Study on the Nanosized Amorphous Ru-Fe-B/ZrO_2 Alloy Catalyst for Benzene Selective Hydrogenation to Cyclohexene

A novel nanosized amorphous Ru-Fe-B/ZrO2 alloy catalyst for benzene selective hydrogenation to cyclohexene was investigated. The superior properties of this catalyst were attributed to the combination of the nanosize and the amorphous character as well as to its textural character. In addition, the concentration of zinc ions, the content of ZrO2 in the slurry, and the pretreatment of the catalyst were found to be effective in improving the activity and the selectivity of the catalyst.

苯加氢制环己烯的Ru-Fe/ZrO_2的制备及其性能

采用沉淀法制备了Ru-Fe/ZrO2催化剂,考察了Fe/Ru、Ru的不同负载量和沉淀温度等因素对催化剂性能的影响,并对催化剂的循环使用情况进行了研究。对催化剂进行性能测试,在苯的转化率为34.70%时,环己烯选择性可达77.52%。XRD表征显示催化剂为晶体特征,活性组分在载体表面高度分散。

苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Fe/ZrO_2催化剂的表征

采用沉淀法制备了Ru-Fe/ZrO2催化剂,通过X射线光电子能谱、BET比表面积测试法、H2程序升温还原和H2程序升温脱附等方法对其进行了表征。研究结果表明:催化剂表面的Ru物种以元素态形式存在,催化剂中有Fe2O3形式存在。Fe的引入,使催化剂平均孔径增大,比表面积明显减小,Ru-Fe/ZrO2催化剂不但吸附了更多氢气,且更有利于环己烯的脱附,从而有效地提高了选择性。在苯液相加氢制备环己烯的反应中,反应20 min时苯转化率为75.64%,环己烯的选择性为55.87%。

Preparation,characterization and catalytic properties of S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2-CeO_2 solid superacid catalyst

A novel solid superacid catalyst S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD FTIR, BET, TEM and DSC/TG analysis methods. The results indicated that incorporation of appropriate amounts of Ce into the catalyst was beneficial to the formation of sole tetragonal ZrO2 and effectively prevented from the formation of monoclinic ZrO〉 and restrained the loss of sulfated species. XRD revealed the presence of tetragonal Ce0.16Zr0.84O2phase in the case of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 calcined above 500 ℃. Catalytic activities of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 for the esterification of lactic acid with n-butanol was studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows： calcination temperature of the catalyst 600 ℃, n（lactic acid）：n（n-butyl alcohol）=1.0：3.0, w（S2O8^2-/ZrO2- CeO2）=12.0%, reaction temperature 145 ℃, and reaction time 2 h. The esterification efficiency of lactic acid was about 96.6%.

Selective catalytic methanation of CO in hydrogen-rich gases over Ni/ZrO_2 catalyst

Ni/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by the incipient-wetness impregnation method and were investigated in activity and selectivity for the selective catalytic methanation of CO in hydrogen-rich gases with more than 20 vol% CO2. The result showed that Ni loadings significantly influenced the performance of Ni/ZrO2 catalyst. The 1.6 wt% Ni loading catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity among all the catalysts in the selective methanation of CO in hydrogen-rich gas. The outlet concentration of CO was less than 20 ppm with the hydrogen consumption below 7%, at a gas-hourly-space velocity as high as 10000 h-1 and a temperature range of 260 °C to 280 °C. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） and temperature programmed reduction （TPR） measurements showed that NiO was dispersed thoroughly on the surface of ZrO2 support if Ni loading was under 1.6 wt%. When Ni loading was increased to 3 wt% or above, the free bulk NiO species began to assemble, which was not favorable to increase the selectivity of the catalyst.

Highly selective CO methanation over amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO_2 catalyst

Amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO2 catalyst was prepared by the means of chemical reduction, and selective CO methanation as a strategy for CO removal in fuel processing applications was investigated over the amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO2 catalyst. The result showed that, at the temperature of 210-230 ℃, the catalyst was shown to be capable of reducing CO in a hydrogen-rich reformate to less than 10 ppm, while keeping the CO2 conversion below 1.55% and the hydrogen consumption below 6.50%. ？2009 Xin Fa Dong. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Catalytic combustion of methane over nano ZrO_2-supported copper-based catalysts

The nano ZrO2-supported copper-based catalysts for methane combustion were investigated by means of N2 adsorption, TEM, XRD, H2-TPR techniques and the test of methane oxidation. Two kinds of ZrO2 were used as support, one （ZrO2-1） was obtained from the commercial ZrO2 and the other （ZrO2-2） was issued from the thermal decomposition of zirconium nitrate. It was found that the CuO/ZrO2-2 catalyst was more active than CuO/ZrO2-1. N2 adsorption, H2-TPR and XRD measurements showed that larger surface area, better reduction property, presence of tetragonal ZrO2 and higher dispersion of active component for CuO/ZrO2-2 than that of CuO/ZrO2-1. These factors could be the dominating reasons for its higher activity for methane combustion.

Selective CO methanation over amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO_2 catalyst for hydrogen-rich gas purification

Amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction method. The effects of Ni-Ru-B loading and Ru/Ni mole ratio on the catalytic performance for selective CO methanation from reformed fuel were studied, and the catalysts were characterized by BET, ICP, XRD and TPD. The results showed that Ru strongly affected the catalytic activity and selectivity by increasing the thermal stability of amorphous structure, promoting the dispersion of the catalyst particle, and intensifying the CO adsorption. For the catalysts with Ru/Ni mole ratio under 0.15, the CO methanation conversion and selectivity increased significantly with the increasing Ru/Ni mole ratio. Among all the catalysts investigated, the 30 wt% Ni-Ru-B loading amorphous Ni61Ru9B30/ZrO2 catalyst with 0.15 Ru/Ni mole ratio presented the best catalytic performance, over which higher than 99.9% of CO conversion was obtained in the temperature range of 230℃-250℃, and the CO2 conversion was kept under the level of 0.9%.

ZrO_2-modified Ni/LaAl_(11)O_(18) catalyst for CO methanation: Effects of catalyst structure on catalytic performance

We report Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalysts prepared by a facile modified successive adsorption and reaction method for CO methanation.N2adsorption,X‐ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,H2temperature‐programmed reduction,H2temperature‐programmed desorption,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry were used to characterize the samples.The results indicated that the ZrO2nanoparticles were distributed over the surface of the Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalyst and even partially covered some Ni particles,resulting in the coating exerting a confinement effect.The excess ZrO2had an adverse effect on the enhancement of CO conversion because of the coverage of the surface Ni particles;however,the Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalyst displayed much higher CH4selectivity than Ni/LaHA because of the activation of the byproduct CO2molecules by ZrO2species.Therefore,even though20Ni/LaHA@ZrO2‐5exhibited similar CO conversion as20Ni/LaHA,the use of the former resulted in a higher CH4yield than the use of the latter.A107‐h‐lifetime test revealed that the Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalyst was highly stable with superior anti‐sintering and anti‐coking properties because of its coating structure and the promoter effect of ZrO2.

Effect of ZrO_2 Crystalline Phase on the Performance of Ni-B/ZrO_2 Catalyst for the CO Selective Methanation

Amorphous Ni-B/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation-chemical reduction with KBH4 aqueous solution,and various crystalline phase ZrO2(amorphous-ZrO2,tetragonal-ZrO2 and monoclinic-ZrO2) supported Ni-B catalysts were obtained by thermal treatment in 5%H2-N2 stream at different temperature.The effect of ZrO2 polymorphs and the treatment temperature on the catalytic performance for the CO selective methanation were investigated,and the catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption,Powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), Temperature-Programmed Desorption(CO-TPD and H2-TPD),and Differential Scanning Calorimeter(DSC).The treatment temperature affected strongly the crystalline structure of ZrO2,and the CO methanation activity and selectivity of the Ni-B/ZrO2 catalysts were significantly influenced by the crystalline phase of ZrO2.Of the three forms of ZrO2 polymorphs(amorphou-ZrO2,tetragonal-ZrO2 and monoclinic-ZrO2),the amorphous-ZrO2 supported nickle catalyst showed highest CO methanation activity,attributing in large part to the largest specific surface area and the optimum CO/H2 absorption intensity of the Ni-B/amorphous-ZrO2 catalyst.

Synthesis of Methyl Isopropyl Ketone and Diethyl Ketone over Ni-Na/ZrO_2-MnO_2-ZnO Catalyst

ZrO2-MnO2-ZnO supports were prepared by the co-precipitation method,and then Ni-Na/ZrO2-MnO2-ZnO catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.In this paper,the reactions to synthesize methyl isopropyl ketone and diethyl ketone by the one-step synthesis method over this catalyst were studied,and meanwhile,the impact of the catalyst preparation conditions and the reaction conditions on catalyst performance was also investigated.It was observed that under the conditions when Ni loading was 25%,calcination temperature was 400℃ and reduction temperature was 410℃,this catalyst had good catalytic performance on the reaction.The suitable reaction conditions were achieved:reaction temperature was 400℃;reaction at atmospheric pressure;liquid hourly space velocity of raw material of 0.5 h 1 ;and the molar ratio of(methanol)/(methyl ethyl ketone)/(water) was equal to 1/1/1.Under such conditions,the conversion of methyl ethyl ketone could achieve 41.7%,and the overall selectivity of methyl isopropyl ketone and diethyl ketone could achieve 83.3%,which was comparable to the conversion of 38.1% and the selectivity of 82.2% achieved by using palladium as the active material.The good stability made this catalyst have good prospects for industrial application.

Hydrogen production by glycerol reforming in supercritical water over Ni/MgO-ZrO_2 catalyst

Nano ZrO2 and MgO-ZrO2 were prepared by a self-assembly route and were employed as the support for Ni catalysts used in hydrogen production from glycerol reforming in supercritical water （SCW）. The reforming experiments were conducted in a tubular fixed-bed flow reactor over a temperature range of 600-800 ℃. The influences of process variables such as temperature, contact time, and water to glycerol ratio on hydrogen yield were investigated and the catalysts were charactered by ICP, BET, XRD and SEM. The results showed that high hydrogen yield was obtained from glycerol by reforming in supercritical water over the Ni/MgO-ZrO2 catalysts in a short contact time. The MgO in the catalyst showed significant promotion effect for hydrogen production likely due to the formation of the alkaline active site. Even when the glycerol feed concentration was up to 45 wt%, glycerol was completely gasified and transfered to the gas products containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane along with small amounts of carbon monoxide. At a diluted feed concentration of 5 wt%, near theoretical yield of 7 mole of H2/mol of glycerol could be obtained.

Synthesis of Biodiesel Using ZrO_2 Polycrystalline Ceramic Foam Catalyst in a Tubular Reactor

With the help of the ceramic foam research efforts and preparation techniques, the ZrO2 polycrystalline ceramic foam catalyst was synthesized, and its characteristics, including the crystal structure, the phase composition, the acid–base properties, and the microstructure, were analyzed by XRD, SEM, Py-IR, and BET techniques. The performance of the ZrO2 polycrystalline ceramic foam catalyst in a tubular reactor was investigated via biodiesel synthesis using S. wilsoniana oil and methanol. The effects of reaction conditions(i.e., reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and volume ratio of methanol to S. wilsoniana oil) on transesterification efficiency were investigated, and the reaction conditions were optimized using RSM. The optimum reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and volume ratio of methanol to S. wilsoniana oil were determined to be 290 ℃, 10 MPa, and 4:1, respectively. Under this condition, the FAME content in the product oil reached 98.38%. The performance of the ZrO2 polycrystalline ceramic foam catalyst synthesized in this work for biodiesel synthesis from S. wilsoniana oil with a moisture content of 7.1% and an acid value of 130.697 mg KOH/g was examined, and the FAME content in the product oil was found to be 93% and 97.67%, respectively. The FAME content in the product oil exceeded 97% after five consecutive cycles(12 h per cycle of use) of the catalyst. The proposed catalyst represents a new type of solid catalyst with excellent acid resistance, water resistance, esterification efficiency, and catalytic stability.

γ-Al₂O₃Supported SO₄^2&#45/ZrO₂Solid Superacid Catalysts for n-Pentane Isomerization

A solid superacid catalyst Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 for n-pentane isomerization, was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Preparetion conditions, namely, calcination temperature, concentration of sulfuric acid solution used in impregnation and Al2O3 concentration, were varied to investigate the effects on catalytic performance of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3. The results showed that the PtSZA catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for n-pentane isomerization. Under optimized preparation conditions of calcination temperature of 650°C, reaction time for 3 h, concentration of sulfuric acid solution for 0.5 mol/L, 30% of Al2O3 concentration and 0.3% of Pt concentration, the n-pentane conversion and isopentane selectivity of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 could reach up to 62.17% and 91.60%, respectively.

ESR STUDY OF ZrO2 CATALYST

The intensity of the signal(g=1.974)resulted from Zr+ ion on the surface or ZrO2 catalyst, increased with the calcination temperature and time, but that or the signal (g=2.003)resulted from F+s centers (surface oxygen ion vacancies with a single trapped electron) decreased and finally disappeared at 550℃.

S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3固体超强酸催化剂的研制与应用

A S 2O 2- 8/ZrO 2 Al 2O 3 type solid superacid catalyst was prepared from ZrOCl 2·8H 2O, AlCl 3· 6H 2O and (NH 4) 2S 2O 8 by coprecipitation, maceration and calcination processes. Their crystal structures and acidities were determined by XRD and Hammett method, respectively. The activity of the catalyst was studied as function of Al 2O 3 content, calcination temperature and time in the esterification of acetic acid with butanol, and a conversion of 96 5% was obtained. The catalyst gave also higher yields in syntheses of ketals and acetals: cyclohexanone ethylene ketal(86 2%), acetophenone ethylene ketal(78 5%), acetylacetic ester ketal(88 5%), benzaldehyde glycol acetal(76 3%). The chemical structures of the products were confirmed by IR spectra.

超细Cu-ZnO-ZrO_2催化剂上甲醇合成的TPSR和TPD研究

采用MS -TPSR和MS -TPD技术在不同粒度的超细Cu -ZnO -ZrO2 催化剂上考查了CO2 和CO加氢合成甲醇的反应过程和吸附活化特征。研究表明 ,CO2 和CO都可以直接加氢合成甲醇。在CO2 +H2 反应过程中 ,CO2是合成甲醇的主要碳源 ,但是在CO +H2 反应过程中 ,不但CO可以直接加氢合成甲醇 ,CO2 也可以通过水汽变换反应而参与甲醇的合成 ,因此也是CO加氢合成甲醇的碳源之一。催化剂的粒度大小直接影响反应活性 ,催化剂粒度越小 ,甲醇的收率越高 ;粒度大小还与CO的吸附活化状态有关 ,从而影响CO加氢合成甲醇的反应机理 ,当催化剂粒度很小时 ,CO倾向于通过水汽变换反应生成CO2 ,再由CO2 加氢合成甲醇 ,当催化剂颗粒较大时 ,CO易于直接加氢合成甲醇。

固体酸催化剂S_2O_8^(2-)/TiO_2-ZrO_2合成马来酸二辛酯

The preparation of peroxodisulfated zirconia titania(PSZT) solid super acid has been investigated as function of molar ratio of Ti to Zr, impregnation time, calcination time and temperature in esterification of maleic anhydride with n octanol. The highest yield of dioctyl maleate was 98 2% at the optimum reaction conditions.

SO_4^(2-)/ZrO_2固体超强酸催化剂上异丁烷与丁烯烷基化的研究

在固定床连续性微反活性评价装置上 ,考察了异丁烷与丁烯在SO4 2 - /ZrO2 系列固体超强酸催化剂上烷基化反应的活性和选择性 ,借助XRD、DTA、NH3-TPD等分析方法对SO4 2 - /ZrO2 催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明 ,SO4 2 - /ZrO2 催化剂表面酸性位的强度与焙烧温度密切相关。同时 ,SO4 2 - /ZrO2 固体超强酸催化剂上的中强酸位是烷基化反应的主要活性位 ,但酸强度越高 ,其比活性越高 ,而目标产物三甲基戊烷选择性越低。SO4 2 - /ZrO2 催化剂的弱酸位有利于烯烃齐聚反应 ,强酸位有利于裂化反应 ,氢转移、异构化反应一般发生在中强酸位 ,与烷基化反应要求的酸性位很接近 ,烷基化反应酸强度控制在 -8 1～ -12

用于二乙醇胺催化氧化脱氢的Cu-ZrO_2催化剂的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法制备了二乙醇胺催化氧化脱氢生产亚氨基二乙酸二钠盐用的Cu -ZrO2 催化剂。考察了不同制备条件对催化剂催化氧化反应性能和催化剂结构的影响。实验结果表明 ,催化剂中和终止 pH值、Cu与Zr原子的量比以及焙烧温度是影响催化剂性能的主要因素。经TG、XRD和外观分析 ,优质催化剂其中间体铜锆氢氧化物外观呈现亮而脆的绿色、密度大于1 72g/cm3 、热失重温度范围为 15 0～ 5 30℃ 。