Comparison and Quality Assessment of Cassia Bark (Cortex Cinnamomi) by Thin Layer Chromatography

Aim To differentiate the genuine cassia bark from its substitutes and adulterants. Methods Six components, phenylpropyl acetate, cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, and cinnamic acid were used as characteristic markers, and an optimized TLC method was developed. Results The TLC profile of cassia bark is similar to its closely related variety Cinnamomum cassia Presl var. macrophyllum Chu but significantly different from other six Cinnamomum species. High content of phenylpropyl acet...

Cortex cinnamomi extract prevents streptozotocin- and cytokine-induced β-cell damage by inhibiting NF-κB

AIM： To clarify the mechanism underlying the antidiabetic activities of cortex cinnamomi extract （CCE）. METHODS： To induce in vivo diabetes, mice were injected with streptozotocin （STZ） via a tail vein （100 mg STZ/kg body weight）. To determine the effects of CCE, mice were administered CCE twice daily for 7 d by oral gavage starting 1 wk before the STZ injection. Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration were measured as an index of diabetes. Also, to induce cytotoxicity of RINm5F cells, we treated with cytokines （IL-1β （2.0 ng/mL） and IFN-γ （100 U/mL））. Cell viability and nitric oxide production were measured colorimetrically. Inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） mRNA and protein expression were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The activation of NF-κβ was assayed by using gel mobility shift assays of nuclear extracts. RESULTS： Treatment of mice with STZ resulted in hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, which was further evidenced by immunohistochemical staining of islets. However, the diabetogenic effects of STZ were completely prevented when mice were pretreated with CCE. The inhibitory effect of CCE on STZ-induced hyperglycemia was mediated through the suppression of iNOS expression. In rat insulinoma RINm5F cells,CCE completely protected against interleukin-1β and interferon-y-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, RINm5F cells incubated with CCE showed significant reductions in interleukin-1β and interferon-y-induced nitric oxide production and in iNOS mRNA and protein expression, and these findings correlated well with in vivo observations. CONCLUSION： The molecular mechanism by which CCE inhibits iNOS gene expression appears to involve the inhibition of NF-κβ activation, These results reveal the possible therapeutic value of CCE for the prevention of diabetes mellitus progression,

Wonderful Use of Cinnamomi Cortex to Conduct the Fire Back to the Origin

Cinnamomi Cortex(Rougui)has a lot of functions,including dissipating cold,relieving pain,benefiting joints,tonifying fire and assisting yang,warming blood vessels,dispersing abscesses and nodules and vaporizing fluid and humor.Among all functions,the wonderful use of Cinnamomi Cortex is in conducting the fire back to the origin.It can conduct the fire of triple energizers,which is not possessed by other drugs and is unique to Cinnamomi Cortex.Through observations and practices of some special medical records,it is found that the fire conducting of Cinnamomi Cortex can play a key and decisive role.

基于一测多评法多成分定量结合多元统计分析技术评价不同产地肉桂品质

目的建立同步检测肉桂中14个成分含量的方法,并采用多元统计分析技术对不同产地肉桂品质进行综合评价。方法采用HPLC,以原儿茶酸为内参,建立13个待测成分香豆酸、香豆素、肉桂醇、桂皮酸、邻甲氧基肉桂酸、桂皮醛、邻甲氧基肉桂醛、香草酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素和原花青素C1的相对校正因子,计算各成分含量,采用外标法对一测多评法(QAMS)进行验证,结合主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)及熵权TOPSIS对肉桂质量进行综合评价。结果外标法方法学验证结果均符合要求;以原儿茶酸为内参建立的相对校正因子在不同试验条件下耐用性良好,各成分含量外标法计算结果与QAMS无明显差异(P>0.05);多元统计分析显示,前2个主成分累计方差贡献率为90.312%,桂皮醛、邻甲氧基肉桂醛、原花青素B2和对羟基苯甲酸对肉桂品质影响较大;熵权TOPSIS结果显示,16批肉桂的Pi值为0.1472~0.7681,不同产地肉桂的品质差异较大,其中广西产地肉桂整体质量最好,其次为广东和云南产地样品,福建产地样品相对较差。结论本研究建立的QAMS多成分定量结合多元统计分析技术可用于肉桂品质的综合评价。

基于“阴阳交感”及临床药理探讨“黄连-肉桂”对失眠的治疗

药物配伍是中医的魂之所在,用药如用兵,善用方者,必善药之配伍,执简驭繁。失眠皆因阳盛阴衰,阴阳失交所致,而临床上心肾不交型失眠尤为多见。黄连,味苦性寒,有泻火之功,当属阴药;肉桂,味辛甘、性大热,有补火助阳、引火归元之功,当属阳药。“黄连-肉桂”配伍,交通心肾阴阳二气,可治阴阳失调、心肾不交所致失眠之症。“黄连-肉桂”联用效果更显著,一种可能是由于两药联用后会使有效成分的溶出率更高,还有一种可能是会增多或抑制相关蛋白的表达。通过探讨“黄连-肉桂”所体现的阴阳交感的中医思想,不仅可以为治疗阴阳失调提供新的思路,也可以通过现代药理研究预测出治疗失眠的新机制,并通过实验进行药效验证,为中西医结合治疗失眠打开新思路。

不同产地肉桂质量及炮制过程成分变化研究

建立了肉桂指纹图谱和5种有效成分的含量测定方法,对不同产地28批肉桂药材差异及炮制前后的成分变化进行了研究。采用超高效液相色谱法建立了肉桂指纹图谱并对共有峰进行了指认,采用OriginPro 2023软件对28批样品指纹图谱进行了聚类分析和主成分分析,聚类分析的样本和共有峰分类情况与主成分分析情况相近,其中阳春市、肇庆市高要区、防城港市和贵港市样本分类较为集中,采用SIMCA14.1软件进行了正交偏最小二乘判别分析,可实现对广东、广西两省/自治区肉桂的有效区分。通过香豆素、肉桂醇、肉桂酸、桂皮醛、2-甲氧基桂皮醛及挥发油的含量测定对炮制前后的肉桂样本进行对比分析,结果表明,药材与饮片5个成分和挥发油含量均值较为相近,肉桂炮制过程的成分差异较小;且各批次间桂皮醛、肉桂酸和肉桂醇的整体变化趋势相近,2-甲氧基桂皮醛和香豆素的变化趋势相近,与化学计量学分析结果一致。本研究可为肉桂产地选择、质量研究提供参考。

The quality control and hypoglycemic effect of Cinnamomi Cortex aqueous extract

Cinnamomi Cortex was a material as medicinal and edible resources and it has been demonstrated that Cinnamomi Cortex aqueous extract(CCAE)possess hypoglycemic effect,but there were no active compounds identified as quality standard of CCAE to be used in the investigate of hypoglycemic activity.Hence,in this study,the quality standard and the hypoglycemic effect of CCAE were investigated.Cinnamaldehyde and coumarin as the quality control in CCAE were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method.The results showed that the average yield of extraction was 10.06%.The concentration of coumarin was linear with peak area ranging from 0.02–1.00μg/mL(r=0.9996,n=6)and that of cinnamaldehyde also demonstrated a good linear relationship with peak area in the range of 1.05–52.50μg/mL(r=0.9997,n=6).The average recovery rate of coumarin and cinnamaldehyde was 99.42%and 100.11%,respectively.The investigation of hypoglycemic effect revealed that CCAE could improve weight loss,lower liver and pancreas indices,improve organ damage caused by diabetes,and lower fasting blood glucose,glycosylated serum protein(GSP)and total cholesterol(TC)levels.The results showed that CCAE can reduce fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels in diabetic mice.

一测多评法同时测定肉桂药材中4种成分的含量

目的建立一测多评法同时测定肉桂药材中肉桂酸、香豆素、桂皮醛和邻甲氧基肉桂醛4种成分的含量,探究其在肉桂药材质量评价中的可行性。方法采用高效液相色谱法,以肉桂酸为内参,建立香豆素、桂皮醛和邻甲氧基肉桂醛与肉桂酸之间的相对校正因子,同时采用外标法和一测多评法测定其他3种成分的含量并进行比较,验证一测多评法在肉桂药材评价的准确性和可行性。结果该方法在不同实验条件下耐用性良好(RSD<3.0%);香豆素、桂皮醛和邻甲氧基肉桂醛3种化学成分相对于肉桂酸的相对校正因子分别为2.52、2.16、2.32;一测多评法和外标法分析结果差异无统计学意义。结论所建立的一测多评法准确度高、适用性强,可用于肉桂药材及其相关复方产品的质量评价。

桂枝、肉桂挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

以水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取桂枝、肉桂中的挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用对其化学成分进行分析。肉桂挥发油中10种成分在桂枝油中未检出,而桂枝挥发油中16种成分在肉桂油中未检出。

Quantification of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Chinese Cinnamomi Cortex and Ramulus by HPLC

In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde） in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus. The levels of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus were compared using this method. A total of 48 samples （27 Cinnamomi Cortex and 21 Cinnamomi Ramulus） were purchased in China and analyzed. Quantities of seven phenylpropanoid compounds ranged from 17.5 to 61.6 mg/g in Cinnamomi Cortex and ranged from 9.91 to 23.4 mg/g in Ciunamomi Ramulus. The level of 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in the Cinnamomi Cortex samples was below the LOD, whereas it ranged from 0 to 0.119 mg/g in the Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. The （cinnamyl alcohol＋cinnamic acid）/cinnamaldehyde ratios （R346） of Ciunamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0467 and 0.0598 to 0.182, respectively. This ratio could be used to discriminate Cinnamomi Cortex （〈0.05） and Cinnamomi Ramulus （〉0.05）. The extraction rates （Dn） of seven compounds in boiling water were different, with the lowest dissolution for cinnamaldehyde （〈3%） and the highest for cinnamic acid （about 60%）.

肉桂体外抑菌作用研究

目的 :探讨肉桂的体外抑菌作用。方法 :用 K-B纸片扩散法 10 0 %肉桂水浸出液滤纸片对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌及白色念珠抑菌作用进行了研究。结果 :肉桂对以上细菌均有明显的抑菌作用。结论 :肉桂在体外有明显的抑菌作用及抗真菌作用。

肉桂与赤石脂配伍的药理研究

肉桂煎液１ｇ／ｋｇ，赤石脂煎液３ｇ／ｋｇ，肉桂赤石脂合煎液４ｇ／ｋｇｐｏ给药一次，均能明显对抗生大黄引起的小鼠泻下作用。且均能抑制ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集（体外实验）。二者配伍后的作用与各单味药无明显差异。另外，肉桂还有抑制小鼠小肠蠕动及镇痛作用，赤石脂无效。合用后，赤石脂对肉桂上述作用无明显影响。急毒试验，３种给药途径（ｐｏ，ｉｐ，ｉｖ）肉桂２０ｇ／ｋｇ均显示较强毒性。赤石脂６０ｇ／ｋｇ无明显毒性反应。二者配伍后，毒性显著降低。

RP-HPLC测定不同产地肉桂中桂皮醛和肉桂酸的含量

目的:建立不同产地肉桂中有效成分桂皮醛和肉桂酸的含量测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,测定了16个产地肉桂中桂皮醛和肉桂酸的含量。色谱柱:迪马公司DiamonsilTM(钻石)C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);检测波长:285nm;温度:20℃;流动相:乙腈-0.3(磷酸水溶液(35∶65);流速:1mL.min-1。结果:建立了同时测定肉桂中桂皮醛和肉桂酸的高效液相色谱法,产自越南的肉桂中桂皮醛和肉桂酸的含量明显高于其他产地。结论:本法简便、快速、准确,适用于肉桂中桂皮醛和肉桂酸的含量测定。

桂枝、干姜、肉桂、辛夷混合挥发油提取及包合工艺研究

目的优选桂枝、干姜、肉桂、辛夷混合油提取及β-环糊精(β-CD)包合的最佳工艺。方法以挥发油得率为指标,单因素试验考察混合油的提取工艺;采用饱和水溶液法,以挥发油包合率为评价指标,正交设计考察混合油与β-CD投料比、包合温度、包合时间对包合工艺的影响;通过X射线衍射法、红外光谱法对包合物进行表征。结果挥发油提取最优工艺为饮片不浸泡,加8倍量水,提取10 h;最佳包合工艺为混合油与β-CD的比例为1∶8,包合温度为40℃,包合3 h;X射线衍射法、红外光谱法均表明混合油包合物已形成。结论优选的提取、包合工艺稳定可行,可为制剂提供一定依据。

傅里叶变换拉曼光谱法鉴别肉桂及其混淆品阴香

目的:无损快速鉴别肉桂及其混淆品阴香。方法:采用傅里叶变换拉曼光谱法(FT-Raman)。结果:肉桂与其混淆品阴香在拉曼谱图中均有各自的特征峰,可容易地将它们区别开。结论:该方法具有快速、准确、操作简单、不需对样品进行提取分离,可直接进行测定的特点。

HS-SPME-GC-MS联用分析不同产地肉桂挥发性成分

目的:分析比较不同产地肉桂挥发性成分的组成。方法:采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME-GC-MS)联用技术,对不同产地的肉桂中挥发性化学成分进行定性分析,以峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量,并通过主成分分析和聚类分析对数据进行处理。结果:4个产地肉桂的总离子流图整体上相似,12个批次的样本在聚类和主成分空间中聚集成为不同的类别,基本实现不同产地肉桂的鉴别,此外,在一定程度上,样本分布疏密度反映样本的亲缘关系。结论:本实验方法稳定可靠,适用于肉桂挥发性成分的快速分析,可鉴别不同产地肉桂,并且能反映不同产地肉桂挥发性成分含量的差异,为肉桂的质量评价提供一定的科学依据。

肉桂抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性成分研究

为寻找肉桂中具有抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的化学成分,采用高效液相色谱结合体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性筛选模型的方法,进行活性成分的跟踪分离,并对活性化合物进行酶抑制动力学研究。结果显示,肉桂石油醚提取物(IC50=350.37μg/mL)的活性明显高于阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC50=1028.99μg/mL),从中分离出2个活性成分,分别鉴定为桂皮醛(IC50=277.89μg/mL)和肉桂酸(IC50=286.22μg/mL)。酶抑制动力学结果表明它们对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型均为非竞争性抑制,Ki值分别为178.07μg/mL和229.43μg/mL。

交泰丸中肉桂对黄连小檗碱在大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的考察肉桂挥发油和水提液对黄连小檗碱在大鼠体内药动学的影响。方法将20只大鼠随机分为4组,分别灌服黄连提取物、黄连提取物加肉桂总提物、黄连提取物加肉桂挥发油、黄连提取物加肉桂水提液,采用HPLC测定大鼠血浆中小檗碱的质量浓度。结果黄连配伍肉桂总提物后小檗碱的Cmax和AUC均明显增大,达峰时间提前;肉桂水提液对黄连小檗碱的药动学参数影响不显著,而肉桂挥发油使小檗碱的Cmax和AUC显著增大,但增加的幅度小于肉桂总提物。结论交泰丸中黄连、肉桂配伍,肉桂能提高黄连小檗碱的的生物利用度,其中肉桂挥发油是小檗碱药动学参数变化的影响因素之一。

HPLC测定佳蓉片中丹皮酚和桂皮醛的研究

目的:建立佳蓉片中的丹皮酚和桂皮醛的HPLC测定方法。方法:Krom asil C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)不锈钢色谱柱,流动相:甲醇-水(65∶35),检测波长:288 nm,流速:1.0 mL/m in。结果:桂皮醛进样量在0.003 683至0.018 412μg,丹皮酚进样量在0.097 92至0.489 6μg范围内线性关系良好。结论:所建立的方法准确可靠,适用于该制剂的质量控制。

肉桂挥发油对小鼠的半数致死量测定

目的研究肉桂挥发油对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。方法将肉桂油系列浓度提取物分别给予小鼠一次性灌胃,观察给药后7d内小鼠的毒性反应和死亡情况。以小鼠急性病死率为指标,求肉桂挥发油对小鼠的LD50及其95%的可信限。结果肉桂挥发油的LD50为5.0381g/kg(相当于236.5323g原生药/kg)。结论肉桂挥发油毒性较低,临床用药安全可靠。