Management Mode of Rural Credit Cooperatives

Cooperative financing, with existing problems involving legal person man-agement and property supervision is highly demanded by farmers in China. It is fea-sible to explore a shareholding system to resolve the management mode issue of rural credit cooperatives in order to introduce investments, formulate the right struc-ture for rational stock and to establish effective monitoring mechanism for property right. Hence, information issuing would be reinforced and a rural credit cooperative would be established to be a modern financial enterprise with transparent property rights.

Imbalance and Correction of the Rural Credit Cooperatives and Rural Economic Relations

This article expounds the manifestations of imbalance between the rural credit cooperatives and rural economic relations: the rural credit cooperatives fail to effectively promote economic development in rural areas; the rural economy is also incapable of effectively promoting the development of the rural credit cooperatives. It analyses the reasons for imbalance between the rural credit cooperatives and rural economic relations,including the direct reason (loss of function of the rural credit cooperatives) ,the fundamental reason (restricted economic development of agriculture and countryside and relative pauperization of farmers) ,and the deep-seated reason (sluggish rural economic development) . Corresponding countermeasures and proposals are put forward for promoting balanced development of the rural credit cooperatives and rural economy as follows: first, deepen reform of the rural credit cooperatives,strengthen the function of the rural credit cooperatives in serving the needs of agriculture; second, speed up economic development in rural areas,eliminate the economic constraints for the development of the rural credit cooperatives; third,transform the development pattern and the development strategies,foster the macro-institutional environment for balanced development of rural credit cooperatives and rural economy.

Cause Analysis of "Non-agricultural Trend" of Credit Cooperatives and Reversion Approaches

"Non-agricultural trend" of credit cooperatives is demonstrated as outflow of substantial contribution, application of credit fund in "non-agricultural sectors" and downsizing outlets. As a result, rural financial exclusion and insufficient effective supply of rural finance have been aggravated, and most rural households have been excluded from the service range of credit cooperatives. Major causes for such a trend were summarized as: (a) profit-driven nature of credit cooperatives; (b) conditionality of "agriculture, rural area and peasant" economy; (c) influence of macro-environment. It is proposed that credit cooperatives would only revert their focus to "agriculture, rural area and peasant" economy only if rural financial exclusion and economic restrictions on the development of credit cooperatives were removed, and the macro-environment was optimized.

Land Credit Cooperatives Help Construction of New Countryside

This article introduces the experience of Pingluo County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, where "land credit cooperatives" have thrived. Based on a survey of the background, function, business scope, structure, supportive policy and the performance of "land credit cooperatives", the author believes that the essence of the cooperative is a "land joint-stock cooperation organization" whose experience may be of particular relevance to the building of a "new socialist countryside".

Alienation of Rural Cooperative Finance and the Innovation of Financial Organization in China

Based on the elaboration of the content and status of rural cooperative finance, rural cooperative finance--the alienation of rural credit cooperative is introduced from three aspects of the concept and objective of management, the organizational form and management mode, and the service object and business scope. Causes of alienation are analyzed. Firstly, change in the economic foundation of cooperative finance is the fundamental reasons for the alienation. Secondly, mandatory system change led by the government is an important reason for alienation. Thirdly, property and administration structure of rural credit cooperative are the internal reasons for alienation of agricultural support. To achieve the innovation of rural cooperative financial organization, the following aspects should be done: cultivating the basis for rural cooperative economy, further promoting the reform of rural credit cooperatives (innovating a variety of property rights modes; making clear definition of ownership; implementing the internal governance structure), introducing competition in the field of rural cooperative finance, and homing function of government and rural cooperative finance.

普惠金融视角下供销合作社开展农村金融服务的调查研究——基于供销基层组织的问卷调查

推动我国普惠金融的高质量发展,需要加大对新型农业经营主体的金融保障力度,需要健全农村金融服务体系。供销合作社以为农服务为宗旨,不断提高普惠金融服务水平,在信用合作、产业贷款、农业供应链金融等方面取得了许多成果。本文基于全国的136份供销基层组织的调查数据,研究了基层组织提供农村金融服务的主要效果、存在的难点。结果发现,六成以上的基层组织已经开展金融服务,助农贷款、合作发展基金和涉农保险业务是主要服务内容,融资担保业务开始崛起,基层工作热情很高。然而,基层组织普遍对金融服务工作的职能定位认识不清晰,金融服务与供销业务的融合度不足,基层的发展基础相对薄弱。因此,基层组织要持续加强与金融机构的信用合作,以实体产业为支撑,打造“供销产融生态圈”,切实为基层主体提供普惠金融服务。

乡村振兴背景下农村信用社信贷业务创新路径

随着我国乡村振兴战略的实施,农村经济发展速度加快,农民生活质量大幅提升。农村信用社在农村地区发挥着重要的金融服务作用,但传统的信贷业务模式存在一些问题,如信息不对称、抵押物不足、供需不匹配等。因此,研究农村信用社信贷业务的创新路径,可以提高农村金融服务的效率和质量,促进农村经济发展。文章介绍了农村信用社信贷业务创新的背景与必要性,探讨了农村信用社信贷业务的创新路径,分析了农村信用社信贷业务存在的风险,提出了农村信用社信贷业务风险控制与监管措施,旨在为农村信用社提供有益的参考和指导,促进农村金融服务的可持续健康发展。

农村信用社不良资产审计研究

农村信用社不良贷款率较高,易引发金融风险。随着审计在防范各类风险时发挥的作用越来越显著,农村信用社不良资产审计也备受关注。文章通过介绍农村信用社不良资产的相关概念,分析现阶段农村信用社不良资产审计工作中存在的问题,探讨提高农村信用社不良资产审计水平的有效措施,以期加强对农村信用社不良资产的管理,维护农村信用社经营的稳定性。

农村信用社运行绩效与影响因素:西部地区311个样本

围绕农村信用社"高效、可持续地为农村经济发展服务"的组织目标,建立了农村信用社运行绩效的评价方法,并基于西部地区311个乡镇农村信用社的调查资料,运用排序多元选择模型对农村信用社运行绩效及影响因素进行了实证研究。结果显示,311个乡镇农村信用社的运行绩效整体处于中偏差的状态,与人力资本结构、农户信用体系建设、农村信用社的治理结构及运营方式相关的10个变量是影响运行绩效的重要因素。

中国农村信用社改革的全景式回顾、评价与思考

本文对2003年开始的新一轮农村信用社改革进行了全景式回顾、评价和理性思考,认为改革取得重要性阶段成果的同时,存在产权关系不清晰、内部人控制严重、省级联社履职行政化色彩浓厚、省级政府金融风险处置责任虚置、金融创新动力不足等问题,提出引进战略投资者以完善法人治理结构、构建分工合理相互制衡的履职组织架构以提高管理效率、建立以省级政府为出资主体的金融风险处置基金以强化责任约束、构建适度竞争的农村金融市场以促进金融创新等政策建议,藉此推动和全面实现改革目标。

我国农村中小企业融资问题与对策

我国农村中小企业融资难是一个现实存在的问题。造成农村中小企业融资难的大部分成因与政府的金融抑制政策导致农村信贷结构单一化和垄断化有关。本文对农村中小企业信贷供求、相关环境,政策与机制现状进行深入分析,提出重构农村金融政策改革、推进农村金融多元化的解决思路。

地方政府的介入与农信社信贷资源错配

随着农信社管理权重新划归地方政府,农信社的信贷行为出现了更为明显的"脱农变异"取向,而地方政府试图对农信社肆意改造和干预背后所暗含的内在隐忧也不容忽视。本文通过构建地方政府介入后的农信社信贷资源决策模型发现,当地方政府介入后,农信社的信贷资金供给会出现明显的"错配"现象,而"错配"的程度随着地方保护主义的强化而加重。通过引入外部金融监管机制,可以在一定程度上遏制地方政府的保护主义行为,减轻信贷资源"错配"程度。

利益不一致与农村信用社的发展和改革——基于新政治经济学视角

本文基于新政治经济学的理论,首次以利益不一致划分我国农村信用社的发展与改革为四个阶段:初始约束条件——利益不一致的形成阶段;利益主体多元化与“外部人干预——内部人控制”格局形成并不断强化阶段;转轨过程中农村信用社改革的初始前提条件形成阶段;当前试点方案中的“俘获行为”阶段。多元利益集团是指中央政府及其代表(监管部门)、地方政府、农业银行以及农村信用社的内部人,他们都是具有自利动机的主体,本文通过一个不完全信息静态博弈模型,阐释了在地方政府的干预和内部人控制下,农村信用社的不良资产形成而监管部门监管不力的过程,最后给出了改革能够进行的前提条件,评价现行试点方案,并展望未来发展方向。

影响农户借贷行为因素的对比分析——基于陕西省千阳县的实证分析

主流观点认为,我国经济不发达地区的农户借贷依赖于民间借贷,但是在对陕西省千阳县农户借贷行为进行实地调研后,得出结果表明,该地区农户对资金的需求主要是来自正规金融渠道,是从农村信用社获得资金支持。通过对比分析农户从农信社借贷与亲友借贷的行为,发现影响农户从农信社借贷的不利因素,以寻求从农村信用社和政府两方面来解决农户融资问题。

农村信用社与农村经济增长关系的实证分析

对农村信用社与农村经济增长之间关系的实证研究表明,农村信用社的发展对农村经济持续增长具有极大的促进作用。针对农村信用社发展中面临的问题,应进一步改革农信社的股权结构、强化农信社的退出机制、有效协调对农信社的监管等,以促进农信社的健康发展。

治理机制、高管特征与农村信用社经营绩效——以山东省为例的实证分析

公司治理机制和高管人员特征是影响农村信用社稳健经营和经济绩效的重要因素。本文对山东省133家农村信用社调查数据的实证研究表明,农信社公司治理与经营绩效负相关,高管人员的管理经验及任职年限与农村信用社的绩效正相关。此外,我们还发现,农村信用社规模与绩效正相关,创新程度与绩效负相关。

县域农村合作金融机构信贷风险的影响因素

运用随机效应的变截距回归模型,以陕西省104个县域农村合作金融机构的数据为例,对农村合作金融机构信贷风险的影响因素进行了实证研究。结果表明:农村居民人均纯收入、财政支农、农业贷款市场份额和机构治理水平提高,农村合作金融机构不良贷款率显著下降。地方政府财政赤字越大,农村合作金融机构不良贷款率越高。从发展农业现代化,扩大财政支农乘数效用,降低农村金融门槛,完善金融机构治理机制和规范地方政府融资渠道等方面提出政策建议。

完善农村资金互助社以满足农户信贷需求

由于农户信贷需求的特殊性,农村正规金融机构不能满足农户的信贷需求。而内生于农村经济的小型合作金融机构——农村资金互助社在加大农户信贷供给上具有与生俱来的制度上的优势。但当前我国农村资金互助社的生存与发展环境并不乐观,应当加大政府的扶持力度,完善农村资金互助社的运作机制,充分发挥其在农村信贷中的优势。

农村信用社改革进程演进：1996-2005

农村信用社十年改革成效明显，但也存在改革目标定位不够理性、缺乏突破性改革成效、“支农”日益空洞化、潜在信贷风险较大等缺陷。对此，应加快合作金融立法，坚持“存量改造”与“增量发展”两条腿走路，积极发展多元化、适度竞争的农村金融组织体系，积极构建多种配套改革机制。

二三十年代华北乡村合作社的借贷活动

合作社是２０世纪２０～３０年代华北乡村经济组织的新现象，它的产生是乡村借贷关系转型和近代化的标志。合作社借贷有利于农民的生产经营，推动了乡村经济的发展，但其活动也有严重的缺陷。