Understanding taxi driver's cruising behavior with ZIP model

The taxi drivers' cruising pattern was learned using GPS trajectory data collected in Shenzhen,China.By employing zero-inflated Poisson model,the impacts of land use and previous pick-up experience on cruising decision were measured.The cruising strategies of different types of drivers as well as the top one driver were examined.The results indicate that both land use and previous pick-up experience affect travel behavior with the former's influence(7.07×10-4 measured by one of the coefficients in zero-inflated Poisson model) being greater than the latter's(4.58×10-5) in general,but the comparison also varies across the types of drivers.Besides,taxi drivers' day-to-day learning feature is also proved by the results.According to comparison of the cruising behavior of the most efficient and inefficient driver,an efficient cruising strategy was proposed,that is,obeying the distribution of land use in choice of cruising area,while learning from pick-up experience in selection of detailed cruising location.By learning taxi drivers' cruising pattern,the development of measures of regulating travel behaviors is facilitated,important factor for traffic organization and planning is identified,and an efficient cruising strategy for taxi drivers is provided.

基于Cruise的重型商用车性能匹配分析

针对重型商用车动力系统开发周期长、成本高的问题,该文首先参考法规基于MATLAB编写程序生成需要的换挡策略,再通过AVL Cruise对整车性能匹配进行建模和仿真分析,得到油耗、动力性都满足要求的最优动力方案,并与该方案对应的实测值进行对比分析。结果表明,仿真结果与实测结果基本吻合,模型仿真可以代替实测对整车性能提前评估,缩短产品开发周期和成本。

Theoretical On-Board Hydrogen Redox Electric Power Generator for Infinite Cruising Range Fuel Cell Vehicles

The development of hydrogen redox electric power generators for infinite cruising range electric vehicles represents a true technological breakthrough. Such systems consist of a polymer electrolyte membrane hydrogen electrolytic cell equipped with an electrostatic-induction potential-superposed water electrolytic cell that provides a stoichiometric H2-O2 fuel mixture during operation of the vehicle. This generator functions with zero power input, zero matter input and zero emission due to the so-called ＂zero power input＂ electrostatic-to-chemical energy conversion occurring in the electrolytic cell. Here, theoretical simulations were performed to verify the target performance of such generators, assuming a pair of FC （fuel cell） and electrolytic cell stacks, both of which are commercially available.

Learning taxis' cruising patterns with Ripley's K function

Taxi drivers' cruising patterns are learnt with GPS trajectory data collected in Shenzhen, China. By employing Ripley's K function, the impacts of land use and pick-up experience on taxis' cruising behavior are investigated concerning about both intensity of influence and radius of influence. The results indicate that, in general, taxi drivers tend to learn more from land use characteristics than from pick-up experience. The optimal radius of influence of land use points and previous pick-up points is 14.18 km and 9.93 km, respectively. The findings also show that the high-earning drivers or thorough drivers pay more attention to land use characteristics and tend to cruise in high-density area, while the low-earning drivers or focus drivers prefer to learn more from previous pick-up experience and select the area which is far away from the high-density area. These findings facilitate the development of measures of managing taxi's travel behavior by providing useful insights into taxis' cruising patterns. The results also provide useful advice for taxi drivers to make efficient cruising decision, which will contribute to the improvement of cruising efficiency and the reduction of negative effects.

An Empirical Study on the Correlation Between Cruising Motivation and Cruising Intention

The cruising market is booming in China, and both motivation and intention are the most important aspects in the field of study on the cruising passengers＇ behaviors. The research purpose of this paper is to identify the motivation factors of the cruising passengers in China and their impact on the cruising intention. Based on the push-pull model, this paper indentified the motivation factors, including intrinsic ones and extrinsic ones, and put forward the research model. The intrinsic motivation factors include relaxation, socialization, family bonding, and social recognition, whereas the extrinsic motivation factors include entertainment and ashore tour. Having collected data through survey and analyzed them by the statistic methodology, this paper found that the motivation factors of relaxation, family bonding, entertainment, and ashore tour have a positive impact on the cruising intention, and the impact of relaxation is significant. By contrast, the motivation factors of socialization and social recognition are not positively associated with the cruising intention.

Theories on the Propulsion System for Lithium-ion Battery Electric Vehicles with Infinite Cruising Range

On-board electric power generation in the absence of external energy may be sufficient to realize tough electric vehicles.The method to charge the Li-ion battery modules in the present investigation differs from the conventional single voltage source scheme in that the power requirement is only 12%of the power required for typical direct voltage applications.This method utilizes the ESI-PSC(electrostatic-induction potential-superposed electrolytic charge).The on-board electric power generation system is an identical twin of battery modules that function in ESI-PSC mode,in which the performance can be explained through consecutive cycles of field-induced charge and discharge between two batteries.When the charge of one battery is terminated,it becomes responsible for both the power to recharge the other battery and the power to drive the motor.This power generation system works with zero energy input,zero matter input and zero emission,without violating the laws of thermodynamics.The commercially available Li-ion battery modules and power control systems enable the realization of this type of EVs(electric vehicles).A simulation based on the official standard cruising mode(JCO08)showed that an electric vehicle with an on-board twin of 13.2 kWh energy capacity modules can travel 132 km before switching from charge to discharge.

Theoretical Propulsion System for Fuel Cell Vehicles with Infinite Cruising Range

The realization of a clean automobile society would require electrically-powered propulsion systems in vehicles.In recent years,electric vehicles have attracted considerable attention from the perspective of utilizing electricity generated from natural sources,such as solar and wind power.The propulsion method considered in the present investigation differs from the conventional off-board energy scheme in a manner such that pure stoichiometric H2/O2 fuels for fuel cells are generated on-board during vehicle operation.In this method,energy conversion occurs by means of ESI-PSE(electrostatic-induction potential-superposed electrolysis).If a quasi-static process is assumed,the theoretical power requirement to produce pure stoichiometric H2/O2 fuels is only 17%of the total energy required owing to a new method for supplying power to the EC(electrolytic cell).If an ESI-PSE EC is combined with a fuel cell(FC)to form an energy cycle,a HREG(hydrogen redox electric power generator)that uses solid PEMs(polymer electrolyte membranes)for the EC as well as the FC can be realized.According to calculations based on data from the operational conditions of commercially available ECs and FCs,more than 70%of the power delivered from the FC can be extracted for driving a motor constantly while a car is in motion.Because of energy self-sustainability on the HREG side,the power control system should not have any power loss.This propulsion system will realize tough vehicles that can continue running at a top speed at long unlimited cruising range.

Real-Time Co-optimization of Gear Shifting and Engine Torque for Predictive Cruise Control of Heavy-Duty Trucks

Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty trucks.Predictive cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road information.In this study,a real-time implementable PCC,which simultaneously optimizes engine torque and gear shifting,is proposed for heavy-duty trucks.To minimize fuel consumption,the problem of the PCC is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control(MPC),in which the upcoming road elevation information is used.Finding the solution of the nonlinear MPC is time consuming;thus,a real-time implementable solver is developed based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and indirect shooting method.Dynamic programming(DP)algorithm,as a global optimization algorithm,is used as a performance benchmark for the proposed solver.Simulation,hardware-in-the-loop and real-truck experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed controller.The results demonstrate that the MPC-based solution performs nearly as well as the DP-based solution,with less than 1%deviation for testing roads.Moreover,the proposed co-optimization controller is implementable in a real-truck,and the proposed MPC-based PCC algorithm achieves a fuel-saving rate of 7.9%without compromising the truck’s travel time.

The Chinese Consumers’Service Quality Satisfaction Differences of Cruise Tourism and Precision Marketing Strategy

The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method, and other quantitative and qualitative methods were taken to analyze Chinese consumers’ satisfaction differences of cruise tourism service quality with different segmentation markets and clusters markets, and the reasons of satisfaction differences were also explored. Then precision marketing strategy of Chinese cruise tourism with different segmentation markets and clusters markets from the supply-side reform perspective was discussed. The purpose of current research was to provide suggestions of precision management and precision marketing of Chinese cruise tourism for relevant enterprises and government departments.

基于Cruise的纯电动汽车建模及仿真研究

为了缩短纯电动汽车设计开发周期,采用基于Cruise与MATLAB/SIMULINK联合仿真的方法,依据仿真试验结果对所选电机及所设计控制策略运行状态进行分析。首先,运用Cruise软件搭建纯电动汽车仿真模型;其次,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中建立纯电动汽车控制策略;最后,通过两者的联合仿真,在多个工况下分析车速跟随情况、电机转速及扭矩、电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)值变化情况,进而分析控制策略与所选电机运行状况是否匹配,缩短整车电机选型、控制策略设计及开发的周期。

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Platoon Fleet Formation Model Considering Efficiency and Stability

In the existing formation model,vehicles in the same lane or adjacent lane are regarded as the structure,and the driving behavior of vehicles is studied from the perspectives of safety,speed consistency,and stability,and the speed control model is proposed from the perspective of vehicles themselves,to obtain a stable fleet with the same distance and speed.However,in this process,the initial condition of the vehicle,the traffic flow environment,and the efficiency of the fleet formation are less considered.Therefore,based on summarizing the existing fleet building model,this paper puts forward the rapid construction model and algorithm of a cooperative adaptive cruise control platoon fleet.One of the important goals of forming a team is to enter the team with the smoothest trajectory in the shortest time.Therefore,this chapter studies the trajectory optimization of the vehicle formation process from the perspective of vehicle dynamics.

A Lane Change Model Considering the Stability of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Platoon Fleet

In this article,lane change models for mixed traffic flow under cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)platoon formation are established.The analysis begins by examining the impact of lane changes on traffic flow stability.The influences of various factors such as lane change locations,timing,and the current traffic state on stability are discussed.In this analysis,it is assumed that the lane change location and the entry position in the adjacent lane have already been selected,without considering the specific intention behind the lane change.The speeds of the involved vehicles are adjusted based on an existing lane change model,and various conditions are analyzed for traffic flow disturbances,including duration,shock amplitude,and driving delays.Numerical calculations are provided to illustrate these effects.Additionally,traffic flow stability is factored into the lane change decision-making process.By incorporating disturbances to the fleet into the lane change income model,both a lane change intention model and a lane change execution model are constructed.These models are then compared with a model that does not account for stability,leading to the corresponding conclusions.

基于CRUISE的动力传动系统建模与仿真分析

在车辆动力传动系统设计及匹配研究中,系统的建模是一个非常复杂的过程,耗时较长,给研究工作带来诸多不便.利用专业软件进行建模与仿真可大大提高研究效率.在分析CRUISE仿真软件功能特点基础上,进行了手动变速传动系统建模仿真分析.应用该软件建立的车辆动力传动系统模型具有方便、简单、容易调试、直观性强等特点,不仅可以节省大量时间,而且便于用户分析和研究仿真结果以及修正参数,从而快速完成系统的设计.

基于Cruise的低速纯电动车传动系统优化匹配

为有效改善整车动力性能和经济性能,提高低速纯电动车的续驶里程,文章利用Cruise软件建立整车仿真模型,通过其内置的矩阵运算功能对模型中的参数进行优化组合,并与区间优化方法相结合,使优化变量在最大可行区间范围内进行匹配,对模拟仿真实验得到的各个匹配方案的计算结果进行对比分析和定量评价。结果表明:这种方法能够对多种纯电动汽车动力传动系统匹配方案进行快速有效的对比分析,从而选出用户需要的最佳动力传动系统匹配方案。

基于CRUISE软件的混合动力汽车正向仿真平台的开发

为了开发混合动力汽车研发阶段正向的、模块化的仿真平台,以某型混合动力客车为例,基于正向建模的思想在正向式仿真软件CRUISE平台上搭建整车模型,并在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下完成了整车的并联式控制策略的建模。仿真结果证明,所开发的混合动力汽车正向仿真平台的正确性、多功能性及可靠性,对实现研发工具的平台性及提高初期研发效率,降低混合动力汽车的研发成本具有实际意义。

发动机采用BOOST建模和与CRUISE联合仿真的研究

利用AVL公司开发的BOOST软件可宏观地描述发动机的热力学过程且优化发动机的性能,而AVL的CRUISE软件可调用BOOST建立的发动机模型。在进行道路循环工况的仿真时,须对发动机全部工况点进行准确的标定。文中采用BOOST开发了发动机的仿真模型。通过调整节气门开度和燃烧模型参数,标定了发动机在多个转速和负荷点的转矩、功率和油耗,较好地模拟了发动机的动力性和经济性。最后基于ECE循环工况,将此模型与CRUISE进行联合仿真,分析了发动机瞬态工况的动力性、油耗和NOx排放等参数。

基于CRUISE软件的混合动力客车主动同步换档的建模与仿真

在正向仿真软件CRUISE平台上搭建了某型混合动力客车的整车模型,在MAT-LAB/SIMULINK环境下开发了主动同步换档控制策略。在换档的瞬态过程中对主要动力部件进行了仿真与分析,并通过实车实验对主动同步换档控制的合理性加以验证,真正实现了整车在换档过程中的主动同步换档控制,进而提高了多能源控制器的控制功能。

基于Cruise/Simulink的FCHEV燃料电池和动力蓄电池功率匹配研究

针对质子交换膜燃料电池和锂离子动力蓄电池混合动力电动汽车(FCHEV),利用AVL/Cruise和Matlab/Simulink软件搭建了FCHEV整车联合仿真平台。通过对车辆动力系统关键部件参数的分析,确定了若干可行的燃料电池和蓄电池功率匹配方案。基于一种目前比较成熟的控制策略,在NEDC循环工况下对各种匹配方案进行了仿真实验,在满足车辆动力性要求的前提下,对各方案的燃料经济性进行分析,从而得到该控制策略下燃料电池和动力蓄电池的最优功率匹配结果。

基于CRUISE的防爆无轨胶轮车动力系统建模与仿真分析

动力性和经济性是防爆无轨胶轮车在井下运行最基本、最重要的性能。目前通常使用理论公式计算的方法对其动力性指标和经济性指标进行分析。通过使用CRUISE软件搭建了防爆无轨胶轮车的整车模型,并进行爬坡度、加速度、经济性仿真分析,仿真结果表明该车能够在井下正常运行,且满足国家规定的要求。同时,仿真结果也验证了CRUISE软件分析汽车性能的可行性。

基于CRUISE轻型乘用车传动系统的建模与仿真

在汽车动力传动系统设计及匹配研究中,传统方法的建模是一个非常复杂,耗时较长的过程,采用专业软件CRUISE进行建模与仿真可提高研究效率,介绍CRUISE软件功能特点,以1.3L手动挡发动机前置前轮驱动的轻型乘用车为例,阐述利用该软件进行轻型乘用车建模的基本过程,建立整车仿真模型、确定行驶工况和动力性与燃油经济性的仿真任务,进行仿真,得出该车的动力性与燃油经济性,并对仿真结果进行分析,利用CRUISE软件分析汽车整车性能的可行性,并进行实车的实验验证CRUISE软件所建立的系统模型的正确性。