The Impact of Urban and Rural Education Gap on Student Achievement Differences

With our country’s social development,the gap between urban and rural education has become increasingly obvious,especially the difference in student achievement.This study aims to explore the impact of the urban-rural education gap on student achievement.The study adopts a quantitative analysis method to collect and analyze the academic performance,learning resources,and social resources of urban and rural students.The results show that the unbalanced distribution of educational resources in urban and rural areas is the key factor leading to the gap in students’achievement.For example,urban education resources are abundant while rural education resources are relatively scarce.At the same time,the difference in social environment and family economic status also have a significant impact on student achievement.The differences between urban and rural areas,particularly in terms of family economic conditions and their ability to invest in education,further widen the gap between urban and rural education.The results of this study can provide a reference for reducing the gap between urban and rural education and improving the academic performance of rural students.A fair education policy is essential to narrow the gap between urban and rural education resources distribution,so as to improve the equality of education in society.

Research on the Balanced Development of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education Through Education Resource Allocation

With the rapid development of our country’s economy,education has gradually become the focus of social attention.The problem of unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources has become increasingly prominent,urban educational resources are relatively rich,while rural educational resources are relatively scarce,and the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education has become an urgent task.This paper mainly investigates and studies the distribution of urban and rural educational resources,discusses the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources and analyzes the reasons,and puts forward a series of corresponding solutions to promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.

Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Participation of University Students in Rural Education for Poverty Alleviation

The principle of“poverty alleviation first helps the poor”is fundamental to poverty alleviation through education in rural areas.It serves as an important foundation for improving the soft power of rural culture and promoting the development of rural cultural construction.However,college students,being one of the main participants in educational poverty alleviation,have not been equipped with a well-established institutionalized participation mechanism and a sufficient awareness of participation.To enhance college students’awareness and participation in rural education and poverty alleviation and to improve the institutionalization,this research focuses on college students as a group,delves into the current situation and willingness of college students to participate in rural education and poverty alleviation,and analyzes the influencing factors affecting college students’participation in rural education and poverty alleviation by means of a questionnaire and a computerized statistical algorithm.Lastly,based on mathematical and statistical analysis,the research puts forward corresponding optimization countermeasures and suggestions from the perspectives of the government,colleges and universities,and villages,so as to provide decision-making guidelines for solving the problems of rural education development and talent constraints.

Analysis on the Causes of Existing Problems of Professional Knowledge of Western Rural Teachers Under the Urban and Rural Educational Planning Background

This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems of western rural teachers, and refers to the educational literature materials in western rural areas. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is known that the professional knowledge status of western rural teachers is worrying, and the reason is mainly caused by the location, policy, economy, society, continuing education and teachers＇ own factors.

Impact of Village-based Health Education of Tobacco Control on the Current Smoking Rate in Chinese Rural Areas

The number of smokers in Chinese rural areas is more than 200 million, which is twice that in cities. It is very significant to carry out tobacco control interventions in rural areas. We performed this community intervention study to evaluate the efficacy of village-based health education of tobacco control on the male current smoking rate in rural areas. The population of this study was the males above 15 years old from 6 villages in rural areas. The villages were randomly assigned to intervention group or control group（3 villages in each group）. Self-designed smoking questionnaire was applied. The intervention group received the village-based health education of tobacco control for one year. The primary outcome measurement was the male current smoking rate. In the baseline investigation, completed surveys were returned by 814 male residents from the control group and 831 male residents from the intervention group. The male current smoking rate in the control group and the intervention group was 61.2% and 58.5%, respectively, before intervention. There was no significant difference between these two groups（P〉0.05）. After one-year intervention, the current smoking rate in the intervention group（51.2%） was significantly lower than that in the control group（62.8%）（P〈0.001）. Our study suggested that the village-based health education of tobacco control was effective in lowering the male current smoking rate in rural areas, which could be a suitable and feasible way for tobacco control in the Chinese rural areas.

Analysis; of the Ideological and Political Education in Rural New Era

Since the reform and opening up, many problems has exposed in the spiritual and cultural fields of China＇s rural economic, especially in terms of ideological and political work in rural areas lagged behind the overall level of economic development. Based on the current situation through the development of a new stage of socialist ideological and political education in rural areas in-depth analysis on how effficient, this article targeted to carry out ideological and political education in rural areas put forward suggestions.

Analysis of the Impact of Unequal Distribution of Educational Resources in Rural Areas of China on Educational Equity

This paper examines the unequal distribution of educational resources in rural areas of China and its impact on educational equity.Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature,case studies,and statistical data,the research identifies key disparities in areas such as teacher-to-student ratios,educational infrastructure,and educational attainment.The study also explores the long-term effects of these disparities on social mobility and economic development in rural regions.Drawing on international experiences from countries like Finland,South Korea,and Brazil,the paper offers policy recommendations and a practical pathway for reform.These include enhancing investment in rural education,improving teacher recruitment and retention,standardizing the curriculum,leveraging technology,strengthening early childhood education,and promoting lifelong learning opportunities.The paper concludes with a call to action for policymakers,educators,and community leaders to work collaboratively towards achieving educational equity and social justice in China.

Human Capital of Family and Social Mobility in Rural Areas-Evidence from China

This research focuses on the impact of family＇s human capital on social mobility in China＇s rural community.Empirical research is conducted based on data from surveying a typical rural community in the past 20 yr.The study indicates that social mobility in rural area is active in the past 20 yr,and the human capital of family,represented by primary labor＇s education level,has played an essential role in mobility of low social class.Meanwhile,socio-economic development and the change of supply and demand in labor market dims the signaling role of degree education,but the impact of occupational training is increasingly remarkable.Therefore,the change from sole degree education to multi-leveled education including occupational education and training is a main way for China＇s rural families in low class to realize social mobility.

Health Training Needs at Primary Care Level Health Facilities in Rural Western Uganda

Introduction: Continual education is recognized worldwide as a tool for the professional development of health care practitioners. It is however effective when the training targets the appropriate needs of the target beneficiaries. This study was therefore aimed at identifying priority training needs of Primary Care Level health professionals in rural Western Uganda. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey among 35 rural community health facilities represented by their managers in rural Western Uganda. Participants were invited to Mbarara University of Science and Technology and responded to a self-administered questionnaire and also participated in qualitative group discussions guided by Facilitators from the Community Based Education and Research Services unit within the Community Health Department of Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Priority health training needs were determined based on the computed weighted scores. Results: The majority of managers of rural primary care level health facilities were medical officers by the level of training (51.43%) and male by gender (68.57%). Priority health training needs identified were child health and maternal health with total weighted scores of 12.0 and 10.9 respectively. Qualitatively, emerging themes included;leadership and management, and supervisory roles during student field attachments. Conclusion: Priority health training needs at rural Primary Care level health facilities were child health, maternal health, leadership and management, and supervisory skills. There is dire need to train rural primary care level, health professionals. In-service training based on identified needs should be offered by MUST in partnership with regional stakeholders. This is likely to enhance the quality of services provided by rural primary care level health facilities.

The Reasons of Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas in China and its Policy Suggestions

This paper points out that one of the main reasons for income gap between urban and rural areas in china is difference of human capital reserve on education which are decided by Chinese government＇s urban area privileged policy and the current education system. This paper also compares the different human capital reserve in two area, and analyzes the under-qualified human capital reserve in rural areas is resulted by these following reasons： The shortage of public spending in compulsory education for several decades has contributed to low school attendance and the great illiteracy beyond urban areas; the inefficient educational system has caused peasants to lose interest in education; No support for adult education has closed the doors for adults to earn money in non-agricultural industries. Vocational schools cannot attract the huge number of potential customers since their curricula and skills are out of date. As policy suggestions, governments should invest enough money in compulsory rural education, and creating a pragmatic rural education system is also vital.

A Spatial Supply-Demand Imbalance Between Rural Primary and Secondary Schools in Shaanxi Province Based on Road Network Analysis

It is of great significance to optimize the spatial matching of basic education facilities in rural areas and promote the equalization of urban and rural basic public services and the overall revitalization of rural areas.Based on the theory of spatial accessibility and spatial balance of supply and demand,this paper constructs the evaluation system of rural basic education facilities and layout rationality.In this study,we took 42 primary and secondary schools and 2089 rural areas with concentrated population in six township areas of Hancheng City as the research subjects.We used ArcGIS network analysis,population coupling model,and other methods,from the administrative scale and rural population concentration area scale for evaluation.The accessibility of basic education facilities and its coupling relationship with the spatial distribution of student population describe the spatial and geographical pattern of basic education facilities in rural areas.The results show that the accessibility of rural administrative scale and the spatial balance of supply and demand of population concentration area scale are associated with great problems,the differences between towns are obvious,and the overall level of the best performing towns is still low.On the scale of population concentration area,the overall coupling degree is too low,the"dislocation"distribution of educational facilities and student population is obvious,and the matching degree of the student population and school in different towns is significantly different,showing a more obvious"core-periphery"spatial structure characteristics centered on the eastern and southeast regions.The terrain characteristics of rural areas in Shaanxi province are prominent,and the accessibility of the road network is particularly significant.Therefore,optimizing the construction of rural roads and optimizing school layout according to local conditions will become an important solution to promote the balanced allocation of basic education resources in Shaanxi province.

Promoting Compulsory Education in Rural China:What Are the NPOs Doing?

Due to imbalanced social and economic development,education in poverty-stricken rural areas in China is lagging behind that of urban areas.The current study explores the role of the nonprofit organizations(NPOs)involved in rural compulsory education promotion.Results show that the NPOs are providing a variety of programs to promote rural compulsory education,and the types of programs,as well as their implementation strategies and impact,are influenced by their registration statuses and background characteristics.Due to lack of coordination and skills,there still remain service gaps,and the quality of the existing programs is questionable.The article proposes strategies to strengthen the nonprofit sector’s work in rural compulsory education.

Is Free Teacher Education Worth 10 Years In Rural China?

Cash-strapped students desperate to get top quality education now have an opportunity to realize their dream.But there’s a catch.Through a new initiative,students can opt for free education at

Rural Girls Seek Education in Beijing

SINCE the policy of reform and opening was implemented in China, the Chinese farmers who toiled in the fields for thousands of years have been awakened. They have surged into large and medium-sized towns and developed areas. Now they earn more money than ever and have a chance to see the world. Many of these people are women. A new trend is quietly emerging among young women from farming communities who have traveled to

Short-Term Volunteer Teachers in Rural China:Challenges and Needs

The brain-drain caused by imbalanced economic development has produced a lack of qualified teachers in rural China.Short-term volunteer teaching has emerged as a response.Despite the popularity of such programs,little systematic data have been gathered regarding their strengths and weaknesses.A short-term volunteer teaching program was studied.The volunteer teachers’characteristics and teaching experience in the program were explored.It was found that volunteers did not receive sufficient training or support from the agency.Therefore,they experienced substantial challenges on site and suffered from burnout.Based on the volunteer teachers’opinions and agency staff’s suggestions,the authors propose ways to improve short-term volunteer teaching programs in China.

Portraits of Principals in Chinese Urban and Rural Schools:A Comparative Analysis

This paper reports findings from a comparative study of urban vs.rural school principals in China.It is an extension and replication of an earlier study on the profiles and preparation of school leaders in the US and China.The study illustrates modern portraits-demographic characteristics of urban and rural principals in China,explores their entry perspectives and examines their professional commitment to principalship as a lifelong career.Findings from the comparative study indicate that urban and rural school principals in China differ greatly in their profiles and characteristics.They share similar intrinsic or extrinsic reasons for becoming principals,but they also vary on some key reasons.Unfortunately,most of the principals in our study are not firmly committed to principalship as a lifelong career because of a range of disturbing factors.Findings from this study shed new light on the profiles and preparation of educational leaders in China and offer thoughtful recommendations for change to both Chinese and international education community.

Sociology of Education in China in the New Era:Review and Prospects(2012-2022)

Purpose:This study provides an overview of the changes and developments of the sociology of education in China as it enters the new era as well as its future outlook.Design/Approach/Methods:This study combed and analyzed research in the field of the sociology of education in China during the period from 2012 to 2022 on three issues—educational fairness,rural education,and educational reform-to clarify the field's research characteristics and trends.Findings:In the new era,scholarship on the sociology of education has shifted to focus on achieving high-quality education,modernization,and digitization as new avenues for promoting educational fairness,rural education,and educational reform.As a result,research on the sociology of education in China has employed broader perspectives,adopted a more reflexive approach toward research objects,and embraced more humanistic values.OriginalityValue:This study compiles research on the sociology of education in China in the new era and identifies that the field is moving toward a highly integrative approach.The findings provide useful references for learning and understanding the sociology of education in China.