and consider diverse demographic situations,further research is necessary to use evidence-based strategies to fight antibiotic misuse and resistance.

Regional hospitalisation and seasonal variations of Pediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis pre-and post-RV vaccination:a prospective and retrospective study

Background Rotavirus is the primary cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide and is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in children,with a significant burden.Rotavirus vaccine became available in Ireland in 2016.This study aimed to investigate hospital admissions and seasonal characteristics of rotavirus gastroenteritis in a pre-and post-vaccination period in a single district general hospital.Methods In the post-vaccination year,from November 18th 2016 to November 18th 2017,all children up to 3 years of age who presented to Mayo University Hospital with vomiting and diarrhea,were recruited and had their stool tested for rotavirus.Retrospective analysis of hospital data of children of the same age during pre-vaccination years(2014–2016)were used for comparison.Results Compared with the pre-vaccination years(2014–2016),the median percentages of reduction of rotavirus positive stool requests and hospital admissions were high,48.5%and 73%,respectively.In the post-vaccination year,the median percentage of reduction of emergency department presentation(stool requests)with gastroenteritis was 9%.No delay in the onset of RV season or reduction of the peak of RV infection was noted in the post-vaccination year.The duration of rotavirus season in 2016/2017 was short.Conclusions Compared with 3 pre-vaccination years,the total number of gastroenteritis presentations,gastroenteritis hospital admissions,and rotavirus positive gastroenteritis cases were all reduced,and the duration of the rotavirus season was shorter.

Treatment of rotaviral gastroenteritis with Qiwei Baizhu powder

AIM To observe the effects of Qiwei Baizhu Powder ( QWBZP) on rotaviral gastroenteritis in children and in animal models.``METHODS Enrolled patients were divided into two groups, and one group was treated with oral rehydration solution(ORS) and the other treated with oral liquid of QWBZP. Neonate mice were orally infected with 50 μLrotavirus suspension (4 × l0s PFU/mL) and treated with ORS or oral liquid of QWBZP, respectively.``RESULTS Eighty-three cases of rotaviral gastroenteritis treated with QWBZP revealed a better efficacy than that treated with ORS (x2 - 10.8T, P<0.05). The contents of sodium and glucose as well as number of patients with positive human rotavirus antigen in stool in QWBZP group were all less than that in ORS group. In animal models,QWBZP was found effective in treating rotavirus gastroenteritis in neonate NIH mice, as compared with control groups. In QWBZP group, the mortality of infected mice was decreased by 73.3%, the body weight of infected mice was increased, the contents of sodium and glucose as well as number of mice with positive rotavirus antigen in feces were significantly reduced, and the pathological changes such as damage of small intestinal mucosa and villi were also obviously alleviated.``CONCLUSION QWBZP has effects on improving the absorptive function of small intestine, shortening the duration of diarrhea and rotavirus shedding from stool and alleviating the pathological changes of small intestine induced by rotavirus.

Acute effects of rotavirus and malnutrition on intestinal barrier function in neonatal piglets

AIM: To investigate the effect of protein-energy malnutrition on intestinal barrier function during rotavirus enteritis in a piglet model.METHODS: Newborn piglets were allotted at day 4 of age to the following treatments:(1) full-strength formula(FSF)/noninfected;(2) FSF/rotavirus infected;(3) half-strength formula(HSF)/noninfected;or(4) HSF/rotavirus infected.After one day of adjustment to the feeding rates,pigs were infected with rotavirus and acute effects on growth and diarrhea were monitored for 3 d and jejunal samples were collected for Ussingchamber analyses.RESULTS: Piglets that were malnourished or infected had lower body weights on days 2 and 3 post-infection(P < 0.05).Three days post-infection,marked diarrhea and weight loss were accompanied by sharp reductions in villus height(59%) and lactase activity(91%) and increased crypt depth(21%) in infected compared with non-infected pigs(P < 0.05).Malnutrition also increased crypt depth(21%) compared to full-fed piglets.Villus:crypt ratio was reduced(67%) with viral infection.There was a trend for reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance with rotavirus infection and malnutrition(P = 0.1).3H-mannitol flux was significantly increased(50%;P < 0.001) in rotavirus-infected piglets compared to non-infected piglets,but there was no effect of nutritional status.Furthermore,rotavirus infection reduced localization of the tight junction protein,occludin,in the cell membrane and increased localization in the cytosol.CONCLUSION: Overall,malnutrition had no additive effects to rotavirus infection on intestinal barrier function at day 3 post-infection in a neonatal piglet model.

Resolution of acute gastroenteritis symptoms in children and adults treated with a novel polyphenol-based prebiotic

AIM: To test efficacy and durability of a polyphenol-based prebiotic treatment for acute gastroenteritis in a 300 patient double-blinded clinical study.

The Incidence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus Infections among Children with Diarrhea in Sulaimani Province, Iraq

Human rotavirus and adenovirus infections are major causes of acute outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, occurring primarily among children less than 5 years of age. Little is known about the epidemiology of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus infections in Sulaimani and Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical significance of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis and also to determine possible risk factors for rotavirus and adenovirus gastroenteritis using new simple rapid screening test (VIKIA ROTA AND ADENO). This is a qualitative test based on the immunochromatography technique. In the study, one hundred children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis admitted to Sulaimani Paediatric Hospital were studied. Rotavirus was identified in 22% of the children, adenovirus was identified in 3% of the children, and mixed rotavirus and adenovirus was identified in 2% of the children. All positive cases were younger than 2 years of age. The findings show that rotavirus is most commonly detected. However, there were no significant associations between rotavirus and adenovirus and gender, type of feeding, geographical distribution, the source of drinking water, and the past history of admission to hospital.

Clinical factors predicting rotavirus diarrhea in children:A crosssectional study from two hospitals

BACKGROUND Rotavirus is still a significant contributing morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients.AIM To look at clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings that can predict rotavirus gastroenteritis compared to non-rotavirus gastroenteritis.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with medical records obtained from December 2015 to December 2019.Inclusion criteria for this study include all hospitalised pediatric patients(0-18 years old)diagnosed with suspected rotavirus diarrhea.The receiver operating curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test would be used to assess the final prediction findings'calibration(goodness of fit)and discrimination performance.RESULTS This study included 267 participants with 187(70%)rotavirus-diarrhea cases.The patients were primarily male in both rotavirus(65.2%)and non-rotavirus(62.5%)groups.The median age is 1.33 years old(0.08-17.67 years old).Multivariate analysis shows that wet season(OR_(adj)=2.5;95%CI:1.3-4.8,Padj=0.006),length of stay(LOS)≥3 days(OR_(adj)=5.1;95%CI:1.4-4.8,Padj=0.015),presence of abdominal pain(OR_(adj)=3.0;95%CI:1.3-6.8,Padj=0.007),severe dehydration(OR_(adj)=2.9;95%CI:1.1-7.9,Padj=0.034),abnormal white blood cell counts(OR_(adj)=2.8;95%CI:1.3-6.0,Padj=0.006),abnormal random blood glucose(OR_(adj)=2.3;95%CI:1.2-4.4,Padj=0.018)and presence of fecal leukocytes(OR_(adj)=4.1,95%CI:1.7-9.5,Padj=0.001)are predictors of rotavirus diarrhea.The area under the curve for this model is 0.819(95%CI:0.746-0.878,P value<0.001),which shows that this model has good discrimination.CONCLUSION Wet season,LOS≥3 d,presence of abdominal pain,severe dehydration,abnormal white blood cell counts,abnormal random blood glucose,and presence of fecal leukocytes predict rotavirus diarrhea.

Molecular-Genetic Characterization of Human Rotavirus A Strains Circulating in Moscow, Russia(2009–2014)

Enteric viruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis （AGE） in young children and a significant public health problem globally. Hospital admissions of children under 5 years of age with diarrhea are primarily associated with group A rotavirus （RVA） infection. In this retrospective study, the population structure of viruses linked to AGE etiology in young children hospitalized with AGE in Moscow was evaluated, and molecular characterization of RYA strains was performed. Fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old hospitalized with AGE between 2009 and 2014 in Moscow, Russia. Multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to detect enteric viruses and for G/[P]-genotyping of isolated RVAs. Sequencing of RVA VP7 and VP4 cDNA fragments was used to validate the data obtained by PCR- genotyping. The main causes for hospitalization of children with AGE were RVA （40.1%）, followed by noroviruses （11.4%）, while adenoviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, and orthoreoviruses were detected in 4.7%, 1.9%, 1.4%, 1.2%, and 0.2% of samples tested, respectively. Nosocomial infections, predominantly associated with RVAs and noroviruses, were detected in 24.8% of cases and occurred significantly more frequently in younger infants. The predominant RVA genotype was G4P[8], detected in 38.7% of RVA-positive cases, whereas genotypes G1P[8], G9P[8], G3P[8], and G2P[4] were found in 11.8%, 6.6%, 4.2%, and 3.3% of cases, respectively. Together, the presence of circulating RVA strains with rare VP7 and VP4 gene variants （G6 and P[9]） highlights the need to conduct continuous epidemiological monitoring of RVA infection.

Efficacy,safety and immunogenicity of hexavalent rotavirus vaccine in Chinese infants

A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted in healthy Chinese infants to assess the efficacy and safety of a hexavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine(HRV)against rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE).A total of 6400 participants aged 6-12 weeks were enrolled and randomly assigned to either HRV(n?3200)or placebo(n?3200)group.All the subjects received three oral doses of vaccine four weeks apart.The vaccine efficacy(VE)against RVGE caused by rotavirus serotypes contained in HRV was evaluated from 14 days after three doses of administration up until the end of the second rotavirus season.VE against severe RVGE,VE against RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV,and VE against RVGE,severe RVGE,and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were also investigated.All adverse events(AEs)were collected for 30 days after each dose.Serious AEs(SAEs)and intussusception cases were collected during the entire study.Our data showed that VE against RVGE caused by serotypes contained in HRV was 69.21%(95%CI:53.31-79.69).VE against severe RVGE and RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV were 91.36%(95%CI:78.45-96.53)and 89.21%(95%CI:64.51-96.72)respectively.VE against RVGE,severe RVGE,and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were 62.88%(95%CI:49.11-72.92),85.51%(95%CI:72.74-92.30)and 83.68%(95%CI:61.34-93.11).Incidences of AEs from the first dose to one month post the third dose in HRV and placebo groups were comparable.There was no significant difference in incidences of SAEs in HRV and placebo groups.This study shows that this hexavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine is an effective,well-tolerated,and safe vaccine for Chinese infants.

Impact of rotavirus vaccine implementation on Israeli children:a comparison between pre-and post-vaccination era

Background Worldwide rotavirus vaccination has resulted in a substantial decrease in rotavirus-induced severe gastroenteritis and related hospitalizations among children.Still,the characterization of patients warranting hospitalization needs to be further elucidated.The purpose of the study is to compare the clinical and laboratory features of children hospitalized with acute rotavirus infection before and after the introduction of routine vaccination.Methods This is a retrospective observational study.Participants were pediatric patients who presented to the Bnai Zion Medical Center pediatric emergency department and were diagnosed with rotavirus acute gastroenteritis between 2017 and 2019.Results During the pre-vaccination period(2007–2009),114 infants and young children(median age:14 months,range:1–72 months;59 male,55 female)were hospitalized for rotavirus-induced acute gastroenteritis with a rate of 11.71 positive rotavirus tests per 1000 emergency room visits.In the post-vaccination period(2012–2019),168 infants and young children(median age:17 months,range:0–84 months;90 male,78 female)were hospitalized with a rate of 4.18 positive rotavirus tests per 1000 emergency room visits.There were no statistical differences between the two groups in gender,breast-feeding rates and sibling(s).The proportion of cases with moderate-to-severe dehydration was higher in the post-vaccination children than in the pre-vaccination children.Conclusions Rates of rotavirus-attributed acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations declined from the pre-to the post-vaccination period.Higher rates of dehydration were found in the post-vaccination children.Ongoing surveillance is warranted to better understand the implications of the vaccine.

2022年江苏省4种猪腹泻病毒分子流行病学调查

为了解江苏省猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪δ冠状病毒(PDCoV)、猪轮状病毒(PoRV)流行毒株的遗传变异趋势,采集了2022年江苏省不同猪场的病猪腹泻病料36份,使用RT-PCR方法分别检测PEDV、TGEV、PDCoV和PoRV感染情况,并对部分检测结果为阳性的PEDV、TGEV、PDCoV进行S基因扩增、测序和分析,对PoRV进行VP4、VP7基因扩增、测序和分析,共获得8个PESV S基因,1个TGEV S基因,1个PDCoV S基因,9个PoRV VP4及VP7基因序列。基于PEDV S基因的序列分析结果表明,2022年江苏PEDV流行毒株与我国2010年以来流行的GⅡ-b亚群变异株的序列同源性为97.0%~99.7%,属于同一亚群,而与CV777、SD-M等早期毒株亲缘关系较远;江苏PEDV流行毒株S1蛋白区域存在氨基酸的突变、插入及缺失,不同流行毒株之间存在一定的差异。基于TGEV S基因的序列分析结果表明,江苏TGEV流行毒株与中国毒株WH-1同源性最高,为99.9%;其S基因仅发生了3个氨基酸突变。基于PDCoV S基因的序列分析结果表明,江苏PDCoV流行毒株与CHN/HG/2017株的同源性最高,为98.2%,与来自中国、越南、老挝、泰国等东南亚国家的毒株亲缘关系较近,属于同一群;江苏PDCoV流行毒株的S1蛋白区域发生6个氨基酸的突变。基于PoRV VP4及VP7基因的序列分析结果表明,江苏PoRV流行毒株属于A群轮状病毒,具有G3[P13]型、G3[P23]型、G4[P13]型、G4[P23]型、G9[P13]型、G9[P23]和G11[P13]型7个不同的基因组合型。本研究结果为掌握江苏地区PEDV、TGEV、PDCoV、PoRV的流行情况、遗传进化趋势及其防控提供了理论依据。

轮状病毒阳性患儿发生轻度胃肠炎伴婴幼儿良性惊厥的影响因素分析

目的:探讨轮状病毒阳性患儿发生轻度胃肠炎伴婴幼儿良性惊厥(BICE)的影响因素。方法:选取2017年1月—2023年6月广西壮族自治区人民医院收治的18例轮状病毒抗原阳性BICE患儿作为BICE组,选取同期收治的85例轮状病毒性肠炎(MRE)患儿作为MRE组。收集并比较两组基本资料及实验室检查结果,采用多因素Logistic回归分析轮状病毒阳性患儿发生BICE的独立影响因素,采用受试者操作特征曲线分析独立影响因素诊断轮状病毒阳性BICE的效能。结果:BICE组呕吐次数多于MRE组,Na^(+)、Cl^(-)水平低于MRE组,尿酸(UA)水平高于MRE组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cl^(-)水平降低、UA水平升高是轮状病毒阳性患儿发生BICE的独立影响因素(P<0.05),Cl^(-)、UA对轮状病毒阳性BICE有一定诊断价值,二者联合检测对轮状病毒阳性BICE有较高诊断价值。结论:低Cl^(-)、高UA是轮状病毒阳性患儿发生BICE的独立影响因素,可用于轮状病毒阳性BICE的辅助诊断,且联合检测诊断效能较高。