红树莓(Rubus idaeus L.)雌雄配子体发育的研究

红树莓雄蕊多数,排成3轮、同一轮花药发育基本同步,各轮间发育不同步,自外向内顺序发育。最早的造孢细胞和小孢子母细胞于5月下旬产生。小孢子母细胞的胞质分裂为同时型,四分体呈四面体型,成熟花粉为2—细胞。雌蕊亦多数离生,整齐排列在膨大的花托上。每一子房内有2枚胚珠,但后期仅1枚正常发育。胚珠倒生、单珠被、厚珠心。胚囊发育属蓼型,但大孢子母细胞、功能大孢子常有异常现象。

Neuroprotective effects of total saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

This study examines the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of total saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. （TSRP） on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury was performed in rats using the suture method. The results indicate that intragastric injection of TSRP, at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, could decrease neurological impairment, reduce cerebral infarct volume, diminish pathological changes, and significantly inhibit the apoptosis of neurons surrounding the ischemic area. In addition, TSRP upregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, at the protein and mRNA levels, and it downregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, at the protein and mRNA levels. These findings indicate that TSRP protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that it may do so by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.

Isolation and Crystal Structure of Ent-kaurane Diterpenes from Rubus corchorifolius L. f.

In this study, ent-Kaurane-3β,16β,17-trioi （1） and ent-kaurane-2a,16β,17-triol （2）, were isolated from the leaves ofRubus corchorifolius L. f. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. NMR experiments identified the two compounds and X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed their crystal structures. The crystal of 1 belongs to monoclinic with space group P21 and a = 10.7641（3）, b = 7.2789（3）, c = 11.7862（4） A, β = 95.275（3）°, V = 919.55（6） A3, Z = 2, C20H34O4, Mr = 322.49 g/mol, Dc = 1.230 g/m3, F（000） = 376, 2 = 1.54178 A,μ = 0.661 mm-1, R = 0.0319, and wR = 0.0811 for 10889 observed reflections （I〉 2σ（I））. The crystal of 2 is classified as orthorhombic with space group P212121 and a = 10.7641（3）, b = 12.72224（19）, c = 21.3929（3） A, V= 1748.94（4） A3, Z= 4, C20H3404, Mr = 322.47, De = 1.225 Mg/m3 F（000） = 712, λ = 1.54184 A,μ = 0.625 mm-1, R = 0.0303 and wR = 0.0759 for 10470 observed reflections （1〉 2σ（I））. Meanwhile, the compound revealed low inhibitory activities toward HepG2, MCF-7, and SCG-7901 cells.

Total saponins in Rubus parvifolius L.induce lymphoma cells apoptosis through upregulated Bax/Fas and downregulated Bcl-2 in vivo and in vitro

Purpose:To investigate the effect of total saponins of Rubus parvifolius L.(TSRP)on lymphoma Raji cells and further discuss its mechanism.Methods:The model of nude mice bearing Raji cells was established,the volume,weight and inhibition rate of the transplanted tumor were analyzed and compared after different concentrations of TSRP treatment.Cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2,Bax,Fas proteins were detected by TUNEL and immunohistochemiscal method respectively.Effects of TSRP on cell proliferation were tested with MTT assay in vitro.Cell apoptosis and expression of Caspase-9,Caspase-3,Bcl-2,Bax and Fas proteins were tested with DAPI staining and Western blot.Results:TSRP significantly reduced the volume and tumor weight of Raji subcutaneous transplanted tumor and induced the apoptosis of Raji cells in vivo.The tumor inhibition rate of high-dose(100 mg/kg)TSRP is 90.84%.The TUNEL test results show that the fluorescence intensity of the tumor issue treated with TSRP is significantly improved.Compared with the control group,the fluorescence intensity of high-concentration TSRP is 82.43 ± 7.81,which is significantly different(P<0.001).The results of immunohistochemistry test showed that the Bcl-2 expression of Raji cell treated with TSRP is obviously reduced,and Bax expression is obviously increased.Meanwhile,compared with that of control group,Fas expression is obviously reduced.MTT assay showed that TSRP can significantly inhibit proliferation of Raji cells with dose dependence.The inhibition rate of 400 μg/mL TSRP is 53.46 ± 4.90%(P<0.001).DAPI staining results showed that TSRP can significantly induce cell apoptosis.According to Western blot results,it is found that TSRP can significantly inhibit activity of Bcl-2 and increase Bax expression,and TSRP can also inhibit Fas expression.Meanwhile,expression of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 is also increased.Conclusion:TSRP could inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma via induction of apoptosis in a time and dose-dependent manner.Apoptotic signaling induced by TSRP was characterized by up-regulating Bax,Fas and Caspase-8 protein expression,and down-regulating of Bcl-2 protein expression.

NaCl与NaHCO3单盐胁迫下秋萍红树莓的光合及生理指标响应

【目的】研究红树莓品种秋萍对盐碱化土壤栽培的适应力,为该品种的建园选址和生产提供参考。【方法】以秋萍红树莓组培苗为材料,盆栽培养一段时间后,用不同浓度的中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(NaHCO3)进行单盐胁迫试验,再测定其光合特性以及生理指标。【结果】低浓度(30~60 mmol/L)盐胁迫处理对秋萍生长有促进作用,主要表现为净光合速率和气孔导度增大、色素含量增加、落叶减少以及SOD和POD活性降低;中等浓度(90~120 mmol/L)盐胁迫下,秋萍植株虽然能生长,但呈现生理干旱、光合受到抑制、气孔导度减小、CAT活性升高和脯氨酸含量增加等现象;高浓度(150~180 mmol/L)胁迫下,秋萍的光合受到强烈抑制,叶片色素含量降低,保护酶活性降低,渗透调节物质含量减少,180 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下植株死亡。【结论】秋萍对NaHCO3的耐性较NaCl强,能够适应较大浓度范围的盐碱环境,且轻度盐碱胁迫可促进秋萍生长。

Phenol Compounds of Blackberry （Rubus caucasicus Focke and Rubus anatolicus L.） Fruit and Leaf

It is investigated of the effect of plant blackberry （Rubus caucasicus Focke and Rubus anatolicus L.） flower, fruit and leaf content of phenol compounds qualitative and quantitative HPLC （high-pressure liquid chromatography） and spectral methods. HPLC analysis revealed that the fetus was a major of both species, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and it reached full maturity period 1,493.54 ± 44.81 and 1,636.58 ±49.10 mg/kg （cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride equivalents） calculated on the dry weight. In mature fetus flavonols is （884.8±26.54）-（979.0 ± 29.37） mg/kg （rutin equivalents） calculated on the dry weight, catechins （21.2± 0.64）-（25.01 ± 0.7537） mg/kg （（＋） catechin equivalents） calculated on the dry weight, leucoantocyanins （48.8 ±1.46）-（52.1± 1.56） mg/kg （cyanidin equivalents） calculated on the dry weight. In this regard, there was a slight difference between the species. Most of the leaf flavonols were presented 3.7 ± 0.111 g/kg. Phenol carbonic acids--the leaves of 13.4 ± 0.402 mg/kg calculated on the dry weight, the flowers of 8.8± 0.264 mg/kg, calculated on the dry weight. Full maturity period, the number of phenol carbonic acids cent is （3,707.8 ± 111.23）-（4,287.5 ± 128.63） mg/kg, （caffeic acid equivalents） is calculated on the dry weight of the unit. Also been determined HPLC following the method of compounds is： cyanidin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, ellagic acid, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid.

采后常温储存红树莓病原菌的分离与鉴定

红树莓采后常温贮藏过程中极易腐烂变质,严重影响红树莓果实的品质。本研究以云南种植的西班牙品种Adilita红树莓果实为试材,用常规组织分离法和回接试验,对采后常温贮藏过程中自然发病果实表面的病原菌进行分离与筛选,采用传统真菌形态学显微观察,结合r DNA-ITS序列分析方法鉴定,明确红树莓腐烂过程中的病原菌种类和病原菌的系统进化关系。结果表明:从自然发病腐烂的样本红树莓果实中分离得到6株病原真菌,分别为1株木霉属(Trichoderma sp.),2株镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.),2株青霉属(Penicillium sp.)和1株曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)。2株镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)和2株青霉属(Penicillium sp.)分别有两个不同种的病原菌。相关研究结果对红树莓采后病害和防治措施提供依据,为后期红树莓的保鲜奠定理论基础。

茅莓总皂苷联合化疗药通过Fas途径协同诱导白血病HL-60细胞凋亡研究

目的 :探讨茅莓总皂苷(TSRP)抑制HL-60细胞及分别与化疗药高三尖杉酯碱(Hom)、阿糖胞苷(Ara-c)的协同作用,并探讨其协同作用的可能机制。方法 :MTT法检测不同浓度的TSRP与化疗药联用对HL-60细胞增殖影响;DAPI染色法观察一定浓度下TSRP联合化疗药诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的形态变化;Annexin V-FITC/PI检测不同浓度的TSRP与化疗药联用对HL-60细胞凋亡情况;RT-PCR检测TSRP联合化疗药干预HL-60白血病细胞后Fas和Caspase-3 mRNA表达。以上实验均用药物相互作用指数(CDI)评价药物协同作用。结果:MTT显示在一定浓度范围内TSRP和化疗药有显著的协同作用;DAPI染色法和Annexin V-FITC/PI法检测到一定浓度范围内TSRP联合化疗药后显示明显的凋亡,CDI均<1,具有协同作用;RT-PCR检测到在一定浓度范围内TSRP联合化疗较单用TSRP的FasmRNA表达明显增加和Caspase-3 mRNA表达明显减少,CDI均<1,具有协同作用。结论:TSRP分别和化疗药Hom或Ara-c联用对HL-60细胞有明显的协同增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用,可能是通过Fas-Caspase途径增强凋亡效应,从而增加化疗药物的敏感性,具有良好的临床应用前景。

红树莓罐头加工工艺研究

红树莓是一种深受消费者喜爱的果实,但果实酸味突出,且部分消费者无法接受其口感。本文以红树莓果实为研究对象,制作红树莓罐头,通过单因素试验和正交试验对红树莓罐头加工工艺进行优化。结果表明,红树莓罐头最佳工艺为红树莓添加量27%、银耳添加量6%、糖水浓度10%、氯化钙溶液浓度0.7%、氯化钙溶液浸泡20 min,该条件下红树莓罐头的感官评分最高。

茅莓总皂苷诱导HL-60白血病细胞凋亡机制研究

目的:明确茅莓总皂苷(TSRP)在体外对HL-60细胞抑制增殖和诱导凋亡作用。方法:MTT法检测不同浓度TSRP对HL-60细胞的增殖抑制;使用DAPI和Annexin V-FITC/PI法观察TSRP诱导凋亡作用;RT-PCR法检测TSRP对HL-60细胞Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3、Caspase-9和Fas mRNA表达的影响。结果:MTT显示TSRP在浓度200、400、800 mg/L对HL-60细胞生长抑制呈剂量依赖性,浓度800mg/L时吸光度为(0.232±0.030),与空白对照组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。DAPI显示TSRP在一定浓度内干预HL-60细胞后出现明显凋亡现象;Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡检测显示经不同浓度TSRP处理后,HL-60细胞的早期凋亡率明显增加;RT-PCR检测到在一定浓度范围内,TSRP显著抑制细胞Bcl-2和Fas mRNA表达,同时Bax、Caspase-9和Caspase-3 mRNA表达明显增加,以上均呈剂量依赖性。结论:在体外TSRP是通过Bcl-2和Fas途径诱导HL-60细胞凋亡,具有较好的临床应用前景。

中药覆盆子及其成熟果实研究进展

随着大健康产业的发展,药食两用产品逐渐成为中医药健康产业发展的新亮点。覆盆子作为药食两用中药,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老和抗炎等多种作用,具有极大的开发利用价值。综述中药材覆盆子及其成熟果实的产地、主要成分及两者的差异、药理作用,分析了覆盆子的开发趋势,为覆盆子的合理开发应用提供方向。

Total Phenolic Compounds, Carotenoids and <i>In Vitro</i>Antioxidant Activity of Three Traditional Indigenous Medicinal Plants of Saskatchewan, Canada

Medicinal plants are an important component in Indigenous cultures. Aralia nudicaulis L., Rubus idaeus L., and Rosa arkansana Porter were analyzed for total phenolic compounds, carotenoids and antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). The samples were harvested in Saskatchewan, Canada, with the help of an Indigenous Traditional Knowledge Keeper and the analyses were performed by spectrophotometry. The results showed that total phenolic compounds amount ranged from 0.08 to 0.88 mg GAE/mg d.w. and the total carotenoid contents ranged from 0.03 to 1.26 mg/g d.w. The in vitro antioxidant activity ranged from 0.02 to 0.71 μmol TE/mg d.w. by DPPH, from 0.05 to 2.53 μmol TE/mg d.w. by FRAP, and from 0.04 to 1.06 μmol TE/mg d.w. by ABTS. Rosa arkansana leaves stood out with higher amounts of total phenolic compounds (TPC) (0.88 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g d.w.), carotenoids (TC) (1.26 ± 0.03 mg/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (TAA) by DPPH (0.71 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.), ABTS (1.06 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.) and FRAP (2.32 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.), with the same amount of Rubus idaeus belowground (2.53 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.) in last technique (2.32 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.). The first principal component describes 83.88% of the total variance and all the variables have high influence on this component (factor loadings: T = 0.976, TC = 0.735, TAA by DPPH = 0.955, FRAP = 0.894 and ABTS = 0.996), demonstrating that these samples do not have large dissimilarity. The second principal component represents 13.64% of the total variance, and the TC is the dominant variable on the second principal component (0.658). Aralia nudicaulis, Rubus idaeus, and Rosa arkansana had interesting amounts of total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and in vitro antioxidant activity. Rosa arkansana leaves and Rubus idaeus have the highest amount of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in this study. Rosa arkansana leaves are also a good source of carotenoids, and so, they have great potential health benefits and use in industry as a source of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. This study enriches the literature on medicinal plants used by Indigenous people of Saskatchewan and surrounding Canada. More studies are necessary to identify its applications, security and to assess which compounds generate the benefits reported by Traditional Knowledge Keepers.

红树莓花色苷的提取及其抗氧化性研究

以红树莓为研究材料,采用超声辅助乙醇/硫酸铵双水相提取红树莓花色苷。考察了五种因素对红树莓花色苷含量的影响,通过响应面法优化超声辅助双水相萃取技术的最优工艺条件,并进行抗氧化活性分析。结果表明,25%乙醇、0.55 g/mL硫酸铵、超声功率640 W、超声30 min、1∶20的料液比提取效果最好,红树莓花色苷含量为0.219 mg/g。花色苷提取液浓度达到4.8 mg/L时,对DPPH清除率为94.93%,浓度达到5.5 mg/L时,对羟自由基清除率为45.83%,红树莓花色苷清除DPPH和羟自由基的能力远高于作为对照的相同浓度的维生素C溶液,其具有较好的抗氧化活性。

黑莓、树莓不同发育时期叶片鞣花酸与抗氧化、糖类物质的相关性分析

本研究拟在初步揭示悬钩子属浆果不同发育时期叶片中鞣花酸的变化规律。以黑莓、树莓及杂交类型共21个品种不同时期叶片为试材,用超声辅助溶剂提取法提取叶片中鞣花酸,用紫外分光光度法快速检测鞣花酸含量。在此基础上,选取其中5个品种分析评价了叶片抗氧化能力、抗氧化物质含量及糖类物质含量与鞣花酸含量的关系。结果表明,黑莓、树莓鞣花酸在嫩叶中含量较高,随着叶片的发育和衰老呈下降趋势,以黑莓‘宝森’嫩叶鞣花酸含量最高达39.622 mg/g,以树莓‘哈瑞泰兹’老叶中鞣花酸含量最低为7.649 mg/g。进而分析5个品种叶片的抗氧化能力及抗氧化物质含量,发现其与鞣花酸含量变化趋势相似,而叶片中糖类物质含量与鞣花酸含量变化呈负相关。研究结果为黑莓、树莓叶片中鞣花酸的功能研究及进一步开发利用提供部分基础理论依据。

茅莓分散片的制备及溶出度测定

目的 优选茅梅分散片的制备工艺,并测定其溶出度。方法 在单因素试验的基础上,以微晶纤维素(MCC)、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPP)、低取代羟丙基纤维素(L-HPC)为影响因素,崩解时间为评价指标,采用中心复合设计-效应面法优化茅莓分散片的处方工艺。再以茅莓总皂苷为指标,参考中国药典方法测定溶出度。结果最优处方工艺为茅莓总皂苷浸膏粉用量为36.9%,MCC用量为42%,PVPP用量为13%,L-HPC用量为8%,微粉硅胶用量为0.1%,模型相关系数较高。所制分散片崩解时间小于3 min,在50 min时,累积溶出度达到88%以上。结论 优选工艺稳定可靠,可用于茅莓分散片的制备。

食品配料及添加剂对双水相法提取红树莓花色苷稳定性的影响

以红树莓(Rubus idaeus L.)为试材,采用双水相法对红树莓中花色苷进行提取,通过硫酸铵浓度、乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比、提取温度5个单因素试验分析对花色苷含量的影响,在该基础上结合响应面优化,获得最佳提取工艺,并研究食品配料及添加剂对所提取的花色苷稳定性的影响,以期为红树莓在食品开发提供参考依据。结果表明:红树莓花色苷最佳提取工艺为硫酸铵浓度0.55 g·mL^(-1),乙醇体积分数20%,提取时间60 min,料液比1∶40 g·mL^(-1),花色苷含量0.0791 mg·g^(-1)。不同食品配料和添加剂对花色苷影响不同。

茅莓化学成分的分离鉴定

目的研究茅莓RubusparvifoliusL的化学成分。方法采用柱色谱和制备型高效液相色谱进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和光谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从茅莓的乙醇提取物中分得4个三萜成分和1个二糖成分,分别鉴定为suavissimosideR1(1),nigaichigosideF1(2),camelliageninA(3),camelliageninC(4)和sucrose(5)。结论化合物3～5均为首次从该植物中分得。

茅莓黄酮体外抗氧化活性研究

为了研究茅莓(Rubus parvifolius L.)不同部位(根、茎、叶)中总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性,试验分别考察了茅莓根、茎、叶中总黄酮对羟自由基(·OH)、超氧负离子(O2-)、有机自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力及对大鼠肝组织匀浆自发性脂质过氧化反应产物丙二醛(MDA)的抑制率。结果表明,茅莓各部位黄酮在一定浓度范围内,其清除羟自由基(·OH)、超氧负离子(O2-)、有机自由基(DPPH·)及抑制MDA的作用均呈量效关系。说明茅莓根、茎、叶中总黄酮均具有一定的体外抗氧化活性。

甘肃省悬钩子属药用植物资源

对甘肃省悬钩子属药用植物的资源分布、化学成分、药理作用及在医药、食品等方面的应用进行综述 ,并提出了 8种具有较大开发潜力的野生悬钩子 ,为该属植物的开发利用提供科学依据。

正交试验优化黑果悬钩子茎、叶总黄酮的提取纯化及其抗氧化活性

利用单因素试验和正交试验优化了黑果悬钩子(Rubus caesius?L.)茎和叶总黄酮的提取工艺,通过清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+·的方法测定了黑果悬钩子茎和叶的抗氧化活性。优化的总黄酮提取工艺为:提取温度80℃、提取时间70 min、乙醇溶液体积分数60%、料液比1∶90(g/m L)。通过比较AB-8等14种大孔树脂对黑果悬钩子茎、叶总黄酮的吸附分离效果,从中筛选出AB-8大孔树脂是理想的吸附剂。通过单因素试验,确定AB-8大孔树脂对黑果悬钩子总黄酮分离纯化的最优工艺为:上样流速1?m L/min、上样液总黄酮质量浓度0.32?mg/m L、上样体积80?m L,吸附饱和平衡后,以40?m L?60%乙醇溶液1.5?m L/min的流速动态洗脱。经AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化后,提取液的总黄酮含量和抗氧化能力显著提高,叶和茎总黄酮含量为纯化前的1.4倍和2.4倍,叶和茎的的ABTS+·清除能力分别为纯化前的1.7倍和2.5倍,DPPH自由基清除能力分别为纯化前的1.7倍和2.6倍。这些结果表明:黑果悬钩子叶和茎均具有较高的总黄酮含量和明显的抗氧化活性,是潜在的天然抗氧化剂资源。