Can environmental regulations achieve both profitability and profit quality?A natural experiment based on the China Cleaner Production Standards

Numerous studies evaluated the effects of end-of-pipe control environmental regulations(EER).However,few scholars discussed the effects of process management environmental regulations(PER),such as the China Cleaner Production Standards(CCPS)implemented by the country's Ministry of Ecology and Environment.Using data on China's manufacturing enterprises,this paper adopts the CCPS policies as quasi-natural experiments and uses differences-in-differences(DID)methods to analyze their effects on enterprise profitability and profit quality,respectively.The results show that:first,the CCPS significantly improve both profitability and profit quality;that is,the implementation of the environmental regulation policy plays a significant role in improving enterprise profit rates and cash flows.Second,for the profitability mediator effects,the short-term Porter effect of CCPS is not significant but shows the opposite during the lag period and significantly reduces the management cost and wage levels,comprehensively promoting enterprise profitability.Third,for the profit quality meditator effects,environmental regulations improve the enterprises'cash flow by reducing management costs and increasing government subsidies;however,its effect on bank credit subsidies is not significant.Fourth,for the moderator effects,the environmental regulations'effect on enterprises profitability and profit quality depends on the strategic interaction among local governments,the scale and ownership of the enterprise,and regional differences.That is,the strategic interaction weakens the effect of environmental regulations on enterprise performance.Environmental regulations have a stronger influence on profitability and profit quality for large-scale,state-owned,and coastal enterprises.

Standardized Production Technical Regulations of Jingdan No. 15

The standardized production technical regulations of a new maize variety Jingdan No.15 are introduced from all aspects of land preparation,sowing,fertilization,intercropping,plant protection,interplanting,and harvesting.

Technical Regulations for Standardized Planting of Rare and Multi-purpose Wild Fruit Kadsura coccinea

The cultivation technology were standardized for improving the yield and quality,and the commodity value and the competitiveness of fruit market,and solving the bottleneck problem—fruit quality and yield that affect the industrial development of rare and multi-purpose wild fruit Kadsura coccinea(Lem.)A.C.Smith.Through the investigation of K.coccinea production area and planting area,collection and analysis of fruit samples,it was found that in most planting area,the varieties of K.coccinea were mixed,with great differences in fruit quality and yield,which makes it impossible to realize large-scale planting.In view of these problems,a series of studies have been carried out and the technical regulations for standardized planting of rare and multi-purpose wild fruit K.coccinea were formulated.

Private- Sector Standards Regulation with Food Safety in China：Can It Learn Anything from WTO？

It is predicted that in the near future,private- sector standard will,like Tesco,Wal- Mart,Carrefour,still exit. China should modify its current legal regal disciplines' to make the private entities with regards food safety. Probably the mechanism of government-private entities collaboration governance would be a best choice.

Balancing the customization and standardization:exploration and layout surrounding the regulation of the growing field of 3D-printed medical devices in China

Medical devices are instruments and other tools that act on the human body to aid clinical diagnosis and disease treatment,playing an indispensable role in modern medicine.Nowadays,the increasing demand for personalized medical devices poses a significant challenge to traditional manufacturing methods.The emerging manufacturing technology of three-dimensional(3D)printing as an alternative has shown exciting applications in the medical field and is an ideal method for manufacturing such personalized medical devices with complex structures.However,the application of this new technology has also brought new risks to medical devices,making 3D-printed devices face severe challenges due to insufficient regulation and the lack of standards to provide guidance to the industry.This review aims to summarize the current regulatory landscape and existing research on the standardization of 3D-printed medical devices in China,and provide ideas to address these challenges.We focus on the aspects concerned by the regulatory authorities in 3D-printed medical devices,highlighting the quality system of such devices,and discuss the guidelines that manufacturers should follow,as well as the current limitations and the feasible path of regulation and standardization work based on this perspective.The key points of the whole process quality control,performance evaluation methods and the concept of whole life cycle management of 3D-printed medical devices are emphasized.Furthermore,the significance of regulation and standardization is pointed out.Finally,aspects worthy of attention and future perspectives in this field are discussed.

Overview of the South African mine health and safety standardization and regulation systems

Outlined the South African mine health and safety regulatory framework,in- cluding the roles of government,tripartite council,service agencies,mine enterprises, rescue stations and workers unions,analyzed the institutional structures of South African mine health and safety standardization,including the South African standard and specifi- cation systems and standard development processes,and characterized the South African mine health and safety standardization and regulation systems.Intended to provide some suggestions for the transformation and improvement of mine health and safety standardi- zation and regulation systems in China or in similar situations.

Asymmetric Environmental Regulation:Mechanism and a Yardstick Phenomenon

In discussing the policy effects of environmental regulation,we should focus not only on whether environmental regulation helps improve the environmental and economic performance of firms,but also on how such improvement is materialized,i.e.whether the obsolete mode of production is reversed.After matching the database of China’s industrial enterprises with that of pollution emissions from these industrial enterprises,this paper identifies the asymmetric scope of clean production standards to test the effect of environmental regulation on the total factor productivity(TFP)of the industrial enterprises.Our empirical research finds that the implementation of clean production standards may induce TFP improvement.However,such improvement only occurs for polluters who cannot or who barely meet clean production standards and does little to improve the production standards of polluters with low pollution emission,reflecting the yardstick phenomenon of the asymmetric environmental regulation policy effect:While polluters are forced to improve,clean enterprises that pollute less are more likely to take no action.Further research finds that such TFP improvement is materialized primarily by means of overall firm optimization;the compensation effect is insignificant and does not reverse the backward mode of production.Polluters cope with the implementation of clean production standards by purchasing more equipment and expanding capacity,which adds to the tension between the expansion of capacity and the abatement of pollution emission.

The Quasi-Parabolic Regulation of the Standard Free Energies of Formation of Binary Intermediate Compounds

In this paper it has theoretically proved that the relationship of the molar atomic standard free energies of formation of binary intermediate compounds to the molar fraction of component is a quasi-parabola which is called a quasi-parabolic regula- tion.

The Latest Status and Progress of Domestic and Foreign Regulations on Cosmetic Efficacy Claims

The supervision and administration of cosmetics and its two supporting documents related to efficacy,cosmetics classification rules and classification catalogue and evaluation standard of cosmetic efficacy claims,have been successively introduced and implemented,making China’s cosmetics industry officially enter the era of efficacy evaluation.In the time window when the new era is coming,the definitions of cosmetics in China and other countries are compared.The latest status and progress of regulations on cosmetic efficacy claims in China and other countries are summarized,and the standard methods or guidance of cosmetic efficacy evaluation at home and abroad are introduced.The enlightenment from the supervision systems of cosmetic efficacy in other cosmetic consumer markets around the world are discussed.In addition,the opportunities and challenges for cosmetic enterprises under the background of cosmetic law reform in China are also prospected.

First standard released to regulate the study and use of stem cells

China’s first general standard for stem cells officially released on November 22,2017 is expected to lay a foundation for regulating the application of stem cells technology.Stem cells are a group of self-renewal cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.They are now used for the treatment of many diseases.Despite a series of documents for regulating basic research and achievement transformation of stem cells,the clinical application and industrialization still face great challenges due to

经济修辞的基本原则

修辞是一种复杂的语言活动。修辞的过程,从本质上说,就是语言资源配置的过程,需要应合特定的题旨情境,朝着既定的修辞目标预期而努力。为此,修辞主体(表达者)在语言资源配置的过程中就必须遵循一定的原则。其中有三项最基本的原则,是修辞主体必须要始终牢记并遵循的,这就是:“增量达标”原则、“减量达标”原则和“调控适变”原则。

国内外深远海养殖设施标准对比分析及建议

标准是保障深远海养殖活动规范安全开展的基础性支撑文件,研究制定要求合理、管理科学的深远海养殖标准,意义重大。通过对比国内外深远海养殖设施标准化文件中深远海养殖设施的关键指标,发现国外的标准化文件体系较为完整,指标要求比国内高,而国内深远海养殖设施标准化文件严重缺失,还未成体系,结合国内环境条件和产业现状,对比国外技术标准、法规要求,提出针对国内的意见建议:增加适渔性研究、开展国内外标准化文件的深化对比研究、构建科学完整的标准体系、发挥标准作用促进“四新”在深远海养殖设施中的应用,细化深化检验管理中的要求;尽快在深远养殖设施的结构强度、工作人员的安全保障和设施风险分析方面制定相关标准。

实验室危险化学品储存限量法规标准研究

随着高校教学科研的不断发展和扩大,开展实验所涉及的危险化学品种类和数量逐年增多,本文针对高校实验室危险化学品存量的现状及存在的问题,选取我国具有代表性的法律、法规和标准,并针对其中关于危险化学品储存及其限量的相关规定进行比较分析,提出符合高校实验室的危险化学品储存限量标准化精细研究的建议,为实验室危险化学品储存管理提供合理合法的依据,有助于提高了危险化学品科学监管水平,降低实验室安全风险。

基于“1+X”证书制度的高职“食品标准与法规”课程改革与探索——以河南农业职业学院为例

基于“1+X”食品合规管理职业技能等级证书技能要求,分析“食品标准与法规”课程在产教融合、课证融通方面存在的问题,并从加强教师队伍建设、课程内容重构、学习效果评价方法改革等3个方面进行研究与实践,以期为高职院校“食品标准与法规”课程改革提供参考。

发达国家地膜应用及回收处理

本研究采用数据资料分析的方法,系统梳理了欧盟和日本地膜产品和相关标准、地膜应用与回收处理的做法和成效。结果显示:欧盟和日本使用的地膜产品以传统有色地膜为主,厚度多≥0.02 mm,是我国地膜厚度的两倍以上,相关标准要求也高于我国;欧盟和日本地膜多用于蔬菜等园艺作物上,收集处理系统完善,地膜回收率多在80%以上,基本不存在地膜残留污染问题;欧盟大部分国家和日本有较完善的废弃物管理立法,没有专门针对地膜的法律条文;由于地膜的回收率高、含杂率低,回收回来的地膜多可得到合理再利用;地膜全产业链有很好的设计与应用,值得我国学习。

全球数据监管竞争下我国个人信息出境标准合同研究

个人信息出境标准合同产生于全球数据跨境流动监管竞争加剧的时代,是一种重要的数据跨境监管工具,并为国际层面提供了具有可互操作性的数据跨境流动模式。通过梳理历史沿革、剖析制度现状可以发现,我国个人信息出境标准合同秉承着以数据安全为基础的数据自由流动的价值取向,是结合行政监管和企业自治的创新型数据监管工具,旨在保护合同外第三方受益人并监管数据出境全过程,以合同权利义务固定化数据监管标准。作为我国加入全球数据监管竞争的重要手段,个人信息出境标准合同制度在时代趋势下经历了从无到有的发展历程,各方面细节也在逐步完善,但在规范结构、条款规范和持续监管等方面尚存难题有待进一步研究和破解。我国应当从立法重心、结构重塑、监管内容等三个方面夯实制度基础以促进中国参与全球数据竞争。

数字经济下个人信息使用和保护平衡的三方演化博弈分析

构建以政府(G)、个人信息所有者(P)和个人信息获取/使用者(C)三方为主体的动态博弈模型,分析其演化过程。通过对以政府为驱动的三方博弈的演化路径分析,从三方的角度分别提出对策建议。研究结果表明,政府实施严格监管可以提升自身形象和管理效率。政府应主要采用惩罚手段,使个人信息获取/使用者在违规策略下产生较高的成本,从而促使他们采取规范获取和使用的策略。对于个人信息所有者而言,政府及时发现违规行为并严格处理,同时积极宣传个人信息维护,可激励他们采取积极提供个人信息的策略。在这种情况下,三方可实现帕累托最优的策略均衡,并实现在数字经济下个人信息使用和保护的平衡。