Design Research of New Rural Architecture and Courtyard Landscape in North Jiangsu Plain

In the research, buildings and landscapes in new countryside in northern Suzhou plain were explored and courtyard construction and landscape characteristics in Xuzhou were introduced and analyzed. Based on existing problems, some solu- tions were presented with consideration of natural resources and climates. Under guidance of sustainable development, a change is facilitated on the design thoughts to seek something new in design and practice, and some optimized schemes about building and landscapes were proposed as well.

Study on the Residential Planning and Design in Subu Town of Anhui Province

The scientific research theory of Chinese contemporary art residential environment were carried out from the aspects of the people-centered and ecological environment. This study absorbed the essence of Chinese local ecological of the residential environment, for the use of contemprorary design. Through the practice of residential planning in Subu Town of Anhui Province, based on the protection of rural environment, the research completed according to local conditions and strategies for sustainable development.

Village Centre Internal Resources Used for New Development

Villages historically have been founded around agriculture but farm land has greatly changed, mainly in the areas of the centralised conception of agriculture from the 1950s. Original parcelling, homestead composition and functional layouts have stopped being useful for current village inhabitants. The Czech Republic is an example of an area where this problem has appeared. According to the Czech Statistical Office, the number of inhabitants working in agriculture is now only 1%. Therefore, we need to concentrate on the village historic centre： the possibilities of restructuring and the definition of its potential and possibilities for new development. The internal resources of the village mentioned in this paper refer to the buildings, structures and land of the village centre core. The case studies worked out by the students of architecture in the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Czech Technical University in Prague from the 1990s were used for the research. Comparing designs can define these basic approaches to the new historic centre＇s use： a spatial solution--urban （non-invasive and invasive） and architectonical （reconstruction, traditional form with modern detail or completely modern design） and a functional solution. The research shown in the original historic village core offers enough opportunities for new usages and non-agricultural functions which are suitable for this area.

Vernacular Building Heritage in the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey

The eastern Black Sea Region, in Turkey, has a significantly authentic characteristic as regards to its rural architecture. The climate, geography, and local living culture in the region have developed an invaluable rural built environment in terms of cultural heritage, Thus, the architectural heritage of the region shows the perfect balance between the nature and human life, there is a need to understand the value of the vernacular architecture heritage in the region, The architecture is a response to functional requirements as well as environmental factors. Indeed, rural architectural of this region is a reflection of the cultural values of the society, behavioural patterns of the people and environmental factors from the past. In this study, the aim is understand and appreciate this heritage through systematic surveying and documentation in eastern Black Sea Region composed from Trabzon, Rize and Artvin Cities. Further aims are the establishment of an architectural typology based on the plan, faqade and site plan, and materials use, with the goal to develop guidelines for new buildings in the region.

Architectural typology of rural housing in Jaen,Peru

Jaén is one of the most important cities in the northern highlands of Peru due to its strategic location,commerce,and agricultural activities.Jaén has more than 185 thousand inhabitants,of which 48%live in rural areas,representing approximately 31 thousand rural housing.This research aims to determine the types of rural housing in Jaen,showing the possible variations and architectural manifestations due to the territorial and cultural characteristics.A field observation sheet has been used to study the rural dwellings of populated centres previously classified by altitudinal regions.The results show six architectural types of rural housing classified into two groups:"rural-residential housing"and"rural-agricultural housing"'These architectural types are generally located near water sources,within agricultural plots,and on hillsides.The architectural program is characterised by agricultural activity and family composition,which has grown over time.The most commonly used construction systems are"pirca"and"quincha"',using natural materials such as"ichu"and adobe.There is also evidence of cultural traditions rooted in the construction,such as"cambio de fuerzas""paracaico",and"minga".Therefore,the relevance of Jaen's rural housing is its geographical reading of the territory through the architectural and cultural legacy of these buildings.