A new approach for Roux-en-Y reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND： Postoperative pancreatic fistula remains the most common complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy （PD） and is potentially lethal. It contributes significantly to prolonged hospitalization and mortality. In this study, we introduced a new technical approach, a modified Roux-en-Y reconstruction and evaluated its safety and feasibility. METHODS： We retrospectively reviewed the patients who had undergone PD with the modified Roux-en-Y reconstructive technique for periampullary malignancies from January 2011 to June 2012. The data on complications, hospital stay and outcomes after the modified Roux-en-Y reconstruction were analyzed. RESULTS： The reconstruction was performed in 171 patients, of whom 92 received pancreaticogastrostomy and 79 received pancreaticojejunostomy. The median duration of surgery was 4.0 hours （range 3.1-6.9） in all patients, and the median blood loss was 530 mL （range 200-2000）. Sixty-nine patients were subjected to transfusions, with a median transfusion volume of 430 mL （range 200-1400）. The median hospital stay of the patients was 14 days （range 11-38）. Their operative mortality was zero and overall morbidity was 18.1% （31 patients）. Only four patients （2.3%） developed pancreatic fistulas （grade A fistulas in two patients and grade B in two patients）; no patients developed grade C fistula. None of the patients developed bile reflux gastritis. CONCLUSIONS： The modified Roux-en-Y reconstruction, which isolates biliary anastomosis from pancreatic, gastric or jejunalanastomosis, is a safe, reliable, and favorable technique. But it needs further investigation in randomized controlled trials.

Comparison between uncut Roux-en-Y and Roux-en-Y reconstruction after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

AIM To compare uncut Roux-en-Y(U-RY) gastrojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y(RY) gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy(DG) for gastric cancer.METHODS A literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database to identify studies comparing U-RY with RY after DG for gastric cancer until the end of December 2017. Pooled odds ratio or weighted mean difference with 95% confidence interval was calculated using either fixed-or random-effects models. Perioperative outcomes such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay; postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding, stricture and ulcer, reflux gastritis/esophagitis, delayed gastric emptying, and Roux stasis syndrome; and postoperative nutritional status(serum hemoglobin, total protein, and albumin levels) were the main outcomes assessed. Metaanalyses were performed using RevM an 5.3 software.RESULTS Two randomized controlled trials and four nonrandomized observational clinical studies involving 403 and 488 patients, respectively, were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that operative time [weighted mean difference(WMD):-12.95; 95%CI:-22.29 to-3.61; P = 0.007] and incidence of reflux gastritis/esophagitis(OR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.20-0.80; P = 0.009), delayed gastric emptying(OR: 0.29; 95%CI: 0.14-0.61; P = 0.001), and Roux stasis syndrome(OR: 0.14; 95%CI: 0.04-0.50; P = 0.002) were reduced; and the level of serum albumin(WMD: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.24-1.19; P = 0.003) was increased in patients undergoing U-RY reconstruction compared with those undergoing RY reconstruction. No differences were found with respect to intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic stricture, anastomotic ulcer, the levels of serum hemoglobin, and serum total protein. CONCLUSION U-RY reconstruction has some clinical advantages over RY reconstruction after DG.

The reconstruction after pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: pancreatogastrostomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction versus conventional Traverso type reconstruction

Objective: To compare the result of pancreatogastrostomy (PG) with Roux-en-Y reconstruction versus pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) with conventional Traverso-type reconstruction following pylorus-preserving pancreatectomy (PP- PD) in a retrospective study. PPPD has been accepted as a radical surgical treatment for malignant periampullary neoplasms. However, the reconstruction of this surgery is technically complicated. The leakage of pancreatic juice and the delayed gastric emptying are the major complications of PPPD and may be fatal. To solve these problems, we have performed PG with Roux-en-Y anastomosis. There are several techniques proposed the reconstruction after PPPD, however there have been no previous study describing the result of PG with Roux- en-Y anastomosis. Since 2002 we have perfor- med 32 cases of PPPD. They were divided into two groups according to the reconstruction procedures: PG with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (group PG-RY) (17 cases) and pancreatojejunostomy with Traverso-type reconstruction (group PJ-T) (15 cases). Results: Patient age, gender, and underlying disease were comparable among the groups. Two groups showed no differences in intraoperative bleeding amount, and the time of surgery. The occurrence of the pancreatic leakage was significantly reduced in the group PG-RY compared with the group PJ-T. There was no case of the delayed gastric emptying in the group PGRY. Conclusions: Pancreatogastrosotmy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis can reduce the occurrence of the pancreatic leakage and delayed gastric emptying following pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy.

Assessing optimal Roux-en-Y reconstruction technique after total gastrectomy using the Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale-45

BACKGROUND Following a total gastrectomy,patients suffer the most severe form of postgastrectomy syndrome.This is a significant clinical problem as it reduces quality of life(QOL).Roux-en-Y reconstruction,which is regarded as the gold standard for post-total gastrectomy reconstruction,can be performed using various techniques.Although the technique used could affect postoperative QOL,there are no previous reports regarding the same.AIM To investigate the effect of different techniques on postoperative QOL.The data was collected from the registry of the postgastrectomy syndrome assessment study(PGSAS).METHODS In the present study,we analyzed 393 total gastrectomy patients from those enrolled in PGSAS.Patients were divided into groups depending on whether antecolic or retrocolic jejunal elevation was performed,whether the Roux limb was“40 cm”,“shorter”(≤39 cm),or“longer”(≥41 cm),and whether the device used for esophageal and jejunal anastomosis was a circular or linear stapler.Subsequently,we comparatively investigated postoperative QOL of the patients.RESULTS Reconstruction route:Esophageal reflux subscale(SS)occurred significantly less frequently in patients who underwent antecolic reconstruction.Roux limb length:“Shorter”Roux limb did not facilitate esophageal reflux SS and somewhat attenuated indigestion SS and abdominal pain SS.Anastomosis technique:In terms of esophagojejunostomy techniques,no differences were observed.CONCLUSION The techniques used for total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction significantly affected postoperative symptoms.Our results suggest that elevating the Roux limb,which is not overly long,through an antecolic route may improve patients’QOL.

Comparative analysis of two digestive tract reconstruction methods in total laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy

BACKGROUND The incidence of gastric cancer has significantly increased in recent years.Surgical resection is the main treatment,but the method of digestive tract reconstruction after gastric cancer surgery remains controversial.In the current study,we sought to explore a reasonable method of digestive tract reconstruction and improve the quality of life and nutritional status of patients after surgery.To this end,we statistically analyzed the clinical results of patients with gastric cancer who underwent jejunal interposition double-tract reconstruction(DTR)and esophageal jejunum Roux-en-Y reconstruction(RY).AIM To explore the application effect of DTR in total laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy(TLTG)and evaluate its safety and efficacy.METHODS We collected the relevant data of 77 patients who underwent TLTG at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from October 2021 to January 2023.Among them,35 cases were treated with DTR,and the remaining 42 cases were treated with traditional RY.After 1:1 propensity score matching,the cases were grouped into 31 cases per group,with evenly distributed data.The clinical characteristics and short-and long-term clinical outcomes of the two groups were statistically analyzed.RESULTS The two groups showed no significant differences in basic data,intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissections,first defecation time after operation,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative complications,and laboratory examination results on the 1st,3rd,and 5th days after operation.The operation time of the DTR group was longer than that of the RY group[(307.58±65.14)min vs(272.45±62.09)min,P=0.016],but the first intake of liquid food in the DTR group was shorter than that in the RY group[(4.45±1.18)d vs(6.0±5.18)d,P=0.028].The incidence of reflux heartburn(Visick grade)and postoperative gallbladder disease in the DTR group was lower than that in the RY group(P=0.033 and P=0.038).Although there was no significant difference in body weight,hemoglobin,prealbumin,and albumin between the two groups at 1,3 and 6 months after surgery,the diet of patients in the DTR group was better than that in the RY group(P=0.031).CONCLUSION The clinical effect of DTR in TLTG is better than that of RY,indicating that it is a more valuable digestive tract reconstruction method in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery.

Post-disaster spatial reconstruction from the perspective of a rural settlement niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River

Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction provide an effective way to reduce the disaster vulnerability of, and promote leapfrog development in, an affected area. To date, studies that have used administrative boundaries to investigate the reconstruction of settlement space have not been able to clearly define the real boundaries of land use changes or quantify the degree of response to the ‘Build-Back-Better’ initiative, and have lacked any consideration of the fourth reconstruction stage–development period(10 years). This study constructed a mountain settlement niche and analyzed the characteristics, spatial reconstruction, and drivers of rural settlements during 2009–2019 in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. The results showed the following:(1) Natural factors were the basis for the formation and development of mountain settlement niches. The scale of the settlement niche and its land use structure depended on the physical geography features and the ethnic farming and grazing traditions. The settlement niche provided a realistic boundary for the spatial reconstruction.(2) The layout of residential land around cropland was the common feature of the mountain settlement niche. Of all the land use types, the roads and rural residential lands showed the most change over the 10 years;13,860 residential patches increased in size and 4,742 patches were abandoned.(3) The area of orchards, planted to reconstruct the economy in the mountains, increased by nearly 2.5 times.(4) Collapses, landslides, and debris flow disasters and the ecological red line influenced the spatial reconstruction. While the main focus of post-disaster recovery is spatial reconstruction, initiatives should include economic and spiritual recovery, and should also achieve sustainable development of the region.

Quantitative geochemical reconstruction of Eocene paleoenvironment in Fushun Basin,northeast China

The quantitative estimation of key parameters of paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation is crucial for paleoclimate reconstruction.Geochemical data from mod-ern sediments are highly consistent with climate data,and their relationship can provide an important reference for the quantitative reconstruction of the paleoclimate.In this study,detailed inorganic geochemical analysis was carried out using high-precision sampling of the Paleogene(LFD-1 well)Guchengzi,Jijuntun and Xiloutian Formations in the Fushun Basin located in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.The Eocene Guchengzi Formation(54.51–47.8 Ma)and Jijuntun Formation(47.8–41.2 Ma)in the Fushun Basin were found to have been deposited under a humid climate.The lower(41.2–40.1 Ma)and upper(40.1–37.8 Ma)parts of the Xiloutian Formation were character-ized by semiarid and semihumid–semiarid climates,respec-tively,which is very similar to the paleoclimatic information reflected by organic carbon isotopes.The Eocene Thermal Maximum 2(ETM2,~53.7 Ma),Early Eocene Climatic Optimum(EECO,~53.1–46.5 Ma),Eocene Thermal Maxi-mum 3(ETM 3,~52.8 Ma),and Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum(MECO,~40.7–40.1 Ma)events significantly enhanced chemical weathering during these periods.The rapid increase in pCO_(2)concentration leads to an increase in temperature,precipitation,and surface runoff,exhibiting strong chemical weathering.The mean annual temperature(MATa)and mean annual precipitation(MAPa,MAPb,and MAPc)were estimated using parameters,such as the corrosion index without potassium(CIA-K),CaO/Al_(2)O_(3),and(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)/Al_(2)O_(3).Comparing MAPa,MAPb,and MAPc with the MAP estimated using pollen data,MAPa and MAPb were found to be more sensitive to the climate during high precipitation periods(precipitation>1000 mm,Guchengzi Formation),and the recovered average precipi-tation was similar to MAP.In contrast,MAPc was more sensitive to the climate during low precipitation periods(precipitation<1000 mm,Jijuntun,and Xiloutian Forma-tions),with higher accuracy.To fully consider the influence of soluble inorganic salts Ca^(2+)and Na^(+),multivariate linear equations of CIA-K and CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)with CIA,and CIA-K and CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)with MAP were constructed,namely MAPd and MAPe.The results show that MAPe has the highest per-formance and can be effectively used to estimate the change of paleoprecipitation in Northeast Asia.

Development of D_α band symmetrical visible optical diagnostic for boundary reconstruction on EAST tokamak

To investigate the potential of utilizing visible spectral imaging for controlling the plasma boundary shape during stable operation of plasma in future tokamak, a D_α band symmetric visible light diagnostic system was designed and implemented on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST). This system leverages two symmetric optics for joint plasma imaging. The optical system exhibits a spatial resolution less than 2 mm at the poloidal cross-section, distortion within the field of view below 10%, and relative illumination of 91%.The high-quality images obtained enable clear observation of both the plasma boundary position and the characteristics of components within the vacuum vessel. Following system calibration and coordinate transformation, the image coordinate boundary features are mapped to the tokamak coordinate system. Utilizing this system, the plasma boundary was reconstructed, and the resulting representation showed alignment with the EFIT(Equilibrium Fitting) results. This underscores the system's superior performance in boundary reconstruction applications and provides a diagnostic foundation for boundary shape control based on visible spectral imaging.

Application of multi-planar reconstruction technique in endovascular repair of aortic dissection

BACKGROUND Endovascular repair of aortic dissection is an effective method commonly used in the treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissection.Stent placement during the operation was one-time and could not be repeatedly adjusted during the operation.Therefore,it is of great significance for cardiovascular physicians to fully understand the branch status,position,angle,and other information regarding aortic arch dissection before surgery.AIM To provide more references for clinical cardiovascular physicians to develop treatment plans.METHODS Data from 153 patients who underwent endovascular repair of aortic dissection at our hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected.All patients underwent multi-slice spiral computed tomography angiography.Based on distinct post-image processing techniques,the patients were categorized into three groups:Multiplanar reconstruction(MPR)(n=55),volume reconstruction(VR)(n=46),and maximum intensity projection(MIP)(n=52).The detection rate of aortic rupture,accuracy of the DeBakey classification,rotation,and tilt angles of the C-arm during the procedure,dispersion after stent release,and the incidence of late complications were recorded and compared.RESULTS The detection rates of interlayer rupture in the MPR and VR groups were significantly higher than that in the MIP group(P<0.05).The detection rates of De-Bakey subtypesⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢin the MPR group were higher than those in the MIP group,and the detection rate of typeⅢin the MPR group was significantly higher than that in the VR group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of typesⅠandⅡcompared to the VR group(P>0.05).The scatter rate of markers and the incidence of complications in the MPR group were significantly lower than those in the VR and MIP groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The application of MPR in the endovascular repair of aortic dissection has improved the detection rate of dissection rupture,the accuracy of anatomical classification,and safety.

High formability Mg-Zn-Gd wire facilitates ACL reconstruction via its swift degradation to accelerate intra-tunnel endochondral ossification

After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,Magnesium-Zinc-Gadolinium(ZG21)wires are developed to bunch the tendon graft for matching the bone tunnel during transplantation.Microstructure,tensile strength,degradation,and cytotoxicity of ZG21 wire are evaluated.The rabbit model is used for assessing the biological effects of ZG21 wire by Micro-CT,histology,and mechanical test.The SEM/EDS,immunochemistry,and in vitro assessments are performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.Material tests demonstrate the high formability of ZG21 wire as surgical suture.Micro-CT shows ZG21 wire degradation accelerates tunnel bone formation,and histologically with earlier and more fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface.The mechanical test shows higher ultimate load in the ZG21 group.The SEM/EDS presents ZG21 wire degradation triggered calcium phosphate(Ca-P)deposition.IHC results demonstrate upregulation of Wnt3a,BMP2,and VEGF at the early phase and TGFβ3 and Type II collagen at the late phase of healing.In vitro tests also confirmed the Ca-P in the metal extract could elevate the expression of Wnt3a,βcatenin,ocn and opn to stimulate osteogenesis.Ex vivo tests of clinical samples indicated suturing with ZG21 wire did not weaken the ultimate loading of human tendon tissue.In conclusion,the ZG21 wire is feasible for tendon graft bunching.Its degradation products accelerated intra-tunnel endochondral ossification at the early healing stage and therefore enhanced bone-tendon interface healing in ACL reconstruction.

FPGA-based position reconstruction method for neutron beam flux spatial distribution measurement in BNCT

A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas detector.To address the issue of long processing times in traditional offline position reconstruction methods,this paper proposes a field programmable gate array based online position reconstruction method utilizing the micro-time projection chamber principle.This method encapsulates key technical aspects:a self-adaptive serial link technique built upon the dynamical adjustment of the delay chain length,fast sorting,a coordinate-matching technique based on the mapping between signal timestamps and random access memory(RAM)addresses,and a precise start point-merging technique utilizing a circular combined RAM.The performance test of the selfadaptive serial link shows that the bit error rate of the link is better than 10-12 at a confidence level of 99%,ensuring reliable data transmission.The experiment utilizing the readout electronics and Micromegas detector shows a spatial resolution of approximately 1.4 mm,surpassing the current method’s resolution level of 5 mm.The beam experiment confirms that the readout electronics system can obtain the flux spatial distribution of neutron beams online,thus validating the feasibility of the position reconstruction method.The online position reconstruction method avoids traditional methods,such as bubble sorting and traversal searching,simplifies the design of the logic firmware,and reduces the time complexity from O(n2)to O(n).This study contributes to the advancement in measuring neutron beam flux for BNCT.

Stabilizing iridium sites via interface and reconstruction regulations for water oxidation in alkaline and acidic media

Exploring effective iridium(Ir)-based electrocatalysts with stable iridium centers is highly desirable for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we regulated the incorporation manner of Ir in Co_(3)O_(4)support to stabilize the Ir sites for effective OER.When anchored on the surface of Co_(3)O_(4)in the form of Ir(OH)_6 species,the created Ir-OH-Co interface leads to a limited stability and poor acidic OER due to Ir leaching.When doped into Co_(3)O_(4)lattice,the analyses of X-ray absorption spectroscopy,in-situ Raman,and OER measurements show that the partially replacement of Co in Co_(3)O_(4)by Ir atoms inclines to cause strong electronic effect and activate lattice oxygen in the presence of Ir-O-Co interface,and simultaneously master the reconstruction effect to mitigate Ir dissolution,realizing the improved OER activity and stability in alkaline and acidic environments.As a result,Ir_(lat)@Co_(3)O_(4)with Ir loading of 3.67 wt%requires 294±4 mV/285±3 mV and 326±2 mV to deliver 10 mA cm^(-2)in alkaline(0.1 M KOH/1.0 M KOH)and acidic(0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4))solution,respectively,with good stability.

Steering surface reconstruction of hybrid metal oxides for efficient oxygen evolution reaction in water splitting and zinc-air batteries

Surface reconstruction yields real active species in electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)conditions;however,rationally regulating reconstruction in a targeted manner for constructing highly active OER electrocatalysts remains a formidable challenge.Here,an electrochemical activation strategy with selective etching was utilized to guide the reconstruction process of a hybrid cobalt-molybdenum oxide(CoMoO_(4)/Co_(3)O_(4)@CC)in a favorable direction to improve the OER performance.Both in-situ Raman and multiple ex-situ characterization tools demonstrate that controlled surface reconstruction can be easily achieved through Mo etching,with the formation of a dynamically stable amorphous-crystalline heterostructure.Theoretical calculations together with experimental results reveal that the synergistic effects between amorphous CoOOH and crystalline Co_(3)O_(4) are crucial in enhancing the catalytic performance.Consequently,the reconstructed CoMoO_(4)/Co_(3)O_(4)@CC exhibits a low overpotential of 250 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in 1 M KOH,and more importantly it can be practiced in electrolytic water splitting and rechargeable zinc-air batteries devices,achieving ultra-long stability for over 500 and 1200 h,respectively.This work provides a promising route for the construction of high-performance electrocatalysts.

Trends in Event Understanding and Caption Generation/Reconstruction in Dense Video:A Review

Video description generates natural language sentences that describe the subject,verb,and objects of the targeted Video.The video description has been used to help visually impaired people to understand the content.It is also playing an essential role in devolving human-robot interaction.The dense video description is more difficult when compared with simple Video captioning because of the object’s interactions and event overlapping.Deep learning is changing the shape of computer vision(CV)technologies and natural language processing(NLP).There are hundreds of deep learning models,datasets,and evaluations that can improve the gaps in current research.This article filled this gap by evaluating some state-of-the-art approaches,especially focusing on deep learning and machine learning for video caption in a dense environment.In this article,some classic techniques concerning the existing machine learning were reviewed.And provides deep learning models,a detail of benchmark datasets with their respective domains.This paper reviews various evaluation metrics,including Bilingual EvaluationUnderstudy(BLEU),Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering(METEOR),WordMover’s Distance(WMD),and Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation(ROUGE)with their pros and cons.Finally,this article listed some future directions and proposed work for context enhancement using key scene extraction with object detection in a particular frame.Especially,how to improve the context of video description by analyzing key frames detection through morphological image analysis.Additionally,the paper discusses a novel approach involving sentence reconstruction and context improvement through key frame object detection,which incorporates the fusion of large languagemodels for refining results.The ultimate results arise fromenhancing the generated text of the proposedmodel by improving the predicted text and isolating objects using various keyframes.These keyframes identify dense events occurring in the video sequence.

Triple-path feature transform network for ring-array photoacoustic tomography image reconstruction

Photoacoustic imaging(PAI)is a noninvasive emerging imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect,which provides necessary assistance for medical diagnosis.It has the characteristics of large imaging depth and high contrast.However,limited by the equipment cost and reconstruction time requirements,the existing PAI systems distributed with annular array transducers are difficult to take into account both the image quality and the imaging speed.In this paper,a triple-path feature transform network(TFT-Net)for ring-array photoacoustic tomography is proposed to enhance the imaging quality from limited-view and sparse measurement data.Specifically,the network combines the raw photoacoustic pressure signals and conventional linear reconstruction images as input data,and takes the photoacoustic physical model as a prior information to guide the reconstruction process.In addition,to enhance the ability of extracting signal features,the residual block and squeeze and excitation block are introduced into the TFT-Net.For further efficient reconstruction,the final output of photoacoustic signals uses‘filter-then-upsample’operation with a pixel-shuffle multiplexer and a max out module.Experiment results on simulated and in-vivo data demonstrate that the constructed TFT-Net can restore the target boundary clearly,reduce background noise,and realize fast and high-quality photoacoustic image reconstruction of limited view with sparse sampling.

Kinetic equilibrium reconstruction with internal safety factor profile constraints on EAST tokamak

Reconstruction of plasma equilibrium plays an important role in the analysis and simulation of plasma experiments. The kinetic equilibrium reconstruction with pressure and edge current constraints has been employed on EAST tokamak. However, the internal safety factor(q) profile is not accurate. This paper proposes a new way of incorporating q profile constraints into kinetic equilibrium reconstruction. The q profile is yielded from the Polarimeter Interferometer(POINT)reconstruction. Virtual probes containing information on q profile constraints are added to inputs of the kinetic equilibrium reconstruction program to obtain the final equilibrium. The new equilibrium produces a more accurate internal q profile. This improved method would help analyze EAST experiments.

Self-derivation and reconstruction of silver nanoparticle reinforced cobalt-nickel bimetallic hydroxides through interface engineering for overall water splitting

Designing efficient and long-lasting non-metal electrocatalysts is an urgent task for addressing the issue of kinetic hysteresis in electrochemical oxidation reactions.The bimetallic hydroxides,catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),have significant research potential because hydroxide reconstruction to generate an active phase is a remarkable advantage.Herein,the complete reconstruction of ultrathin CoNi(OH)_(2) nanosheets was achieved by embedding Ag nanoparticles into the hydroxide to induce a spontaneous redox reaction(SRR),forming heterojunction Ag@CoNi(OH)_(2) for bifunctional hydrolysis.Theoretical calculations and in situ Raman and ex situ characterizations revealed that the inductive effect of the Ag cation redistributed the charge to promote phase transformation to highly activate Ag-modified hydroxides.The Co-Ni dual sites in Co/NiOOH serve as novel active sites for optimizing the intermediates,thereby weakening the barrier formed by OOH^*.Ag@CoNi(OH)_(2) required a potential of 1.55 V to drive water splitting at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),with nearly 98.6% Faraday efficiency.Through ion induction and triggering of electron regulation in the OER via the synergistic action of the heterogeneous interface and surface reconstruction,this strategic design can overcome the limited capacity of bimetallic hydroxides and bridge the gap between the basic theory and industrialization of water decomposition.

Variational Reconstruction and Simulation Experiments of Sea Surface Wind Field for Ocean Data Buoy

The sea surface wind field is an important physical parameter in oceanography and meteorology.With the continuous refinement of numerical weather prediction,air-sea interface materials,energy exchange,and other studies,three-dimensional(3D)wind field distribution at local locations on the sea surface must be measured accurately.The current in-situ observation of sea surface wind parameters is mainly achieved through the installation of wind sensors on ocean data buoys.However,the results obtained from this single-point measurement method cannot reflect wind field distribution in a vertical direction above the sea surface.Thus,the present paper proposes a theoretical framework for the optimal inversion of the 3D wind field structure variation in the area where the buoy is located.The variation analysis method is first used to reconstruct the wind field distribution at different heights of the buoy,after which theoretical analysis verification and numerical simulation experiments are conducted.The results indicate that the use of variational methods to reconstruct 3D wind fields is significantly effective in eliminating disturbance errors in observations,which also verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis of this method.The findings of this article can provide a reference for the layout optimization design of wind measuring instruments in buoy observation systems and also provide theoretical guidance for the design of new observation buoys in the future.

Correlation of Hamstring Tendon Size in Pre-Operative MRI Measurement with Intra-Operative Graft Size in Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction

Background: The size of Hamstring autograft of less than 8.0 mm in ACL re-construction is one of the key factors that may contribute to the failure of the graft. In this study, we are going to assess the correlation of pre-operative MRI measurement of Hamstring tendons with the intra-operative ACL graft. Thus, it may help surgeons to anticipate the needs for graft augmentation should the final graft size be smaller than expected. Methods: We retrospectively re-viewed 41 cases of ACL reconstructions in which MRI were done pre-operatively, in Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah (HPSF), Muar between January 2019 until December 2022. MRI measurements of Hamstring tendon (semitendinosus: ST, and gracilis) were done by a radiologist, and the in-tra-operative notes were reviewed for the final graft size. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between graft size and tendon cross-sectional area. The intraclass correlation (ICC) by using two-way mixed model with type consistency, the reliability based on average measure was 0.41 (95% CI: ?0.10, 0.69). A p-value < 0.05 was considered sig-nificant. Results: Of 105 patients with primary ACL reconstruction done be-tween January 2019 to December 2022, only 41 patients were included in this study. There was fair correlation (p = 0.048) between pre-operative MRI measurement and the graft diameter intra-operatively. The mean of 17.0 mm of combined diameter of ST and gracilis tendon in MRI may results in graft diameter of 8.3 mm. There was also positive correlation between patients’ height and the intra-operative graft size. Conclusion: These results showed good correlation between pre-operative MRI measurement of Hamstring ten-don size with the intra-operative graft size, hence it is a reliable tool to predict the Hamstring autograft size in ACL reconstruction.

Magnetic diagnostics layout design for CFETR plasma equilibrium reconstruction

Plasma equilibrium reconstruction provides essential information for tokamak operation and physical analysis.An extensive and reliable set of magnetic diagnostics is required to obtain accurate plasma equilibrium.This study designs and optimizes the magnetic diagnostics layout for the reconstruction of the equilibrium of the plasma according to the scientific objectives,engineering design parameters,and limitations of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).Based on the CFETR discharge simulation,magnetic measurement data are employed to reconstruct consistent plasma equilibrium parameters,and magnetic diagnostics'number and position are optimized by truncated Singular value decomposition,verifying the redundancy reliability of the magnetic diagnostics layout design.This provides a design solution for the layout of the magnetic diagnostics system required to control the plasma equilibrium of CFETR,and the developed design and optimization method can provide effective support to design magnetic diagnostics systems for future magnetic confinement fusion devices.