[Objective] The study aimed to simulate the runoff of Shitoukoumen Reservoir basin by using SWAT model. [Method] Based on DEM elevation, land use type, soil type and hydrometeorological data, SWAT model, a distributed...[Objective] The study aimed to simulate the runoff of Shitoukoumen Reservoir basin by using SWAT model. [Method] Based on DEM elevation, land use type, soil type and hydrometeorological data, SWAT model, a distributed hydrological model was established to simulate the monthly runoff of Shitoukoumen Reservoir basin, and the years 2006 and 2010 were chosen as the calibration and validation period respectively. [Result] The simulation results indicated that SWAT model could be used to simulate the runoff of Shitoukoumen Reservoir basin, and the simulation effect was good. However, the response of the model to local rainstorm was not obvious, so that the actual runoff in June and July of 2010 was abnormally higher than the simulation value. [Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical references for the plan and management of water resources in Shitoukoumen Reservoir basin in future.展开更多
This study examined the temporal trends of runoff and sediment load and their differential response to human activities in the Lishui river,a tributary of the Yangtze river in southern China.The long-term observation ...This study examined the temporal trends of runoff and sediment load and their differential response to human activities in the Lishui river,a tributary of the Yangtze river in southern China.The long-term observation data at four gauging stations,generally involving two periods from 1954 to 1985 and from 2007 to 2011,were used.We detected no significant temporal trend for both the annual runoff volume(Q) and the annual suspended Sediment Load(SL) over more than 30 years before 1985.The flow duration curves and the Suspended Sediment Concentration(SSC) also hold constant before 1985.Compared with the period before 1985,SL has decreased by about 80% though Q remains unchanged for the period after 2007.Detailed examination shows that the flow duration curves after 2007 have changed with a significant decrease in the high-flow component,which acts as a major cause for the decreasing SL.In addition,SSC has decreased by several times,which also contributes to the decrease in SL after 2007.Both decreases in high-flow discharges and in SSC can be linked with recent human activities,mainly including vegetation establishment and dam constructions.The constant Q and the decreasing SL are also reported for the main stream of the Yangtze River and other major rivers in southern China,although they are orders of magnitude larger than our study area in drainage area size.The present study highlights the importance of high-flow discharges on SL and suggests that the use of SL is more appropriate to reflect environmental change than Q.展开更多
Water level is an important index for studying hydrologic processes. Water level rise processes were studied in three catchments(catchment I, II, III in Chen Jiagou watershed in the Three Gorge Reservoir Area) with di...Water level is an important index for studying hydrologic processes. Water level rise processes were studied in three catchments(catchment I, II, III in Chen Jiagou watershed in the Three Gorge Reservoir Area) with different areas to provide useful information to inform data extension from a gauged-catchment to an ungauged catchment. The results showed that there are seasonal changes in the dominant driving mode of the rise of the water level. The rise of the water level in March is likely mainly driven by the mode of stored-full runoff, and in September or October, it is mainly driven by Horton-flow. The correlation coefficients of all indexes were significant among the three catchments, suggesting that these catchments have similarities and that water level data extension is likely to be completed successfully between the large catchment(III-Catchment) and the small catchment(ICatchment). It was confirmed that there is good similarity between the 0.6 km^2 and 6 km^2 catchments, and the data correlation is good between the catchments with the area differences in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In addition, the rise processes of the water level in the catchments were not only different under the same rain conditions, but this difference could also change with the rain condition.展开更多
The Jinsha River Basin is an important basin for hydropower in China and it is also the main runoff and sediment source area for the Yangtze River,which greatly influence the runoff and sediment in the Three Gorges Re...The Jinsha River Basin is an important basin for hydropower in China and it is also the main runoff and sediment source area for the Yangtze River,which greatly influence the runoff and sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir.This study aims to characterize the spatial distribution,inter-annual variation of runoff and sediment load in the Jinsha River Basin,and to analyze the contribution of rainfall and human activities to the runoff and sediment load changes.The monitoring data on runoff,sediment load and precipitation were collected from 11hydrological stations in the Jinsha River Basin from1966 to 2016.The data observed at the outlet of the basin showed that 71.4%of the runoff is from the upper reaches of the Jinsha River Basin and the Yalong River,while 63.3%of the sediment is from the lower reaches(excluding the Yalong River).There is no significant increase in runoff on temporal scale in the Jinsha River Basin,while it has an abrupt change in runoff in both upstream and midstream in 1985,and an abrupt change in downstream in 1980 and2013.The sediment load demonstrated a significantincreasing trend in the upstream,no significant reducing trend in the midstream,but significant reducing trend in the downstream.The sediment load in upstream showed abrupt change in 1987,in midstream in 1978 and 2014,in downstream in 2012.Rainfall dominated runoff variation,contributing more than 59.0%of the total variation,while human activity,including reservoirs construction,the implementation of soil and water conservation projects,is the major factor to sediment load variation,contributing more than 87.0%of the total variation.展开更多
由于受人类活动及气候变化影响,黄河上游干流水沙特征发生显著变化。为探究黄河上游水沙变化情况,基于黄河上游5个水文站19642019年水沙、遥感影像等数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验法、滑动t检验法、累积距平曲线和双累积曲线等突变检验方...由于受人类活动及气候变化影响,黄河上游干流水沙特征发生显著变化。为探究黄河上游水沙变化情况,基于黄河上游5个水文站19642019年水沙、遥感影像等数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验法、滑动t检验法、累积距平曲线和双累积曲线等突变检验方法和小波分析法,对黄河上游水沙变化特征进行研究。利用水沙关系曲线及线性回归法等方法估算人类活动和气候对水沙变化的贡献率,并着重讨论梯级水库建设及土地利用变化对水沙的影响。结果表明:1)黄河上游玛曲-小川段流域内降雨量和径流量变化幅度不明显,贵德站、循化站、小川站19862019年年均输沙量分别减至19641985年的9.8%、24.6%、38.8%,输沙量大大减少。黄河上游玛曲-小川段径流量突变多在1986年,输沙量突变多在1969、1986、2004年,径流量存在8、16、22 a周期,输沙量存在4~8、18~21、27 a周期。2)1969年后,河流输沙能力增强,水沙关系显著改变。在不同时段内,人类活动对径流量变化在19872019年贡献率为66.3%,对输沙量变化在19701986、19872004、20052019年的贡献率为72.96%、70.73%、69.7%。人类活动对黄河上游干流水沙影响占据主导因素。3)刘家峡水库淤积最为严重,单库运行期水库淤积量为2.39亿t,排沙比变化范围为1.39%~10.7%。梯级水库联调使得径流量在19642004年间减少47.8%,19642019年间梯级水库减沙94.8%,梯级水库对输沙量影响远大于对径流量的影响。4)19802020年间,草地面积增加了1880.03 km 2,增幅3.1%,有利于减少输沙量,草地拦沙效益大于截流效益。展开更多
为准确揭示密云水库流域径流变化的物理成因,基于降水、径流非平稳特征诊断结果,采用SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)水文模型,基于Budyko理论的弹性系数法和水量平衡法揭示该流域径流变化原因;对比验证各模型归因结果差异,进一...为准确揭示密云水库流域径流变化的物理成因,基于降水、径流非平稳特征诊断结果,采用SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)水文模型,基于Budyko理论的弹性系数法和水量平衡法揭示该流域径流变化原因;对比验证各模型归因结果差异,进一步探究归因方法和基准期选择对流域径流变化归因结果的影响。结果表明:基于Budyko理论的水量平衡方法更适用于水利工程众多、跨流域调水活动频繁的密云水库流域径流变化归因计算;利用该方法进行分析,当基准期长度达到16年及以上时,流域径流变化归因分析结果逐渐趋于稳定,而基准期选取过短会高估人类活动对径流的减水效应;此外,基准期选取靠近研究初始时段时,计算得到人类活动的减水效应相对较大。综合考虑上述各因素的影响,认为人类活动是密云水库流域径流变化的主导因素;在变化期Ⅰ,其减水效应在-128.32%~-119.56%波动,在变化期Ⅱ,其对径流的削减作用为-75.58%~-70.70%。研究结果有助于提升对密云水库流域径流复杂演变规律和物理成因的科学认识。展开更多
水库的建设和运行使得水库下游流量发生了显著改变,为了在月径流模拟中充分考虑水库的调蓄作用,选择东江流域作为典型流域,使用粒子群算法优化的长短期神经网络(Particle Swarm Optimization-Long Short Term Memory,PSO-LSTM)对东江流...水库的建设和运行使得水库下游流量发生了显著改变,为了在月径流模拟中充分考虑水库的调蓄作用,选择东江流域作为典型流域,使用粒子群算法优化的长短期神经网络(Particle Swarm Optimization-Long Short Term Memory,PSO-LSTM)对东江流域的3个多功能水库枫树坝、新丰江、白盆珠水库的出流进行了模拟,并与传统的水库模型Level Pool Scheme(LPS)进行对比;使用三参数月度水文模型(Three-Parameter Monthly Hydrological Model Based on the Proportionality Hypothesis,TMPH)进行水库入流和区间来水模拟,与上述两种水库出流模型结合分别形成PSO-LSTM-TMPH和LPS-TMPH对东江流域重要站点龙川、河源、岭下、博罗进行预见期为一个月的径流模拟。结果表明:①PSO-LSTM在三大水库的模拟中效果均好于LPS,尤其在新丰江水库出流模拟中,在验证期的纳什效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency,NSE)、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)分别为0.59、55.59 m^(3)/s,相比LPS提高了0.22,降低了17.01 m^(3)/s,说明该模型可以很好地捕捉多年调节水库复杂的水库出流规则;②PSO-LSTM-TMPH模拟龙川站、河源站、岭下站、博罗站径流的NSE为0.87,0.86,0.91,0.93,相比LPS-TMPH,NSE提高了0.09、0.21、0.07、0.03;③在测试期内,PSO-LSTM-TMPH水库出流模拟效果仍然较好,相比训练期、验证期模拟效果差异小,说明模型的模型泛化能力较强。研究建立的PSOLSTM-TMPH混合模型可以结合深度学习和物理模型各自的优势,适用于人类活动干扰下的径流模拟,可为优化水资源利用、实施干旱调度等提供技术支撑。展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of Changchun Science and Technology Bureau(09RY33)
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to simulate the runoff of Shitoukoumen Reservoir basin by using SWAT model. [Method] Based on DEM elevation, land use type, soil type and hydrometeorological data, SWAT model, a distributed hydrological model was established to simulate the monthly runoff of Shitoukoumen Reservoir basin, and the years 2006 and 2010 were chosen as the calibration and validation period respectively. [Result] The simulation results indicated that SWAT model could be used to simulate the runoff of Shitoukoumen Reservoir basin, and the simulation effect was good. However, the response of the model to local rainstorm was not obvious, so that the actual runoff in June and July of 2010 was abnormally higher than the simulation value. [Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical references for the plan and management of water resources in Shitoukoumen Reservoir basin in future.
基金funded by Special Foundation for Protection of Geoheritages in Zhangjiajie World GeoparkNational Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41271306)
文摘This study examined the temporal trends of runoff and sediment load and their differential response to human activities in the Lishui river,a tributary of the Yangtze river in southern China.The long-term observation data at four gauging stations,generally involving two periods from 1954 to 1985 and from 2007 to 2011,were used.We detected no significant temporal trend for both the annual runoff volume(Q) and the annual suspended Sediment Load(SL) over more than 30 years before 1985.The flow duration curves and the Suspended Sediment Concentration(SSC) also hold constant before 1985.Compared with the period before 1985,SL has decreased by about 80% though Q remains unchanged for the period after 2007.Detailed examination shows that the flow duration curves after 2007 have changed with a significant decrease in the high-flow component,which acts as a major cause for the decreasing SL.In addition,SSC has decreased by several times,which also contributes to the decrease in SL after 2007.Both decreases in high-flow discharges and in SSC can be linked with recent human activities,mainly including vegetation establishment and dam constructions.The constant Q and the decreasing SL are also reported for the main stream of the Yangtze River and other major rivers in southern China,although they are orders of magnitude larger than our study area in drainage area size.The present study highlights the importance of high-flow discharges on SL and suggests that the use of SL is more appropriate to reflect environmental change than Q.
基金funded by West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences,CASthe State Council Three Gorges Construction Committee Project of China
文摘Water level is an important index for studying hydrologic processes. Water level rise processes were studied in three catchments(catchment I, II, III in Chen Jiagou watershed in the Three Gorge Reservoir Area) with different areas to provide useful information to inform data extension from a gauged-catchment to an ungauged catchment. The results showed that there are seasonal changes in the dominant driving mode of the rise of the water level. The rise of the water level in March is likely mainly driven by the mode of stored-full runoff, and in September or October, it is mainly driven by Horton-flow. The correlation coefficients of all indexes were significant among the three catchments, suggesting that these catchments have similarities and that water level data extension is likely to be completed successfully between the large catchment(III-Catchment) and the small catchment(ICatchment). It was confirmed that there is good similarity between the 0.6 km^2 and 6 km^2 catchments, and the data correlation is good between the catchments with the area differences in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In addition, the rise processes of the water level in the catchments were not only different under the same rain conditions, but this difference could also change with the rain condition.
基金supported by the “National Key R & D Plan Project of China (2018YFD0200502)the 135 Strategic Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS (SDS135-1702)
文摘The Jinsha River Basin is an important basin for hydropower in China and it is also the main runoff and sediment source area for the Yangtze River,which greatly influence the runoff and sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir.This study aims to characterize the spatial distribution,inter-annual variation of runoff and sediment load in the Jinsha River Basin,and to analyze the contribution of rainfall and human activities to the runoff and sediment load changes.The monitoring data on runoff,sediment load and precipitation were collected from 11hydrological stations in the Jinsha River Basin from1966 to 2016.The data observed at the outlet of the basin showed that 71.4%of the runoff is from the upper reaches of the Jinsha River Basin and the Yalong River,while 63.3%of the sediment is from the lower reaches(excluding the Yalong River).There is no significant increase in runoff on temporal scale in the Jinsha River Basin,while it has an abrupt change in runoff in both upstream and midstream in 1985,and an abrupt change in downstream in 1980 and2013.The sediment load demonstrated a significantincreasing trend in the upstream,no significant reducing trend in the midstream,but significant reducing trend in the downstream.The sediment load in upstream showed abrupt change in 1987,in midstream in 1978 and 2014,in downstream in 2012.Rainfall dominated runoff variation,contributing more than 59.0%of the total variation,while human activity,including reservoirs construction,the implementation of soil and water conservation projects,is the major factor to sediment load variation,contributing more than 87.0%of the total variation.
文摘由于受人类活动及气候变化影响,黄河上游干流水沙特征发生显著变化。为探究黄河上游水沙变化情况,基于黄河上游5个水文站19642019年水沙、遥感影像等数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验法、滑动t检验法、累积距平曲线和双累积曲线等突变检验方法和小波分析法,对黄河上游水沙变化特征进行研究。利用水沙关系曲线及线性回归法等方法估算人类活动和气候对水沙变化的贡献率,并着重讨论梯级水库建设及土地利用变化对水沙的影响。结果表明:1)黄河上游玛曲-小川段流域内降雨量和径流量变化幅度不明显,贵德站、循化站、小川站19862019年年均输沙量分别减至19641985年的9.8%、24.6%、38.8%,输沙量大大减少。黄河上游玛曲-小川段径流量突变多在1986年,输沙量突变多在1969、1986、2004年,径流量存在8、16、22 a周期,输沙量存在4~8、18~21、27 a周期。2)1969年后,河流输沙能力增强,水沙关系显著改变。在不同时段内,人类活动对径流量变化在19872019年贡献率为66.3%,对输沙量变化在19701986、19872004、20052019年的贡献率为72.96%、70.73%、69.7%。人类活动对黄河上游干流水沙影响占据主导因素。3)刘家峡水库淤积最为严重,单库运行期水库淤积量为2.39亿t,排沙比变化范围为1.39%~10.7%。梯级水库联调使得径流量在19642004年间减少47.8%,19642019年间梯级水库减沙94.8%,梯级水库对输沙量影响远大于对径流量的影响。4)19802020年间,草地面积增加了1880.03 km 2,增幅3.1%,有利于减少输沙量,草地拦沙效益大于截流效益。
文摘为准确揭示密云水库流域径流变化的物理成因,基于降水、径流非平稳特征诊断结果,采用SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)水文模型,基于Budyko理论的弹性系数法和水量平衡法揭示该流域径流变化原因;对比验证各模型归因结果差异,进一步探究归因方法和基准期选择对流域径流变化归因结果的影响。结果表明:基于Budyko理论的水量平衡方法更适用于水利工程众多、跨流域调水活动频繁的密云水库流域径流变化归因计算;利用该方法进行分析,当基准期长度达到16年及以上时,流域径流变化归因分析结果逐渐趋于稳定,而基准期选取过短会高估人类活动对径流的减水效应;此外,基准期选取靠近研究初始时段时,计算得到人类活动的减水效应相对较大。综合考虑上述各因素的影响,认为人类活动是密云水库流域径流变化的主导因素;在变化期Ⅰ,其减水效应在-128.32%~-119.56%波动,在变化期Ⅱ,其对径流的削减作用为-75.58%~-70.70%。研究结果有助于提升对密云水库流域径流复杂演变规律和物理成因的科学认识。
文摘水库的建设和运行使得水库下游流量发生了显著改变,为了在月径流模拟中充分考虑水库的调蓄作用,选择东江流域作为典型流域,使用粒子群算法优化的长短期神经网络(Particle Swarm Optimization-Long Short Term Memory,PSO-LSTM)对东江流域的3个多功能水库枫树坝、新丰江、白盆珠水库的出流进行了模拟,并与传统的水库模型Level Pool Scheme(LPS)进行对比;使用三参数月度水文模型(Three-Parameter Monthly Hydrological Model Based on the Proportionality Hypothesis,TMPH)进行水库入流和区间来水模拟,与上述两种水库出流模型结合分别形成PSO-LSTM-TMPH和LPS-TMPH对东江流域重要站点龙川、河源、岭下、博罗进行预见期为一个月的径流模拟。结果表明:①PSO-LSTM在三大水库的模拟中效果均好于LPS,尤其在新丰江水库出流模拟中,在验证期的纳什效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency,NSE)、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)分别为0.59、55.59 m^(3)/s,相比LPS提高了0.22,降低了17.01 m^(3)/s,说明该模型可以很好地捕捉多年调节水库复杂的水库出流规则;②PSO-LSTM-TMPH模拟龙川站、河源站、岭下站、博罗站径流的NSE为0.87,0.86,0.91,0.93,相比LPS-TMPH,NSE提高了0.09、0.21、0.07、0.03;③在测试期内,PSO-LSTM-TMPH水库出流模拟效果仍然较好,相比训练期、验证期模拟效果差异小,说明模型的模型泛化能力较强。研究建立的PSOLSTM-TMPH混合模型可以结合深度学习和物理模型各自的优势,适用于人类活动干扰下的径流模拟,可为优化水资源利用、实施干旱调度等提供技术支撑。
