Effects of Different Row Ratios of Male and Female Parents and Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Hybrid Wheat Seed Production and Its Component Factors

In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

杂交粳稻申优28全程机械化高产高效制种技术研究

申优28是以BT型不育系申21A与恢复系申恢26-28配组育成的三系杂交粳稻新组合。申优28制种时,通过调节双亲的生长发育,确保了父母本花期高度相遇。研究了父母本均机插条件下不同父母本行比及母本株距对申优28制种产量的影响,以及在父本机插(行距25cm)-母本机直播(行距20 cm)条件下,母本不同株距对申优28制种产量的影响。结果表明,在父母本均机插条件下,父母本行比2︰8~10、行株距25 cm×14 cm时制种产量高;父本机插-母本机直播条件下,以株距16 cm时制种产量高。通过以上优化栽培方式,确保了杂交粳稻制种高产高效。

黎榆A繁殖母本有效穗和结实率与产量的关系

繁殖田母本有效穗和结实率是影响产量的主要因素。通过对 10个不同父母本栽插行比的分析结果表明 :黎榆 A繁殖产量以父母本栽插行比为 2∶ 18最高 ,达 2 92 .0 9kg/6 6 7m2 。增加有效穗对于增产的效应要比增加结实率大 ;有效穗与产量、结实率与产量的偏相关系数均呈正相关 ,且有效穗与产量的相关达显著水平。多元回归方程为 :y∧ =15 5 .6 2 83+4 .86 6 0 x1 +0 .2 34 2 x2 。

影响杂交大豆制种的几个因素分析

为了探索不同因素对大豆杂交制种产量影响,设计了播期、行距、父母本行数比例三因素裂区试验和播期、母本与油葵距离二因素试验,结果表明,播期对制种产量影响显著,行距、父母本行数比例,三因素之间两两互作、三者互作均对制种产量影响不显著。播期5月10日、行距50 cm、父本:母本=1:2处理时制种产量最高。母本与油葵距离对大豆制种产量影响极显著。母本距油葵90 cm处理下产量最高。结论表明,在一定范围内,较早播期、较短母本与油葵距离,可以显著或极显著地提高杂交大豆制种产量。

父母本行比及氮肥施用量对杂交小麦制种产量及其构成因素的影响

[目的]筛选适宜的小麦杂交种高产制种技术。[方法]采用裂区试验设计，研究父母本不同的行比和不同的氮肥施用量对杂交小麦制种产量及其构成因素的影响。[结果]制种产量随着母本行数的增加而增加，父母本行比为2∶6时制种产量为3683，8 kg／hm2；氮肥施用量为450 kg／hm2时制种产量为3649，4 kg／hm2；父母本行比与氮肥施用量的互作效应表明，父母本行比为2∶6、氮肥施用量为300 kg／hm2时产量为最高，达4160，6 kg／hm2。父母本行比和氮肥施用量对产量构成因素等性状的影响主要表现在对穗粒数、穗重和结实率有显著的影响，当父母本行比为2∶5时穗粒数、穗重和结实率最高，分别为26，7粒、1，12 g和62，6％；当氮肥施用量为450 kg／hm2时穗粒数、穗重和结实率最高，分别为26，0粒、1，08 g和59，2％；父母本行比与氮肥施用量的互作效应表明其对穗粒数、穗重和结实率均有显著的影响，当父母本行比为2∶5、氮肥施用量为300 kg／hm2时穗粒数、穗重和结实率最高，分别为29，6粒、1，24 g和71，6％。[结论]穗粒数是影响制种产量最大的构成因素，提高穗粒数就能提高制种产量。综合父母本行比和氮肥施用量对制种产量及其构成因素等性状的影响来看，该试验条件下，以父母本行比为2∶5-2∶6、氮肥施用量为300-450 kg／hm2的处理为最佳。

机插秧行比对科S/华占制种产量及相关性状的影响

为了探索杂交水稻制种父母本机械移栽合适行比,以组合科S/华占为材料,设置父母本行比4∶20、4∶30机械移栽2个处理,以行比2∶10人工移栽为对照。结果表明:父母本行比4∶20机械移栽群体每公顷颖花数达172 793 880粒,父母本颖花比为1∶2.54,母本平均结实率为33.42%,实际产量为2 323.20 kg/hm2。结果显示行比4∶20符合杂交水稻制种绳索授粉方式下父母本机械移栽高产制种群体的要求。

中华绒螯蟹育苗传统亲本选择投放关键参数的科学性

为探讨中华绒螯蟹育苗传统亲本选择投放关键参数(亲本“公3母2”,选择投放雌雄性比2~3:1)的科学性,通过设置不同性比的交配实验,对中华绒螯蟹交配前后的生殖状况进行了比较研究。结果显示:在该体系下(本文代表雌雄性比为3:1组),交配后与性比1:1组一样,纳精囊内始终存乳白色精液精荚等雄性产物,抱卵个体并没有出现诸如性比5:1组中纳精囊中因缺乏精液精荚而流产现象。随着性比的提高,各组无论雄性输送还是雌性纳精囊中储存雄性产物的量均出现了较大幅度的震荡,但整体呈下降趋势。前期观察发现:这些差异可能主要与中华绒螯蟹随机交配及雌蟹未产卵之前可以多次与同一或不同雄蟹交配的生殖策略有关。因此,该参数充分兼顾了中华绒螯蟹生殖的生物学特性,保障了雌蟹交配个体均能成功抱卵,具有相当的精准性,同时这也解释了多年以来中华绒螯蟹育苗单位始终采用该参数而没有出现精子限制现象的原因。