Runoff formation is a complex meteorological-hydrological process impacted by many factors,especially in the inland river basin.Based on the data of daily mean air temperature,precipitation and runoff during the perio...Runoff formation is a complex meteorological-hydrological process impacted by many factors,especially in the inland river basin.Based on the data of daily mean air temperature,precipitation and runoff during the period of 1958-2007 in the Kaidu River watershed,this paper analyzed the changes in air temperature,precipitation and runoff and revealed the direct and indirect impacts of daily air temperature and precipitation on daily runoff by path analysis.The results showed that mean temperature time series of the annual,summer and autumn had a significant fluctuant increase during the last 50 years（P 0.05）.Only winter precipitation increased significantly（P 0.05） with a rate of 1.337 mm/10a.The annual and winter runoff depthes in the last 50 years significantly increased with the rates of 7.11 mm/10a and 1.85 mm/10a,respectively.The driving function of both daily temperature and precipitation on daily runoff in annual and seasonal levels is significant in the Kaidu River watershed by correlation analysis.The result of path analysis showed that the positive effect of daily air temperature on daily runoff depth is much higher than that of daily precipitation in annual,spring,autumn and winter,however,the trend is opposite in summer.展开更多
Effects of environmental factors such as climate,topography,vegetation and soil in shelter forests in Three Gorges Reservoir Region on runoff and sediment yields were monitored to identify dominant environmental facto...Effects of environmental factors such as climate,topography,vegetation and soil in shelter forests in Three Gorges Reservoir Region on runoff and sediment yields were monitored to identify dominant environmental factors controlling runoff and sediment yields in 15 runoff plots in study area by soil sampling,laboratory analysis,stepwise regression analysis and path analysis,and to establish the main control environmental factors that affect runoff and sediment yields. The results showed that soil bulk density,herbaceous cover,slope,and canopy density were the significant factors controlling runoff,and the direct path coefficient of each factor was ranked as canopy closure(-0. 628) > litter thickness(-0. 547) > bulk density( 0. 509) > altitude( 0. 289). The indirect path coefficient was ranked as soil bulk density( 0. 354) >litter thickness(-0. 169) > altitude( 0. 126) > canopy closure(-0. 104). Therefore,canopy closure and litter thickness mainly had direct effects on runoff,while soil bulk density mainly had indirect effects through their contributions to other factors. Herbaceous cover,litter thickness,slope,canopy density,and altitude were the significant factors controlling sediment yields. The direct path coefficient of each factor was ranked as herbaceous cover(-0. 815) > litter thickness(-0. 777) > canopy closure(-0. 624) > slope( 0. 620). The indirect path coefficient was ranked as slope( 0. 272) > litter thickness(-0. 131) > canopy closure(-0. 097) > herbaceous cover(-0. 084). Therefore,herbaceous cover and litter thickness mainly had direct effects on sediment yields,while slope mainly had indirect effects through their contributions to other factors. All the selected environmental factors jointly explained 85. 5% and 78. 3% of runoff and sediment yield variability,respectively. However,there were large values of remaining path coefficients of other factors influencing runoff and sediment yields,which indicated that some important factors are not included and should be taken into account.展开更多
微塑料(MPs)作为一种新型污染物对生态环境造成的污染问题已引起广泛关注,但其在雨水径流中的赋存形态与迁移特性还存在知识缺口。作者利用Web of Science、ScienceDirect等数据库中2012-2022年关于雨水径流中微塑料研究成果的文献信息...微塑料(MPs)作为一种新型污染物对生态环境造成的污染问题已引起广泛关注,但其在雨水径流中的赋存形态与迁移特性还存在知识缺口。作者利用Web of Science、ScienceDirect等数据库中2012-2022年关于雨水径流中微塑料研究成果的文献信息进行计量统计分析,围绕雨水径流中MPs的赋存特性、迁移规律和控制方法等研究进展进行综述,并提出未来研究方向。结果表明,城市雨水径流中MPs的赋存情况由于土地利用类型不同而呈现出形态和丰度的显著差异,但总体以纤维状MPs为主(占比45%~82%),而在道路雨水径流中则以轮胎磨损颗粒为主要类型(占比50%~90%)的颗粒状存在。MPs可随雨水径流进入周边土壤或附近水域,其中进入土壤后可对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构和植物生长产生不同程度的影响,而进入水域则可影响水生生物生命活动,并通过食物链传播对生态系统造成危害。但MPs的迁移方式受降雨强度和赋存形态显著影响。径流中的MPs可通过截污式雨水口(CBIs)、粗污染物捕集装置(GPTs)、生物滞留系统(BRS)、人工湿地(CWs)等典型雨水控制措施进行截留而去除,其中CBIs等灰色基础设施仅能去除粒径>150μm的MPs,而BRS等绿色基础设施则可有效去除粒径>20μm的MPs,去除率高达80%以上。未来应重点建立MPs定量检测的标准化方法,关注雨水径流管控过程中MPs的环境行为与生态毒理效应,尤其是TWP的生态风险控制。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (40871027)the Initial Project of State Key Basic R & D Program of China (2009CB426309)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-334)
文摘Runoff formation is a complex meteorological-hydrological process impacted by many factors,especially in the inland river basin.Based on the data of daily mean air temperature,precipitation and runoff during the period of 1958-2007 in the Kaidu River watershed,this paper analyzed the changes in air temperature,precipitation and runoff and revealed the direct and indirect impacts of daily air temperature and precipitation on daily runoff by path analysis.The results showed that mean temperature time series of the annual,summer and autumn had a significant fluctuant increase during the last 50 years（P 0.05）.Only winter precipitation increased significantly（P 0.05） with a rate of 1.337 mm/10a.The annual and winter runoff depthes in the last 50 years significantly increased with the rates of 7.11 mm/10a and 1.85 mm/10a,respectively.The driving function of both daily temperature and precipitation on daily runoff in annual and seasonal levels is significant in the Kaidu River watershed by correlation analysis.The result of path analysis showed that the positive effect of daily air temperature on daily runoff depth is much higher than that of daily precipitation in annual,spring,autumn and winter,however,the trend is opposite in summer.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2015BAD07B04)Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province,China(152102110059)
文摘Effects of environmental factors such as climate,topography,vegetation and soil in shelter forests in Three Gorges Reservoir Region on runoff and sediment yields were monitored to identify dominant environmental factors controlling runoff and sediment yields in 15 runoff plots in study area by soil sampling,laboratory analysis,stepwise regression analysis and path analysis,and to establish the main control environmental factors that affect runoff and sediment yields. The results showed that soil bulk density,herbaceous cover,slope,and canopy density were the significant factors controlling runoff,and the direct path coefficient of each factor was ranked as canopy closure(-0. 628) > litter thickness(-0. 547) > bulk density( 0. 509) > altitude( 0. 289). The indirect path coefficient was ranked as soil bulk density( 0. 354) >litter thickness(-0. 169) > altitude( 0. 126) > canopy closure(-0. 104). Therefore,canopy closure and litter thickness mainly had direct effects on runoff,while soil bulk density mainly had indirect effects through their contributions to other factors. Herbaceous cover,litter thickness,slope,canopy density,and altitude were the significant factors controlling sediment yields. The direct path coefficient of each factor was ranked as herbaceous cover(-0. 815) > litter thickness(-0. 777) > canopy closure(-0. 624) > slope( 0. 620). The indirect path coefficient was ranked as slope( 0. 272) > litter thickness(-0. 131) > canopy closure(-0. 097) > herbaceous cover(-0. 084). Therefore,herbaceous cover and litter thickness mainly had direct effects on sediment yields,while slope mainly had indirect effects through their contributions to other factors. All the selected environmental factors jointly explained 85. 5% and 78. 3% of runoff and sediment yield variability,respectively. However,there were large values of remaining path coefficients of other factors influencing runoff and sediment yields,which indicated that some important factors are not included and should be taken into account.
文摘微塑料(MPs)作为一种新型污染物对生态环境造成的污染问题已引起广泛关注,但其在雨水径流中的赋存形态与迁移特性还存在知识缺口。作者利用Web of Science、ScienceDirect等数据库中2012-2022年关于雨水径流中微塑料研究成果的文献信息进行计量统计分析,围绕雨水径流中MPs的赋存特性、迁移规律和控制方法等研究进展进行综述,并提出未来研究方向。结果表明,城市雨水径流中MPs的赋存情况由于土地利用类型不同而呈现出形态和丰度的显著差异,但总体以纤维状MPs为主(占比45%~82%),而在道路雨水径流中则以轮胎磨损颗粒为主要类型(占比50%~90%)的颗粒状存在。MPs可随雨水径流进入周边土壤或附近水域,其中进入土壤后可对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构和植物生长产生不同程度的影响,而进入水域则可影响水生生物生命活动,并通过食物链传播对生态系统造成危害。但MPs的迁移方式受降雨强度和赋存形态显著影响。径流中的MPs可通过截污式雨水口(CBIs)、粗污染物捕集装置(GPTs)、生物滞留系统(BRS)、人工湿地(CWs)等典型雨水控制措施进行截留而去除,其中CBIs等灰色基础设施仅能去除粒径>150μm的MPs,而BRS等绿色基础设施则可有效去除粒径>20μm的MPs,去除率高达80%以上。未来应重点建立MPs定量检测的标准化方法,关注雨水径流管控过程中MPs的环境行为与生态毒理效应,尤其是TWP的生态风险控制。
