Research on the Development of Rural Family Farm: A Case Study of Shandong Province in China

In recent years, the rural family farms in Shandong Province of China have been developing very fast. They have achieved remarkable economic effects on improving the technical and equipment level of agricultural production, farmers’ professional quality, the efficiency of land production and farmers’ income-increase, etc. However, there also exist the problems of non-smooth land transfer, unclear farm recognition-standard, more difficult loan-financing, imperfect social service and so on. This paper suggests that measures should be taken to deepen the reform of the rural land system, perfect the land transfer mechanism, clarify the family farms confirmed standards, improve the family farms and financing system, perfect the socialized service system, and thus create a relaxed environment and conditions for the development of family farms in order to promote its healthy development.

Investment risk of rural family education: From the persepective of educational cost and income

With the implementation of the policy of popularization of education, rural families make the choice of interests and behavior decisions through the calculation of their own benefits and costs, and gradually become the main body of rural education investment decisions. The relationship between educational cost and income plays a major role in the rural family education investment. Based on the current situation of rural education in our country, this paper focuses on the risk of rural education investment and rural education costs and benefits, and then puts forward scientific, operational measures and suggestions.

Photographer Follows Progress of Rural Family

<Abstact> the 1994 Spring Festival Party held by China Central Television, a press photographer and the four large photos he had on display became one of the highlights of the event. The photos were taken in 1950, 1963, 1979 and 1994, respectively of an ordinary rural family in Zhejiang Province. They were selected from nearly 1,000 photos taken by the photographer on more than 50 visits to this family. They trace the changes of an ordinary Chinese family and vividly illustrate the historical changes that have taken place in New China. The photographer was Xu Yonghui, a senior reporter with Zhejiang Daily. In this issue we feature a few of his photos and a report which testify to those changes.

Human Capital of Family and Social Mobility in Rural Areas-Evidence from China

This research focuses on the impact of family＇s human capital on social mobility in China＇s rural community.Empirical research is conducted based on data from surveying a typical rural community in the past 20 yr.The study indicates that social mobility in rural area is active in the past 20 yr,and the human capital of family,represented by primary labor＇s education level,has played an essential role in mobility of low social class.Meanwhile,socio-economic development and the change of supply and demand in labor market dims the signaling role of degree education,but the impact of occupational training is increasingly remarkable.Therefore,the change from sole degree education to multi-leveled education including occupational education and training is a main way for China＇s rural families in low class to realize social mobility.

Urban-rural Unification of Standard of Special Subsidy for Families Practicing Family Planning

According to news from the website of National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on April 17,Ministry of Finance and NHFPC recently issued Opinions on Further Improving the Input Mechanism in Family Planning,

Impact of Labor Mobility and College Volunteers' Fixed-position Teaching Experience on Rural Households——Based on Survey Data about Teaching Sites and Volunteer Teachers

With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up,the gap between urban and rural areas continues to widen,and many farmers in rural areas have chosen to work in cities in order to get out of poverty. At the same time,in the context of the policy of precise poverty alleviation and rural rejuvenation,various helping and supporting measures for rural areas have also emerged. Supporting education in universities is one of the most important ones. With the Graduate Teaching Fellowship of Huazhong Agricultural University and the students and parents in the teaching sites as research objects,the impact of labor mobility and fixed-position supporting education in rural areas on rural families was explored in this paper using economics,sociology and other relevant theories and analytical methods. The results showed that labor mobility can promote the increase of rural household economic income. Outbound industries and regions have a major impact on the entire family development. However,the outflow of labor can also lead to various problems such as staying behind. The fixed-position supporting education in colleges and universities can,on the one hand,promote the improvement of the academic performance of the students in the teaching areas. On the other hand,it can help students develop good habits. Fixed-position supporting education of colleges and universities can be seen as a way to make up for the outflow of labor in rural areas. Combining the flow of labor force with the teaching support of colleges and universities can better promote the development of the entire family of farmers in rural areas.

Nutrition and Healthcare for Children from Rural Tibetan Households

Three major programs have been implemented in rural Tibetan areas in order to improve children's nutrition and healthcare,namely antenatal care,infant and young child feeding,as well as school feeding.In terms of effectiveness of service provision,the school feeding program has been put into practice more effectively than the other two for two reasons.First,rural Tibetan families are accustomed to traditional infant and young child feeding practices.Secondly,the lack of incentives for healthcare workers and the shortage of funding have hindered the provision of healthcare to rural families.Therefore,this paper proposes an adjustment of the incentive structure for healthcare providers,a fortification of the village level network of healthcare services,an improvement in the approach to healthcare education for farmers and herders,and the coordination of training courses targeted at the officials and service teams of the healthcare system.

Nutritional Situation of Rural Communities in Narino,Colombia 2013

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional situation by anthropometry of the rural families population aged 0 to 64 years in the municipalities of Pasto, Túquerres, Guachucal, Cumbal and Cuaspud in the Nari?o Department (Colombia). Materials and Methods: As part of the research “Improving potato production as a food security contribution of native communities in Nari&#241;o, Colombia”, aged October and December in 2013, an initial diagnosis of the food security situation in farmer families was conducted, through direct visits to the households selected in the sample, where in the household members, after standardization of field team, the anthropometric measures of weight and height were taken, using electronic scales, infantometers and stadiometers. Conclusions: A significant stunting was reported in children up to 7 years. In children aged 0 - 5 years group and children aged 5 - 17 years group, the results exceed by more than double the department data (according to National Survey of the Nutritional Situation in Colombia ENSIN 2010), and almost three times the national data. The underweight was generally low in all the analysed groups, although concerned the significant overweight percentage. In children aged 0 - 5 years group, the overweight data (above 2 SD) exceeded twice the department and national data according to the ENSIN 2010, although in the children aged 5 - 17 years group, the overweight and obesity was lower than the departmental and national data. In adults, the results reported that one of each two people in the range of 18 to 64 years in the five municipalities had excess weight (overweight or obesity) which was similar data respected to the department and national data. Additionally, it was noted that 18% of households were found among adults with overweight, and simultaneously, children with stunting, this situation has been called double burden of malnutrition and this is an aspect that must be analysed to identify intervention strategies.

Social differentiation by age group and resource difficulties encountered in the rural system of family support for the elderly

This paper focuses on social equity issues among different age groups and generations in rural society and rural families in China. The researchers describe the material and social living condition of the elderly in rural areas, pointing out their relative poverty and the structural contradiction between the deterioration in their quality of life and socioeconomic position and the gradual improvement overall in rural living standards. They see this as evidence of social differentiation based on age and generation. The paper further provides an analysis of the resource difficulties encountered by the system of family support for the elderly that illustrates how economic, social and cultural developments affect the lives, power and rights of the elderly through changes in the rural family system and intergenerational familial relations.

Chinese Rural Women's Decision-Making Status in Family

THE decision-making status of rural women in families is an important aspect which reflects the degree of their participation in development. Implementation of the Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women represent over the past 10 years has witnessed the gradual maturation of the production-related contract responsibility system in Chinese rural areas. Family functions have been further strengthened in both productive and social development in basic units such as production, consumption and trade. The period has been an important time for the rapid development of Chinese