The genus Rumex(Polygonaceae):an ethnobotanical,phytochemical and pharmacological review

Rumex L.,a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species,is growing widely around the world.Some Rumex species,called"sorrel"or"dock",have been used as food application and treatment of skin diseases and hemostasis after trauma by the local people of its growing areas for centuries.To date,29 Rumex species have been studied to contain about 268 substances,including anthraquinones,flavonoids,naphthalenes,stilbenes,diterpene alkaloids,terpenes,lignans,and tannins.Crude extract of Rumex spp.and the pure isolates displayed various bioactivities,such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,cardiovascular protection and antiaging activities.Rumex species have important potential to become a clinical medicinal source in future.This review covers research articles from 1900 to 2022,fetched from SciFinder,Web of Science,ResearchGate,CNKI and Google Scholar,using“Rumex”as a search term("all fields")with no specific time frame set for the search.Thirty-five Rumex species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution,edible parts,traditional uses,chemical research and pharmacological properties.

Antioxidant potential of Rumex vesicarius L.:in vitro approach

Objective:To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis of most active fraction of Rumex vesicarius L.(R.vesicarius).Methods:In the present study,acetone,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,and methanol extracts of R.vesicarius were evaluated for radical scavenging activity by studying the inhibition of the level of lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(++)/ascorbate,DNA sugar damage,scavenging of hydrogen peroxide,diphenylphosphine DPPH radical scavenging activity,total phenolic content,total flavonoids content and total proanthocyanidin.High performance thin layer chromatography finger print profiling of R.vesicarius L.was also done.Results:Lipid peroxidation induced by the iron/ascorbate system,hydrogen peroxide,diphenylphosphine and DNA sugar damage were inhibited by the addition of different extract of R.vesicarius.Among them,methanolic extract showed maximum efficacy.The methanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic,total flavonoids and total proanthocyanidin contents.Conclusions:The results suggest that the extracts can be a vital source of phytochemical antioxidants.

New seco-anthraquinone glucoside from the roots of Rumex crispus

A new seco-anthraquinone,crispuside A(1),and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones,napthalenones A-C(2-4),were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L.,along with 10 known anthraquinones(6-14)and naph-thalenone(5).Their structures were fully determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses,including ECD,and X-ray crystallography in case of compound 5,whose absolute configuration was determined for the first time.The isolates 1,6-14 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal activity against three skin fungi,e.g.,Epidermophyton floccosum,Trichophyton rubrum,and Microsporum gypseum.Most of the isolates showed weak anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity.Only compound 9 exhibited obvious anti-fungal activity against E.floccosum(MIC_(50)=2.467±0.03μM)and M.gypseum(MIC_(50)=4.673±0.077μM),while the MIC_(50)values of the positive control terbinafine were 1.287±0.012 and 0.077±0.00258μM,respectively.The results indicated that simple emodin type anthraquinone is more potential against skin fungi than its oxyglucosyl,C-glucosyl and glycosylated seco analogues.

HPLC法测定金不换各部位中大黄酸、大黄素含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定河南栽培金不换中大黄酸、大黄素的含量,色谱柱为Hy-persilC18柱(250mm×4.6mm×5μm),流动相:甲醇∶0.25%磷酸(体积比80∶20),流速:1.1mL/min,检测波长为436nm.结果:大黄酸在0.154～1.54μg/mL、大黄素在0.412～2.06μg/mL范围内其峰面积积分值与质量浓度之间呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6和0.999 9),平均回收率分别为100.2%、99.87%(n=6),RSD分别为1.47%、2.1%.该方法简便、准确,可用于金不换中大黄酸、大黄素含量的测定.

HPLC-MS/MS法测定巴天酸模中7个蒽醌类成分含量

目的:采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定巴天酸模中7个蒽醌类成分的含量。方法:采用SB-C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B)。梯度洗脱程序为:0~8.5 min,95%~95%A;8.5~8.51 min,95%~40%A;8.51~12 min,40%~40%A。流动相流速为0.4 mL/min,柱温为20℃,进样量为10μL。结果:大黄酸、芦荟大黄素在2.5~50 ng/mL,大黄素、大黄素甲醚在10~250 ng/mL,大黄酚在25~1000 ng/mL,大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚-8-O-葡萄糖苷在10~500 ng/mL范围内,进样量与峰面积具有良好线性关系(r^2均>0.98)。同时,其平均加样回收率在90.32%~106.75%(n=6)。结论:该方法简便、准确、灵敏,可用于巴天酸模中蒽醌类成分的含量测定。

土大黄提取物对银屑病小鼠P物质及其神经肽受体-1表达的影响

目的:经土大黄干预,探讨P物质(SP)及其神经激肽-1受体(NK-1R)在银屑病皮肤组织中的表达及意义。方法:收集对照组,银屑病模型组,甲氨蝶呤片组(1.3 mg/kg),阿瑞匹坦胶囊组(5 mg/kg),土大黄组(1、2、4 g/kg)小鼠皮肤、血液标本,经苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,观察银屑病小鼠皮肤组织病理学变化;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)技术,检测银屑病小鼠皮肤SP、NK-1R mRNA表达;采用酶联免疫吸附测定、蛋白免疫印迹技术,检测银屑病小鼠血液SP、皮肤、NK-1R蛋白表达;随后分析SP、NK-1R表达水平与银屑病的关系。结果:与银屑病模型组比较,所有药物干预组均能改善银屑病小鼠皮肤组织病理学变化;同时,小鼠皮肤SP、NK-1RmRNA表达,血清SP、皮肤NK-1R蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与阳性对照药甲氨蝶呤片组、阿瑞匹坦胶囊组比较,1 g/kg大黄组小鼠皮肤组织NK-1R蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。与土大黄组(1 g/kg)比较,土大黄组(2、4 g/kg)小鼠皮肤组织NK-1R蛋白表达均降低,其中土大黄组(2 g/kg)(P>0.05)、土大黄组(4 g/kg)(P<0.05)。结论:土大黄可能通过降低焦虑相关神经递质SP及其NK-1R受体基因、蛋白表达,从而改善小鼠银屑病样皮损,其作用不亚于阳性对照药甲氨蝶呤片、阿瑞匹坦胶囊。

土大黄提取物对人永生化表皮角质形成细胞(HaCaT)增殖的影响

目的土大黄根醇提物化学组分分析及其对人永生化表皮角质形成细胞(HaCaT细胞)增值的影响。方法利用D101大孔树脂、HPLC对土大黄根70%乙醇提取物(原粗提取物)进行分离纯化、主要化学组分分析,同时观察对HaCaT细胞增殖的作用。结果通过D101大孔树脂处理得到了30%、50%、70%、90%乙醇洗脱部位的出膏率分别为5.4%、14.8%、11%、0.72%。HPLC检测得知,30%洗脱部位占0.151%,成分为大黄素;50%洗脱部位占1.952%,成分为芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄素甲醚;70%洗脱部位占21.409%,成分为芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄素甲醚;90%洗脱部位占1.927%,成分为大黄酸、大黄素、大黄素甲醚;土大黄根70%乙醇提取物(原粗提取物)占1.591%,成分为芦荟大黄素和大黄酸;对HaCaT细胞增殖的抑制作用由强到弱依次为90%乙醇洗脱部位、70%乙醇洗脱部位、50%乙醇洗脱部位、70%乙醇提取物(原粗提取物)、30%乙醇洗脱部位,抑制率分别为17.55%、16.66%、10.99%、10.25%和7.86%。结论土大黄根醇提物70%乙醇洗脱部位是最佳富集部位(21.409%)、也是最佳洗脱部位。土大黄根70%乙醇提取物(原粗提取物)及其不同洗脱部位均对HaCaT细胞增殖具有一定的抑制作用,其作用可能与土大黄所含的蒽醌类成分有关,提示土大黄具有治疗银屑病的作用。

Preliminary study on the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants of Khuzestan(Iran)

Objective:To search for antimicrobial agents among natural products.Methods:Ethanolic extracts of 4 plant species,including Beta vulgaris L.(Chenopodiaceae),Amaranthus graecizans (A.graecizans) L.(Amaranthaceae),Rumex obtusifolius(R.obtusifolius) L.and Polygonum patulum(P.patulum) M.B.(Polygonaceae),were evaluated for antibacterial activity using agar disc diffusion method against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria[Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa),Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes).Staphylococcus epidermidis(S.epidermidis),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Klebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae),Salmonella typhi(S.typhi),Bacillus cereus(B.cereus).Bacillus anthracis(B. anthracis),Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Streptococcus pyogenes(Str.pyogenes)].These extracts were obtained from aerial parts of the used plants.Results:The majority of these extracts had inhibitory effect at different concentrations(0.05 g/mL,0.10 g/mL,0.20 g/mL and 0.40 g/mL) against above mentioned bacteria.E.coli was the most resistant strain.The highest inhibitory zone was showed by ethanolic extract of P.patulum against Str.pyogenes(28 mm) and followed by ethanolic extract of B.vulgaris against S.epidermidis(23 mm).The extract of A.graecizans didn’t show inhibitory activity except at 0.40 g/mL against B.cereus.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) values of R.obtusifolius extract that was measured against Str.pyogenes were equal(MIC=MBC=5.00mg/mL).Conclusion: The findings of this study could also be as new source for antibiotics discovery and infection treatment.

含Rumex K-1草粉、苜蓿草粉、Rumex K-1草粉+石粉三种日粮对家兔生长消化影响的比较

将18只家兔分成三组,A组家兔饲喂40％苜蓿草粉配制的免用颗粒饲料,B组饲喂40％Rumex k-1草粉配制的颗粒日粮,C组饲喂在B组日粮基础上添加3.3％石粉的日粮,以比较Rumex K-I草粉和苜蓿草粉的营养价值和添加石粉对提高Rumex K-1草粉营养价值的作用。结果表明:A、B、C组家兔对3种日粮的采食量分别为159.81±6.08,128.96±8.96和151.11±11.56 g/免/d,各组平均日增重分别为32.61±1.63,30.61±1.98和35.58±4.22g/免/d,有机物消化率(％)分别为59.50±1.12,70.85±1.97和69.06±2.02,粗蛋白消化率(％)分别为68.30±2.81,74.46±2.50和73.33±3.40。与苜蓿草粉日粮比,家免对含Rumex K-1日粮采食量低19.3％(P<0.01),体增重减慢6.5％(P>0.05),而有机物和粗蛋白消化率却分别提高19％(P<0.01)和9.6％(P<0.01)。表明家兔对Rumex K-1草粉日粮具有良好的消化性,但适口性较差,从而影响动物的生长性能。往Rumex K-1日粮中添加石粉,可使家免的采食量增加17.2％(P<0.01),日增重提高16.2％(P<0.05),是提高采食量、从而改善家兔营养的有效办法,可以消除饲喂Rumex K-1草粉时的不良作用。

HPLC法同时测定野菠菜中4种蒽醌类成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定野菠菜中芦荟大黄素、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚含量的方法。方法:采用HPLC色谱法,色谱柱为Waters XBridge C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml·min^(-1),检测波长为254 nm,柱温为25℃,进样量为10μl。结果:芦荟大黄素、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚检测质量浓度的线性范围分别为2.35~117.50μg·ml^(-1)、2.67~133.50μg·ml^(-1)、25.27~1263.50μg·ml^(-1)、5.96~298.00μg·ml^(-1)(r为0.9996~0.9998);平均加样回收率分别为99.89%,98.85%,99.75%,99.28%(RSD<2.0%,n=6)。结论:该方法简单方便,精密度、稳定性、重复性良好,可用于野菠菜中4个成分的同时测定。

Phytochemical Screening, Extraction of Essential Oils and Antioxidant Activity of Five Species of Unconventional Vegetables

Unconventional vegetables, in general, are plants that have been largely consumed by the population at some point and, because of changes in eating behavior, now present reduced economic and social expression and have lost ground to other vegetables. The objectives of this study were to perform phytochemical screening of the ethanol extracts of Rumex acetosa L., Tropaeolum majus L., Solanum muricatum, Stachys byzantina K. Koch and Solanum betaceum Cav. and evaluate their antioxidant potentials via the methods involving scavaging of the DPPH free radical and the ABTS radical, phosphomolybdenum and reducing power. In phytochemical screening, five species of unconventional vegetables tested positive for tannins;for sesquiterpene, lactones and other lactones. These tests were positive for Tropaeolum majus L. and Rumex acetosa L., Solanum betaceum Cav. and Solanum muricatum tested negative for steroids. Only Solanum betaceum Cav. gave positive tests for flavonoids. Among the five plant species studied, Stachys byzantina K. Koch presented the greatest antioxidant potential in all the methods evaluated.

超微冷冻前处理协同渗漉法提取食叶草黄酮工艺优化及其抗氧化、降血糖活性研究

目的优化食叶草黄酮的提取工艺,并对其体外抗氧化和降血糖活性进行研究。方法采用超微冷冻前处理协同渗漉法提取食叶草黄酮,通过单因素和响应面实验优化提取工艺参数。同时研究其对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-bitter hydrazine,DPPH)自由基和2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothi-azoline-6-sulphonic acid),ABTS]阳离子自由基的清除能力和对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率。结果最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度70%、溶剂倍数20、渗漉流速3.5 mL/min,此条件下,食叶草黄酮得率为3.58%,比普通粉碎法制得的得率提高了24.74%。体外抗氧化活性实验结果表明:当食叶草黄酮质量浓度为1 mg/mL时,其对DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基的清除率分别为76.27%和83.12%,半抑制浓度值(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC_(50))分别为0.416 mg/mL和0.267 mg/mL,表明食叶草黄酮具有较强的抗氧化作用。体外降血糖实验结果表明,当食叶草黄酮质量浓度为5 mg/mL时,其对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率为81.27%,IC_(50)为2.116 mg/mL,表明食叶草黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶有较好的抑制作用。结论该研究获得了食叶草黄酮的最佳提取工艺,得到的食叶草黄酮具有较强的抗氧化能力和降血糖能力。

铅、锌胁迫下齿果酸模的富集特征

以齿果酸模为试验对象,采用盆栽试验法,研究在不同单一铅、锌浓度和复合铅、锌浓度胁迫下,齿果酸模对铅、锌的富集特征。结果表明:在单一铅、锌胁迫和混合铅锌胁迫条件下,齿果酸模地下和地上部分对铅、锌的富集系数均小于1,对铅的转移系数为1.21~4.81,对锌的转移系数为0.48~3.53。齿果酸模在一定浓度铅、锌胁迫下,对铅、锌有一定的耐性和转移能力,可以用于修复治理铅锌污染土壤。

酸模属植物中化学成分及其药理活性研究进展

蓼科酸模属的多种植物均为民间传统药用植物,该属的羊蹄、钝叶酸模、酸模、巴天酸模、皱叶酸模等均作为草药"土大黄"广泛使用,具有清热解毒、行瘀止血、杀菌止痒等功效,用于治疗疥癣和多种出血症。"土大黄"类药材与大黄形态相似,市场上常作为大黄的伪品处理,然而"土大黄"中含有大量的萘醌、酚酸类成分,具有很强的杀菌止痒和止血收敛的功效,因此从杀菌止痒、抗病毒的角度考虑,土大黄类药材比大黄类药材更具开发价值。综述酸模属植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展,旨在更好开发利用该属植物。

巴天酸模中化学成分的研究

目的 研究巴天酸模中的化学成分。方法 通过硅胶柱层析 ,从巴天酸模 Rumex patientia L.中分离到 16个化合物 ,经波谱分析 ,化学方法及与已知化合物对照 ,鉴定其结构。结果 分别鉴定为豆甾醇 ( ) ,α-细辛醚 ( ) ,大黄素甲醚 ( ) ,大黄素 - 1,6 -二甲醚 ( ) ,大黄素 ( ) ,大黄酚 ( ) ,xanthorin- 5 - m ethylether( ) ,牛蒡子苷( ) ,3-羟基牛蒡子苷 ( ) ,3-甲氧基牛蒡子 - 4″- O- β- D-木糖苷 ( ) ,大黄素 - 8- O- β- D-葡萄糖苷 ( ) ,山奈酚 ( ) ,槲皮素 - 3- O-β- D -葡萄糖苷 ( ) ,异鼠李素 ( ) ,山奈素 - 3- O-β- D-葡萄糖苷 ( ) ,5 -羟基 - 4′-甲氧基黄酮 - 7- O-β-芸香糖苷 ( )。结论 化合物

巴天酸模中的蒽醌类化合物

从巴天酸模 (PolygonumRumexPatientiaL .)的全草中分离得到 6个蒽醌类化合物 ,由光谱数据鉴定了其结构 .分别是大黄素 (emodin ,Ⅰ ) ,大黄酚 (chrysophanol,Ⅱ ) ,大黄素甲醚 (physcion ,Ⅲ ) ,大黄素 1,6 二甲醚 (emodin dimethylether,Ⅳ ) ,大黄素 8 O β D 葡萄糖甙 (emodin 8 O β D glucoside ,Ⅴ )和xanthorin 5 methylether(Ⅵ ) .其中 。

巴天酸模地上部分化学成分研究

目的:研究巴天酸模地上部分的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱的方法分离纯化化合物,并通过理化性质和波谱分析鉴定结构。结果:从巴天酸模地上部分中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为:大黄酚(1)、大黄酚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、大黄素甲醚(3)、大黄素(4)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、高丽槐素(6)、高丽槐素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(9)、2-O-甲基肌醇(10)、决明酮-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)、酸模素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)。结论:其中,化合物6、7、10为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物9为首次从该植物中分离得到。

巴天酸模中的黄酮化合物

从巴天酸模 (PolygonumRumexPatientiaL .)的全草中分离得到 5个黄酮化合物 ,经化学方法和各种光谱数据鉴定了其结构 ,分别是山奈酚 (kaempferol,Ⅰ) ,槲皮素 3 O β D 葡萄糖甙 (quercetin 3 O β D glucoside ,Ⅱ) ,异鼠李素 (isorhamnetin ,Ⅲ ) ,山奈素 3 O β D 葡萄糖甙 (kaempferol 3 O β D glucoside ,Ⅳ )和 5 羟基 4′ 甲氧基黄酮 7 O β 芸香糖甙 ( 5 hydro 4′ methyoxyflavanone 7 O β rutinoside ,Ⅴ ) .化合物Ⅲ。

镉胁迫对野老鹳草和长刺酸模种子萌发的影响

用不同浓度的镉处理长刺酸模和野老鹳草种子,研究两种野生牧草萌发阶段对镉胁迫的反应。结果表明,镉浓度低于10 mg/L时,两种野生牧草种子萌发基本不受影响;随镉处理浓度增高,种子发芽率和活力指数逐渐下降。镉胁迫对根长的影响大于芽长。当镉浓度达到80 mg/L时,两种草仍有20%的发芽率,表明两种草对镉有一定的耐性,可以尝试用来进行镉污染土壤的修复。

钝叶酸模对铅锌的富集特性

为探讨钝叶酸模对铅、锌污染的耐性机制及其对铅、锌污染土壤修复的应用潜力,采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度铅、锌污染条件下,钝叶酸模对铅、锌的富集效果。结果表明：在单一的铅、锌污染和铅锌混合污染条件下,钝叶酸模地上部和地下部对铅、锌的富集系数均小于1。对锌的转移系数为1.00～2.58,均≥1;在施铅400mg/kg、施锌800mg/kg时,地上部对锌的积累量和转移系数最大,达264.85mg/kg和2.58。对铅的转移系数为0.30～2.02,单一施铅800 mg/kg时,地上部对铅的积累量最大,达101.21mg/kg;单一施铅100mg/kg时,对铅的转移系数最大,为2.02。钝叶酸模是铅、锌耐性植物,可作为铅、锌污染土壤的修复植物。