The polymerase chain reaction combined with direct sequencing was employed to deduce the variety of the grey-rumped pheasant populations in China. Totally 1079 basepair sequences of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） control...The polymerase chain reaction combined with direct sequencing was employed to deduce the variety of the grey-rumped pheasant populations in China. Totally 1079 basepair sequences of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） control-region gene were analyzed from 121 grey-rumpod pheasants obtained from 13 Chinese lo- calities, 76 variable sites resulted in 91 haplotypes. These populations possessed a high level of genetic diversity, indicating that during their evolution effective population size and polymorphism were not reduced by climatic fluctuations in the Pleistocene ice ages. Phylogenetie analysis indicates that all populations were clustered into two groups, western and eastern. The degree of population differentiation presumably results from a low gene flow （ N, = 0. 33, F,, = 0. 60, P 〈 0. 001 ） between the two groups, and the divergence occurred in the years （2.1 ×10^5 - 2.2 × 105 ）. The genetic structure of grey-rumped pheasants in China ap- pears to be the result of the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the existence of Qinling Mountains and Liupan Mountains and cyclical climatic oscillations during the late Pleistocene.展开更多
<strong>Introduction</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Accurate pregnancy dating is important for many aspects of </span><...<strong>Introduction</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Accurate pregnancy dating is important for many aspects of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obstetric care at individual level as well as population level. Traditionally</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pregnancy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> dating has done by adding 9 months and 7 days to the last menstrual period (LMP) using Naegele’s formula. Determination of gestational age by ultrasound is more precise. Most commonly used parameters are mean sac diameter, gestation sac volume, crown</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC) and femur length (FL). After 24 weeks</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gestational age cannot be accurately determined by ultrasound scans. The biological variability of CRL is small and growth is very rapid. There are </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">many factors</span><span style="font-family:"color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that</span><span style="color:red;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">can affect CRL such as measurement errors, differences in growth rates between individuals, fetal sex and maternal conditions such as diabetes </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mellitus. A correctly performed measurement of CRL is the most accurate way</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of estimating the gestational age in early pregnancy from 8 weeks to 13 weeks + 6 days. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objectives </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our study aims were to prepare a new Crown Rump Length chart with Sri Lankan population data and to compare </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">new CRL chart with existing intergrowth CRL chart.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Method </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Prospective observationa</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l study with recruitment of subjects by Quota sampling technique was carried out from April 2015 to March 2016. Spontaneously conceived uncomplicated singleton pregnancies with normal Body Mass Index (BMI) 18.5 - 23 kg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were recruited at the time of registration to antenatal care. Consenting woman with known LMP with regular cycles in preceding 3 months were undergone ultrasound examination only once at gestational age (GA) ranging from 8 weeks to 13 weeks + 6 days. If ultrasound dating w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> different from LMP dating by more than 5 days in pregnancies with POA less than 9 weeks and dating difference</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> more than 7 days in pregnancies between 9 weeks and 14 weeks w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> excluded. Pregnancies complicated with uncertain viability, congenital anomalies and spontaneous miscarriage were excluded from statistical analysis. Data collection done with pre-tested interviewer administered form and analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 653 subjects were recruited for the study and 557 turned up for ultrasound dating assessment. Dating discrepancy and multiple pregnancies excluded 31 subjects, uncertain viability and spontaneous miscarriage excluded 15 subjects resulting 511 subjects for final statistical analysis. The mean CRL increased with GA almost linearly from day 56 to 97. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We have produced new CRL chart based on Sri Lankan data and it can be used for clinical practice in Sri Lanka. There is no statistically significant difference between our CRL chart and intergrowth CRL chart.</span></span>展开更多
FABP4(Fatty acid binding protein 4)参与细胞内脂肪酸的转运和脂肪酸代谢,是当前研究动物脂肪沉积与代谢的热门候选基因。为了研究FABP4基因在绵羊尾脂沉积与代谢中的作用,文章采用生物信息学方法分析了FABP4氨基酸序列在各物种中的...FABP4(Fatty acid binding protein 4)参与细胞内脂肪酸的转运和脂肪酸代谢,是当前研究动物脂肪沉积与代谢的热门候选基因。为了研究FABP4基因在绵羊尾脂沉积与代谢中的作用,文章采用生物信息学方法分析了FABP4氨基酸序列在各物种中的保守性;利用半定量RT-PCR方法检测了该基因在阿勒泰羊主要组织中的表达;采用饥饿法成功建立了模拟阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积与代谢的动物模型,利用q PCR和i TRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation)技术同时验证FABP4基因m RNA和蛋白在阿勒泰羊非饥饿组与饥饿组尾脂中的表达变化。序列分析结果表明,绵羊FABP4氨基酸序列在物种间高度保守,提示FABP4基因可能由于其重要的生物功能而在进化中表现出其物种的保守性。组织表达谱结果显示,FABP4 m RNA在阿勒泰羊肠脂与尾脂中均高丰度表达,暗示FABP4基因可能在脂肪中行驶着重要的生理生化功能。q PCR与i TRAQ结果显示,FABP4 m RNA与蛋白在两种极端条件下尾脂中的表达差异均不显著(P>0.05),表明FABP4基因可能不是绵羊尾脂沉积与代谢两种极端差异表型的决定基因。以上研究结果为进一步研究FABP4基因在绵羊尾脂中的生物功能奠定了基础。展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(NO:311055)Doctoral Start-up Research Fund of Qiongzhou University(No:QYXB201009)+1 种基金Co-operation Fund between University and Locality of Sanya City(No:2010YD22)Fund for Zoology Major Course of Hainan Province
文摘The polymerase chain reaction combined with direct sequencing was employed to deduce the variety of the grey-rumped pheasant populations in China. Totally 1079 basepair sequences of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） control-region gene were analyzed from 121 grey-rumpod pheasants obtained from 13 Chinese lo- calities, 76 variable sites resulted in 91 haplotypes. These populations possessed a high level of genetic diversity, indicating that during their evolution effective population size and polymorphism were not reduced by climatic fluctuations in the Pleistocene ice ages. Phylogenetie analysis indicates that all populations were clustered into two groups, western and eastern. The degree of population differentiation presumably results from a low gene flow （ N, = 0. 33, F,, = 0. 60, P 〈 0. 001 ） between the two groups, and the divergence occurred in the years （2.1 ×10^5 - 2.2 × 105 ）. The genetic structure of grey-rumped pheasants in China ap- pears to be the result of the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the existence of Qinling Mountains and Liupan Mountains and cyclical climatic oscillations during the late Pleistocene.
文摘<strong>Introduction</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Accurate pregnancy dating is important for many aspects of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obstetric care at individual level as well as population level. Traditionally</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pregnancy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> dating has done by adding 9 months and 7 days to the last menstrual period (LMP) using Naegele’s formula. Determination of gestational age by ultrasound is more precise. Most commonly used parameters are mean sac diameter, gestation sac volume, crown</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC) and femur length (FL). After 24 weeks</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gestational age cannot be accurately determined by ultrasound scans. The biological variability of CRL is small and growth is very rapid. There are </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">many factors</span><span style="font-family:"color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that</span><span style="color:red;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">can affect CRL such as measurement errors, differences in growth rates between individuals, fetal sex and maternal conditions such as diabetes </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mellitus. A correctly performed measurement of CRL is the most accurate way</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of estimating the gestational age in early pregnancy from 8 weeks to 13 weeks + 6 days. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objectives </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our study aims were to prepare a new Crown Rump Length chart with Sri Lankan population data and to compare </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">new CRL chart with existing intergrowth CRL chart.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Method </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Prospective observationa</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l study with recruitment of subjects by Quota sampling technique was carried out from April 2015 to March 2016. Spontaneously conceived uncomplicated singleton pregnancies with normal Body Mass Index (BMI) 18.5 - 23 kg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were recruited at the time of registration to antenatal care. Consenting woman with known LMP with regular cycles in preceding 3 months were undergone ultrasound examination only once at gestational age (GA) ranging from 8 weeks to 13 weeks + 6 days. If ultrasound dating w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> different from LMP dating by more than 5 days in pregnancies with POA less than 9 weeks and dating difference</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> more than 7 days in pregnancies between 9 weeks and 14 weeks w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> excluded. Pregnancies complicated with uncertain viability, congenital anomalies and spontaneous miscarriage were excluded from statistical analysis. Data collection done with pre-tested interviewer administered form and analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 653 subjects were recruited for the study and 557 turned up for ultrasound dating assessment. Dating discrepancy and multiple pregnancies excluded 31 subjects, uncertain viability and spontaneous miscarriage excluded 15 subjects resulting 511 subjects for final statistical analysis. The mean CRL increased with GA almost linearly from day 56 to 97. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We have produced new CRL chart based on Sri Lankan data and it can be used for clinical practice in Sri Lanka. There is no statistically significant difference between our CRL chart and intergrowth CRL chart.</span></span>
文摘FABP4(Fatty acid binding protein 4)参与细胞内脂肪酸的转运和脂肪酸代谢,是当前研究动物脂肪沉积与代谢的热门候选基因。为了研究FABP4基因在绵羊尾脂沉积与代谢中的作用,文章采用生物信息学方法分析了FABP4氨基酸序列在各物种中的保守性;利用半定量RT-PCR方法检测了该基因在阿勒泰羊主要组织中的表达;采用饥饿法成功建立了模拟阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积与代谢的动物模型,利用q PCR和i TRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation)技术同时验证FABP4基因m RNA和蛋白在阿勒泰羊非饥饿组与饥饿组尾脂中的表达变化。序列分析结果表明,绵羊FABP4氨基酸序列在物种间高度保守,提示FABP4基因可能由于其重要的生物功能而在进化中表现出其物种的保守性。组织表达谱结果显示,FABP4 m RNA在阿勒泰羊肠脂与尾脂中均高丰度表达,暗示FABP4基因可能在脂肪中行驶着重要的生理生化功能。q PCR与i TRAQ结果显示,FABP4 m RNA与蛋白在两种极端条件下尾脂中的表达差异均不显著(P>0.05),表明FABP4基因可能不是绵羊尾脂沉积与代谢两种极端差异表型的决定基因。以上研究结果为进一步研究FABP4基因在绵羊尾脂中的生物功能奠定了基础。
