Comprehensively Implementing the Rule of Law Solidly Pushing Forward Human Rights Development——Interview with President Luo Haocai of the China Society for Human Rights Studies(CSHRS)

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） reviewed and approved the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Certain Key Issues Concerning Comprehensively Pushing Forward the Rule of Law （hereafter, ＂Decision＂）. The plenary session was convened at a pivotal stage in comprehensively building a well-off society and comprehen- sively deepening reform. It was the first of its kind with the theme of the rule of law and was a landmark event in China＇s legal construction. The Journal interviewed Professor Luo Haocai, who is also president of the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）.

Empirical Human Rights Studies Contribute to Building a Society Under the Rule of Law——Summary of the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions

From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,

Women’s Councils:A Practical Exploration on the Construction of Democracy, Autonomy and the Rule of Law at the Grassroots Level

The women’s councils are an innovation advocated by the All-China women’s federation for women’s participation in social management and grassroots democracy.They are a beneficial exploration for women to participate in public affairs according to the law in accordance with Article 2 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China,and are a model of"the combination of autonomy,rule of law and rule of virtue."The women’s councils have aroused the enthusiasm of women to participate in public affairs,stimulated their autonomous vitality and creativity,and helped to solve the problems of women’s lack of representation and voice in decision-making.The process of deliberation is also the process of developing the awareness of rights,rules,consultation ability,the concept of the rule of law and even thinking about the rule of law.The women’s councils not only help to protect the rights and interests of women and children and promote women’s development,but also has unique value in enriching grassroots consultative democracy,developing grassroots mass autonomy,building a society ruled by law and promoting the implementation of the Constitution.we should therefore fully affirm,support and perfect the women’s councils so as to make it long-term,standardized and institutionalized.

Characteristics,Indicators,and Methods of Chinese Modernization of the Rule of Law

Chinese modernization of the rule of law is an important dimension of Chinese modernization;it has some commonalities with the rule of law modernization of all countries but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.The prominent feature that constitutes the Chinese characteristics,Chinese style,and Chinese model,is the adherence to the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.It is this feature that determines the difference with Western rule of law modernization.Representingg a new form of human rule of law civilization,the Chinesestyle primarily features the building of a socialist law-based country,government,andSsociety,including centralized,unified,authoritative,andefficient Chinese-style national supervision,as well as the dual existence of constitutional review by the Communist Party of China(CPC)and by the state.Chinese modernization cannot be made possible without the rule of law being modernized and serving as a safeguard.Comprehensive promotion of the rule of law is an overriding approach,and two methods have to be followed specifically:firstly,construction of a modern socialist country in all aspects under the rule of law,and secondly,performance of all work of the state under the rule of law.

Ethics Aware Object Oriented Smart City Architecture

A novel initiative in providing advanced civic amenities is the idea of smart city driven by the Internet of Things. Owing to a lack of consensus regarding what constitutes a smart city,diverse smart city architectures have been proposed. However,it is observed that adequate consideration is not given to the most important element of a smart city i.e. its people. In our opinion,energy efficient technologically driven city does not necessarily lead to a smart city. Ethics,tradition and law form essential ingredients of complex social palette that cannot be ignored. In this work we propose Ethics-Aware Object-Oriented Smart City Architecture(EOSCA)that has two distinguishing features. Firstly,we propose an object oriented layered architecture where an object represents an abstraction of a real world thing along with requisite security and ethics parameters. Secondly,we propose to integrate socio-cultural and ethical aspects within the smart city architecture by dedicating a separate ethics layer. Such enhancement not only addresses the challenge of privacy and security of a smart city,but also makes it people friendly by incorporating ethics. Such measures would facilitate social acceptance of smart city paradigm and augment its economic value.

教育法典中数字教育规范图景及其实现

新时代,教育立法的核心任务是提升立法品质、实现良法善治,随着教育法典编纂工作被列入立法计划,教育法法典化研究受到广泛关注。面临数字社会快速发展新形态,数字教育新问题日益凸显,数字技术的应用为传统的教育模式带来一系列新挑战,现阶段的数字教育法律体系难以满足数字教育治理的迫切需求,数字背景下的高质量教育立法显得至关重要。将数字教育规范深度融入教育法典之中,应当成为法典编纂设想的题中应有之义。在编纂教育法典的系统性工程中,遵循数字教育规范进路,以数字教育法律原则、数字教育主体规范、数字教育行为规范和数字教育技术规范为基础,充分补充、调整和升级相关数字教育法律规范,形成以数字教育法律原则为统领的数字教育法律规范图景,为教育的高质量、可持续发展奠定坚实的制度基础。

民事诉讼现代化标准判识

民事诉讼现代化是我国民事诉讼发展的方向性命题。民事诉讼现代化首先需要解决其现代化的标准为何。否则,民事诉讼现代化的推进就没有方向。民事诉讼现代化的基本标准主要包括五个方面:一是民事诉讼与现代社会的契合;二是民事诉讼与民事权利及体系发展的契合;三是强化民事诉讼的程序保障;四是实现民事诉讼的体系化;五是民事诉讼的科技化。民事诉讼的现代化应当主要围绕这几个方面展开和推进。实现民事诉讼现代化的有效路径是通过借鉴域外国家、地区现代民事诉讼制度,充分结合我国国情,实现中国式民事诉讼的现代化。

CONSTRUCTION OF A GOVERNMENT UNDER THE RULE OF LAW - AN OVERVIEW OF REPORT ON CHINA LAWDEVELOPMENT 2014： CONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL GOVERNMENT

At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC）, the Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Some Major Issues concerning Deepening the Rule of Law 2014 was passed and delineated the direction for the research of our nation＇s construction of a government under the rule of law. For years, the government at various levels and administrative agencies adhered to conducting work on the legal course under the CPC＇s leadership, actively promoting administration according to law, and constructing a government under the rule of law, and have made enormous achievements. However, there many difficulties still co-exist, along with challenges and opportunities. By adopting theoretical and empirical research approaches such as data analysis, normative analysis, interviews and investigations, questionnaires, counter-measure research, and case studies, this article discusses and conducted systematic and in-depth research on the theoretical framework of the construction of a government under the rule of law from macroscopic, to microscopic aspects. This article outlined the basic contexts and realistic vision for China＇s construction of a government under the rule of law, which can provide active implementation of the project of construction of government under the rule of law with a basis in theoretical referenee.

法治视野下对ADR的审视与构建

非诉讼纠纷解决机制,即ADR体系,在纠纷趋向多元化的今天,逐渐发挥出技术优势。与此同时,人民群众对于司法的作用寄予高度期望,为了满足法治社会与和谐社会的建设要求,同时满足社会纠纷管理的秩序建设在司法上的需求,需要重新厘清非诉讼纠纷解决机制的理念,并对司法性非诉讼纠纷解决机制进行理性批判与建构。通过分析ADR构建的合理性基础,并对ADR的程序价值进行定位,最大限度地发挥其应用的效用。

企业合规视阈下的算法治理:困境与应对

算法时代已然来临,算法技术的发展为经济全球化带来了前所未有的机遇,同时也带来了许多隐形的风险。目前,算法治理面临困境,增强数字企业算法合规意识,强化算法合规治理已刻不容缓。企业算法合规有利于改善算法治理困境、最大化规避数字企业风险、遵循保护人权的国际标准、优化传统合规治理方式,是符合时代要求的专项合规计划。企业算法合规应有明确的指导原则并建构系统规程。未来,我们可以从构建企业合规风险评估及信息传达机制、优化企业算法合规方案的监督完善机制、强化企业算法合规的外部激励机制、构造尊重人权的“道德基础设施”等方面优化企业算法合规路径,完善企业算法合规的中国方案。

法治社会建设中村规民约的定位与功用

在法治社会建设中,以村规民约为核心的特定社会规范,成为国家推动社会生活规范化的制度载体。在规范属性上,村规民约是与法律相协同的特定社会规范,具有鲜明的政策指向性。其执行力依赖自身在特定地域内的社会合法性,在实施中通过基层民主方式形成社会确认。在制度功能上,村规民约具备良好的社会适应性,有助于降低正式制度的实施成本,弥补法律、政策的不足。村规民约的实施,有利于在村民自治框架下强化法治建设,统筹德治建设,赋予自治以实质性内容;有助于在具体治理场域中促进“三治”结合,推动社会治理的法治化。法治社会建设应当克服法治工具主义立场,强化对综合治理方式的法治约束,为村规民约的发展提供更具包容性的法治空间。

中华优秀传统法律文化融入法治社会建设探析

法治社会是一个具有价值认同、规则多元和社会共治属性的社会治理形态。法治社会建设的着力点在于强化全社会的法治观念,塑造社会整体法治信仰。在中国这样一个传统的人情社会,要实现向法治社会的成功转型,必须从传统观念中探寻与法治观念的内在契合,引导民众逐渐实现由人情意识向法治意识的转变,中华优秀传统法律文化在其中扮演着至关重要的角色,从制度建设、规范运行到心理认同等层面,中华优秀传统法律文化都对法治社会建设具有积极意义。在立法、执法、司法、法治教育和法治人才队伍建设中浸润中华优秀传统法律文化是确保法治社会建设目标如期实现的根本路径。

中国式法治现代化视域下的社会治理法治化

法治现代化是国家治理现代化的题中之义,中国式法治现代化的过程同时也是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的过程。社会治理的法治化,既是国家治理现代化的重要组成部分和基本评判指标,也是中国式法治现代化在社会治理领域的具体表现形态。在中国式法治现代化进程中,社会治理法治化实践具有鲜明的人民性特质。“社会治理法治化”命题要求社会治理以国家法律规范体系为制度依凭,要求社会治理是一种多元规范之治,要求以社会治理共同体的存在为社会结构条件,要求在社会治理实践中充分体现中国特色社会主义的全过程人民民主。将社会治理法治化置于新时代国家发展基本方略之中,有助于理解社会治理法治化的重大意义,明晰社会治理法治化的战略目标。

智慧体育法治建设:机遇与挑战

大数据环境下,智慧法治与体育深度融合,延伸了体育法治建设的广度与深度,并催生了体育法治的新形态——智慧体育法治。智慧体育法治作为综合性与立体型的工程,涵盖了体育立法、体育行政、体育司法等领域。当前,我国智慧体育法治尚面临基础设施建设不完善、数据流通不畅以及人才匮乏等问题。未来,应直面科技的挑战,科学合理地运用现代信息科学技术,促进体育治理能力的现代化建设。

我国野生动物违法案件频发的治理困境及法治对策

新冠疫情暴发以来,中国野生动物保护法治力度不断加强,但野生动物违法案件并未显著减少,且呈现出新的违法犯罪形式、犯罪主体基层化、犯罪动机多样化等特点,在强化依法治国战略与生态文明建设实践背景下有必要探寻其原因并积极寻求相应法治化改善对策。针对中国当前野生动物保护立法存在个别条文内容科学性和完整性有待强化、监督机制有待加强、协同监管机制有待构建等不足的现状,可考虑采取健全和丰富野生动物保护政策法规、健全监督机制、加强社会共治、优化构建协同监管机制等具体措施予以积极完善。

从“送法下乡”到“法治乡村”——中国乡村法治建设的社会学考察

乡村法治是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要内容,也是乡村治理模式转型的关键一环。当代中国的乡村法治包含着现代民族国家构建、现代乡村社会构建、乡村治理现代化三个并行交互的进程,但三者呈现不同步、不协调的内在张力。鉴于中西古今的多重话语体系影响,乡村法治在理论上呈现出内生与外嵌,自主发展与外来思想、制度引入的角力与融合等多重景象;在实践层面上表现出对发展焦虑以及治理困局的积极应对和艰难探索。为此,对我国乡村法治的考察和实践推进,需放在中国式现代化、“三农”或乡村振兴这两个大的框架下进行,最终实现法治与“民情”的内在契合。对此既不能无视“民情”用强制的方式来实现乡村法治,也不能坐等“民情”的自然变迁,而应在建设社会主义现代化国家的总体目标下,积极推动现代乡村社会的构建和乡村治理现代化转型,实现“强国家-强社会-强治理”的内在统一。

法治社会的规范意涵及建设路径研究

法治社会意指社会主体自下而上地借助国家立法与社会自发形成的规则实现社会自治,并同时针对公权力展开持续的监督与制约,其与“法治政府”“社会治理”相比有着不同的规范意涵。法治社会命题的提出立基于法治内含的社会面向、社会转型期多元化的价值理念及其潜在的冲突,以及对政府推进型法治的反思。这一命题的实践革新了我国传统的法治发展模式,标志着我国社会转型的初步完成。法治社会的建设路径在于政府主动放权,充分提升基层群众自治组织自我发展的自由度;同时,赋予公益性、互益性社会组织以更多的自由,打造公平竞争的环境,逐步减少行政扶植,实现社会组织的多元竞争化发展。

规则主导与制度耦合:自治、法治与德治的辩证关系分析

从村民自治到自治、法治、德治相结合的转变,不仅仅是乡村治理体制形式上的变化,还是我国统筹推进国家治理、社会治理、基层治理的新举措。理解自治、法治、德治相结合,首选要分析和认识自治、法治、德治三者之间的关系,从整体上把握三者之间的内在逻辑。作为治理的一种方式,自治、法治、德治都需要以规则为根据,由此在乡村治理实践中形成制度耦合关系。健全自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系,要求我们必须坚持村民自治的基础地位不变,同时强化法治的保障功能和道德的教化功能,建立规则主导型的乡村社会。

论我国算法审计的法治化建构

算法审计具有技术审计、合规审计、风险审计、责任审计等复合属性。算法规制理念旨在规范“算法权力”,防止因算法滥用产生不良社会影响,实现算法正义。基于算法规制的视角,对算法审计进行法治化建构迫在眉睫且意义重大。算法审计的法治化建构,需要超越算法的技术性定义,关注算法输入数据的质量与评估算法产生的社会影响,遵循包括但不限于以下基本思路:鉴于既有审计类型无法包含算法审计,须规定算法审计独立审计类型;由于算法审计专业性强且市场发育不足,目前阶段应当建立公共机构主导的算法审计模式;为了有效裁决算法纠纷,有必要确立算法审计诉讼类型;面对算法治理存在侵蚀人的自主性倾向,亟待凝聚算法伦理社会共识。

智能商品的循环经济实践与法律议题分析

在支持绿色发展,发展循环经济,加快智能技术研发和应用推广的多个政策指引下,有必要探索智能商品和循环经济发展的结合点和可行模式,提出关于促进智能商品循环经济实践的法学研究路径。调整我国智能商品循环经济实践的核心问题是在完善循环经济促进法的监管机制的基础上进一步形成智能商品财产权体系,以解决循环过程中的智能商品控制权问题。借鉴“权利束”和“相对所有权”等概念,可以在法律上认可并赋予生产者对高价值高科技含量智能产品的财产利益,从而更有效地达到循环经济的法律目标。