Rotundic acid(RA),an ursane-type pentacyclic triterpene acid isolated from the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb.(Aquifoliaceae),possesses diverse bioactivities.To further study its pharmacokinetics,a simple and sensi...Rotundic acid(RA),an ursane-type pentacyclic triterpene acid isolated from the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb.(Aquifoliaceae),possesses diverse bioactivities.To further study its pharmacokinetics,a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(LC-QqQ-MS/MS)method was developed and validated to quantify RA concentration in rat plasma and tissue using etofesalamide as an internal standard(IS).Plasma and tissue samples were subjected to one-step protein precipitation.Chromatographic separation was achieved on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C_(18) column(4.6mm×50mm,5μm)under gradient conditions with eluents of methanol:acetonitrile(1:1,V/V)and 5mM ammonium formate:methanol(9:1,V/V)at 0.5mL/min.Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were performed at m/z 487.30→437.30 for RA and m/z 256.10→227.10 for IS in the negative mode.The developed LC-QqQ-MS/MS method exhibited good linearity(2-500 ng/mL)and was fully validated in accordance with U.S.Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical guidelines.Dose proportionality and bioavailability in rats were determined by comparing pharmacokinetic data after single oral(10,20,and 40mg/kg)and intravenous(10mg/kg)administration of RA.Tissue distribution was studied following oral administration at 20mg/kg.The results showed that the absolute bioavailability of RA after administration at different doses ranged from 16.1%to 19.4%.RA showed good dose proportionality over a dose range of 10-40 mg/kg.RA was rapidly absorbed in a dose-dependent manner and highly distributed in the liver.In conclusion,this study is the first to systematically elucidate the absorption and distribution characteristics of RA in rats,which can provide additional information for further development and evaluation of RA in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies.展开更多
In this paper, by using the generating function Φ and X the criteria of the rotundity for the Orlicz-Bochner function and sequence spaces endowed with the Luxemburg norm were obtained. And the sufficient and necessar...In this paper, by using the generating function Φ and X the criteria of the rotundity for the Orlicz-Bochner function and sequence spaces endowed with the Luxemburg norm were obtained. And the sufficient and necessary conditions were given for the extreme point of Orlicz-Bochner sequence space and the conditions in part for Orlicz-Bochner function space.展开更多
In this article, we prove the following results: (1) A Banach space X is weak midpoint locally k-uniformly rotund if and only if every closed ball of X is an approximatively weakly compact k-Chebyshev set; (2) A ...In this article, we prove the following results: (1) A Banach space X is weak midpoint locally k-uniformly rotund if and only if every closed ball of X is an approximatively weakly compact k-Chebyshev set; (2) A Banach space X is midpoint locally k-uniformly rotund if and only if every closed ball of X is an approximatively compact k-Chebyshev set.展开更多
In this paper, we define a new generalized difference sequence space involving lacunary sequence. Then, we examine k-NUC property and property (β) for this space and also show that it is not rotund where p = (pr)...In this paper, we define a new generalized difference sequence space involving lacunary sequence. Then, we examine k-NUC property and property (β) for this space and also show that it is not rotund where p = (pr) is a bounded sequence of positive real numbers with pr ≥ 1 for all r ∈ N.展开更多
We express the set of exposed points in terms of rotund points and non-smooth points.As long as we have Banach spaces each time"bigger",we consider sets of non-smooth points each time"smaller".
By the properties of the Musielak_Orlicz funciton's sequence, the necessary and sufficient condition for uniform Gateaux differential (UGD) property of Musielak_Orlicz sequence spaces equipped with the Luxemburg n...By the properties of the Musielak_Orlicz funciton's sequence, the necessary and sufficient condition for uniform Gateaux differential (UGD) property of Musielak_Orlicz sequence spaces equipped with the Luxemburg norm and a criterion for weakly uniform rotundity of Musielak_Orlicz sequence space with Orlicz norm are given.展开更多
Three characteristics of the very rotund space ape proved and the relationships between the very rotund space and the geometrical properties of Banach space are discussed. Also connection between the weakly exposed po...Three characteristics of the very rotund space ape proved and the relationships between the very rotund space and the geometrical properties of Banach space are discussed. Also connection between the weakly exposed points and Radon Nikodym-property is established.展开更多
英语里表示“胖”的词有:chubby,corpulent,fat,flabby,obese,overweight,plump,podgy,portly,rotund,stout,tubby 等,但它们修饰人时的含义和用法不尽相同,主要区别如下:一、fat,flabby,podgy 含有贬义色彩1.fat 是表示“胖”的最常用...英语里表示“胖”的词有:chubby,corpulent,fat,flabby,obese,overweight,plump,podgy,portly,rotund,stout,tubby 等,但它们修饰人时的含义和用法不尽相同,主要区别如下:一、fat,flabby,podgy 含有贬义色彩1.fat 是表示“胖”的最常用最直接的词,它表示含有多余的脂肪。若想委婉,应避免使用。In one part,children starve and in the other,a lot of people get展开更多
Objective To study the chemical constituents from Millettia speciosa. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and recrystallization. The structures we...Objective To study the chemical constituents from Millettia speciosa. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and recrystallization. The structures were identified using physicochemical and spectral data. Results Thirteen compounds were isolated from M. speciosa and identified as docosanoic acid (1), tetracosane (2), octadecane (3), hexacosanoic acid (4), β-sitosteroi acetate (5), β-sitosterol (6), syringin (7), maackiain (8), formononetin (9), ψ-baptigenin (10), rotundic acid (11), pedunculoside (12), and daucosterol (13). Conclusion Compounds 5, 7, and 10-12 are obtained from this plant for the first time.展开更多
First we prove that the approximative compactness of a nonempty set C in a normed linear space can be reformulated equivalently in another way.It is known that if C is a semi-Chebyshev closed and approximately compact...First we prove that the approximative compactness of a nonempty set C in a normed linear space can be reformulated equivalently in another way.It is known that if C is a semi-Chebyshev closed and approximately compact set in a Banach space X,then the metric projectorπC from X onto C is continuous.Under the assumption that X is midpoint locally uniformly rotund,we prove that the approximative compactness of C is also necessary for the continuity of the projectorπC by the method of geometry of Banach spaces.Using this general result we find some necessary and sufficient conditions for T to have a continuous Moore-Penrose metric generalized inverse T^+,where T is a bounded linear operator from an approximative compact and a rotund Banach space X into a midpoint locally uniformly rotund Banach space Y.展开更多
The insect limb develops from the imaginal disc or larval leg during metamor- phosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development from the larval to the adult leg are poorly understood. Herein, we cloned the ...The insect limb develops from the imaginal disc or larval leg during metamor- phosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development from the larval to the adult leg are poorly understood. Herein, we cloned the full length of a zinc finger gene rotund from Bombyx mori (Bmrn), which contained a 1419 bp open reading frame, and encoded a 473 amino acid protein. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses demonstrated that Bmrn was expressed at higher levels in the epidermis than in other tissues tested, and it showed a very high expression level during metamorphosis. Knock-down of Bmrn produced defects in the tarsus and pretarsus, including the fusion and reduction of tarsomeres, and the developmental arrest of pretarsus. Our data showed that Bmrn is involved in the formation of the tarsus and pretarsus, whereas its homologous gene in Drosophila has been shown to affect three tarsal segments (t2-t4), suggesting that the remodeling of the leg has involved changes in the patterning of gene regulation during evolution.展开更多
For a duality mapping F(x), this paper gives equivalent conditions for F(x)being single-valued and uniformly continuous, or uniformly lower semi-continuous, or forexistence a uniformly continuous support functions.
The concepts of complex locally uniform rotundity and complex locally uniformly rotund point are introduced. The sufficient and necessary conditions of them are given in complex Musielak-Orlicz spaces.
Intuitively, non-smooth points might look like exposed points. However, in this paper we show that real Banach spaces having dimension greater than or equal to three can be equivalently renormed to obtain non-smooth p...Intuitively, non-smooth points might look like exposed points. However, in this paper we show that real Banach spaces having dimension greater than or equal to three can be equivalently renormed to obtain non-smooth points which are also non-exposed.展开更多
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.:2019-I2M-5e020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81503154)the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Development(Grant No.:2017ZX09101002-001-005).
文摘Rotundic acid(RA),an ursane-type pentacyclic triterpene acid isolated from the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb.(Aquifoliaceae),possesses diverse bioactivities.To further study its pharmacokinetics,a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(LC-QqQ-MS/MS)method was developed and validated to quantify RA concentration in rat plasma and tissue using etofesalamide as an internal standard(IS).Plasma and tissue samples were subjected to one-step protein precipitation.Chromatographic separation was achieved on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C_(18) column(4.6mm×50mm,5μm)under gradient conditions with eluents of methanol:acetonitrile(1:1,V/V)and 5mM ammonium formate:methanol(9:1,V/V)at 0.5mL/min.Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were performed at m/z 487.30→437.30 for RA and m/z 256.10→227.10 for IS in the negative mode.The developed LC-QqQ-MS/MS method exhibited good linearity(2-500 ng/mL)and was fully validated in accordance with U.S.Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical guidelines.Dose proportionality and bioavailability in rats were determined by comparing pharmacokinetic data after single oral(10,20,and 40mg/kg)and intravenous(10mg/kg)administration of RA.Tissue distribution was studied following oral administration at 20mg/kg.The results showed that the absolute bioavailability of RA after administration at different doses ranged from 16.1%to 19.4%.RA showed good dose proportionality over a dose range of 10-40 mg/kg.RA was rapidly absorbed in a dose-dependent manner and highly distributed in the liver.In conclusion,this study is the first to systematically elucidate the absorption and distribution characteristics of RA in rats,which can provide additional information for further development and evaluation of RA in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies.
文摘In this paper, by using the generating function Φ and X the criteria of the rotundity for the Orlicz-Bochner function and sequence spaces endowed with the Luxemburg norm were obtained. And the sufficient and necessary conditions were given for the extreme point of Orlicz-Bochner sequence space and the conditions in part for Orlicz-Bochner function space.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671252)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11771278)
文摘In this article, we prove the following results: (1) A Banach space X is weak midpoint locally k-uniformly rotund if and only if every closed ball of X is an approximatively weakly compact k-Chebyshev set; (2) A Banach space X is midpoint locally k-uniformly rotund if and only if every closed ball of X is an approximatively compact k-Chebyshev set.
文摘In this paper, we define a new generalized difference sequence space involving lacunary sequence. Then, we examine k-NUC property and property (β) for this space and also show that it is not rotund where p = (pr) is a bounded sequence of positive real numbers with pr ≥ 1 for all r ∈ N.
文摘We express the set of exposed points in terms of rotund points and non-smooth points.As long as we have Banach spaces each time"bigger",we consider sets of non-smooth points each time"smaller".
文摘By the properties of the Musielak_Orlicz funciton's sequence, the necessary and sufficient condition for uniform Gateaux differential (UGD) property of Musielak_Orlicz sequence spaces equipped with the Luxemburg norm and a criterion for weakly uniform rotundity of Musielak_Orlicz sequence space with Orlicz norm are given.
文摘Three characteristics of the very rotund space ape proved and the relationships between the very rotund space and the geometrical properties of Banach space are discussed. Also connection between the weakly exposed points and Radon Nikodym-property is established.
文摘英语里表示“胖”的词有:chubby,corpulent,fat,flabby,obese,overweight,plump,podgy,portly,rotund,stout,tubby 等,但它们修饰人时的含义和用法不尽相同,主要区别如下:一、fat,flabby,podgy 含有贬义色彩1.fat 是表示“胖”的最常用最直接的词,它表示含有多余的脂肪。若想委婉,应避免使用。In one part,children starve and in the other,a lot of people get
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.9151040701000037)
文摘Objective To study the chemical constituents from Millettia speciosa. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and recrystallization. The structures were identified using physicochemical and spectral data. Results Thirteen compounds were isolated from M. speciosa and identified as docosanoic acid (1), tetracosane (2), octadecane (3), hexacosanoic acid (4), β-sitosteroi acetate (5), β-sitosterol (6), syringin (7), maackiain (8), formononetin (9), ψ-baptigenin (10), rotundic acid (11), pedunculoside (12), and daucosterol (13). Conclusion Compounds 5, 7, and 10-12 are obtained from this plant for the first time.
基金the State Committee for Scientific Research,Poland (Grant No.1P03A1127)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10471032,10671049)
文摘First we prove that the approximative compactness of a nonempty set C in a normed linear space can be reformulated equivalently in another way.It is known that if C is a semi-Chebyshev closed and approximately compact set in a Banach space X,then the metric projectorπC from X onto C is continuous.Under the assumption that X is midpoint locally uniformly rotund,we prove that the approximative compactness of C is also necessary for the continuity of the projectorπC by the method of geometry of Banach spaces.Using this general result we find some necessary and sufficient conditions for T to have a continuous Moore-Penrose metric generalized inverse T^+,where T is a bounded linear operator from an approximative compact and a rotund Banach space X into a midpoint locally uniformly rotund Banach space Y.
基金We are grateful to the following individuals for their helpful comments and reviews during the preparation of this manuscript: Zhao-Ming Dong, Peng-Chao Guo. This work was supported by grants from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science of China (No. 31530071 ) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31272502 and No. 30800804).
文摘The insect limb develops from the imaginal disc or larval leg during metamor- phosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development from the larval to the adult leg are poorly understood. Herein, we cloned the full length of a zinc finger gene rotund from Bombyx mori (Bmrn), which contained a 1419 bp open reading frame, and encoded a 473 amino acid protein. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses demonstrated that Bmrn was expressed at higher levels in the epidermis than in other tissues tested, and it showed a very high expression level during metamorphosis. Knock-down of Bmrn produced defects in the tarsus and pretarsus, including the fusion and reduction of tarsomeres, and the developmental arrest of pretarsus. Our data showed that Bmrn is involved in the formation of the tarsus and pretarsus, whereas its homologous gene in Drosophila has been shown to affect three tarsal segments (t2-t4), suggesting that the remodeling of the leg has involved changes in the patterning of gene regulation during evolution.
文摘For a duality mapping F(x), this paper gives equivalent conditions for F(x)being single-valued and uniformly continuous, or uniformly lower semi-continuous, or forexistence a uniformly continuous support functions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.19871020)
文摘The concepts of complex locally uniform rotundity and complex locally uniformly rotund point are introduced. The sufficient and necessary conditions of them are given in complex Musielak-Orlicz spaces.
文摘Intuitively, non-smooth points might look like exposed points. However, in this paper we show that real Banach spaces having dimension greater than or equal to three can be equivalently renormed to obtain non-smooth points which are also non-exposed.