Role of self-help groups on socioeconomic development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among rural women in Cooch Behar District,India

This study examines the transformative role of self-help groups(SHGs)in the socioeconomic development of rural women in Cooch Behar District,India,and their contribution toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations.In this study,we explored the effect of SHGs on rural women by specifically addressing SDGs,such as no poverty(SDG 1),zero hunger(SDG 2),good health and well-being(SDG 3),quality education(SDG 4),and gender equality(SDG 5).Given this issue,a cross-sectional survey and comparison analyses are needed to assess the socioeconomic development of rural women and their awareness level before and after the participation of rural women in SHGs.The survey conducted as part of this study was divided into three sections,namely,demographic characteristics,socioeconomic development,and awareness level,with each focusing on different aspects.A group of 400 individuals who were part of SHGs completed the questionnaire survey form.The results showed that the participation of rural women in SHGs significantly improved their socioeconomic development and awareness level,as supported by both mean values and t test results.Memberships in SHGs and microcredit programs were the major elements that boosted the socioeconomic development of rural women,which also achieves SDGs 1,2,3,4,and 5.This study revealed that participation in SHGs and related financial services significantly aided rural women in economically disadvantaged communities in accumulating savings and initiating entrepreneurial ventures.Moreover,participation in SHGs was instrumental in enhancing the self-confidence,self-efficacy,and overall self-esteem of rural women.Finally,doing so enabled them to move more freely for work and other activities and to make family and common decisions.

Diabetes group medical visits and outcomes of care in low-income, rural, uninsured persons

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of Diabetes Group Medical Visits (DGMVs) verses usual care in a sample of low-income patients with diabetes receiving care at a rural free clinic. Methods: Data were collected through chart review, using direct data entry into Microsoft Access. Participants were included if they met the inclusion criteria: 1) age ≥ 18 years;2) diagnosis of diabetes;3) uninsured and received care between May 2007 and August 2009. Fifty-three participants attended DGMVs and were compared to 58 participants who received usual care. Results: The personal characteristics and biophysical measures of this population differed from previously studied Group Visit populations. The majority of patients were female (73.9%), white (95.5%), younger than 50 (53.2%), driving long distances to receive care (mean miles = 21, SD 20.4) and had a high school education or less (95.4%). Participants were severely obese (mean BMI = 37.6, SD 28.48) and had 5 co-morbid conditions other than diabetes (mean = 5.5, SD 2.1). Those attending DGMVs had higher baseline A1C, depression scores, BMIs, and more pain than usual care. There was a statistically significant decrease in systolic pressure from time one to time two in patients who attended DGMVs t(52) = 2.18, (p = 0.03). There was no significant impact on outcomes of patients who received usual care. However, it is important to note that the majority of patients attended three or fewer DGMVs visits in one year. Conclusion: Group visits may not be enough to improve outcomes in this population. Previous studies suggest that improvements are seen in those who attend more frequently. Hence, the lack of improvement in biophysical outcomes may be due to low attendance. The limited impact of this traditional style intervention in relation to low attendance argues the need to test alternative interventions to reach this population.

A Study on Influencing Factors of Happiness of Urban Low-income Groups

With the completion of the strategic vision of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way in 2020,China’s economic development has entered a new normal.The concept of innovative,coordinated,green,open and shared development will lead China’s economic progress and development.However,the development of urban and rural areas and regions in China is still not coordinated,and the sudden COVID-19 outbreak has caused a serious impact on urban low-income groups.Due to the characteristics of poor employment stability,low income and single source,as well as greater family pressure of urban low-income groups,the author focuses on the influencing factors of their feelings of happiness.This paper assumes that the satisfaction degree of residents’needs is positively correlated with residents’feelings of happiness.Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory,this paper analyzes the factors that may affect the happiness of urban low-income groups in five levels,and explores the special needs and difficulties of urban low-income groups in the context of the epidemic.So as to find ways to improve the happiness of urban low-income people to provide reference.

Achieving Consensus on Continuing Professional Development Priorities for Registered Nurses in Rural and Remote India through Nominal Group Technique

Background: Nurses can often be key frontline healthcare professionals working in remote and rural settings due to resource constraints including an acute shortage of medical practitioners. The provision of regular and appropriate Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to support nurses to be able to provide effective health care therefore becomes even more significant in these settings. Engagement and “buy in” from relevant stakeholders at an organisational level is a critical step to ensure CPD provision for nurses. Objectives: The overall aim was to achieve consensus on CPD for registered nurses working in remote and rural settings among key stakeholders using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). The objectives were to identify stakeholders’ perspectives on the priorities for CPD training for registered nurses;the preferred modes of delivery for CPD and perceived barriers and facilitators for CPD access. Methods: NGT was used as a qualitative method with key organisational stakeholders in several iterative stages in the form of a workshop. Results: 22 senior healthcare professionals involved in medical and nursing education representing north, northeast, central India and the state of Karnataka in South India participated in the workshop. Three key findings emerged from this study: priorities of CPD;preferred modes of CPD delivery;barriers and facilitators to CPD access. Conclusion: Engagement with key stakeholders to identify CPD priorities can help facilitate strategic planning and provision of relevant and accessible CPD programmes for nurses working within remote and rural health care contexts in India.

数字反哺视域下农村老年群体数字融入及治理策略

农村老年群体数字融入影响着整个社会数字化水平的提高。从农村老年群体数字实践主体地位出发,在尊重老年群体“数字拒绝”意愿之上,从微观能动层面探究其数字融入中的障碍并从数字反哺视角提出治理策略,助力农村老年群体数字融入的同时驳斥将不接受数字技术的老年群体统一贴上“数字难民”负面标签的行为。研究发现,个体生理社会因素的客观制约、自我动机效能的主观限制、孱弱的家庭反哺支持力度、社会媒介形象的负面呈现、数字陷阱与数字信任的牵绊成为影响农村老年群体数字接受意愿,阻碍其数字融入的障碍,而通过正视老年数字融入上的增长优势、营造适度压力型学习环境来积极重构数字反哺大环境,同时通过塑造良好的数字反哺家庭氛围及推动数字技能与数字素养齐头并进等方式营造家庭反哺小生态,为提升老年群体幸福感和重构和谐家庭代际关系提供参考。

乡村振兴战略视角下职业院校现代农业专业群建设的必要性及其实践路径探索

在乡村振兴战略背景下,农业职业教育面临新的机遇与挑战。该文研究职业院校现代农业专业群建设的必要性,提出构建产教融合功能体系,明确农业职业院校在其中的功能定位。研究强调校企合作在人才培养中的关键作用,并探讨优化专业设置、课程体系和师资队伍的实践策略。政府政策支持、社会参与合作及质量监控与评估机制也是保障专业群建设可持续发展的关键。该文旨在为农业职业教育创新与发展提供参考,推动乡村振兴战略实施。通过系统梳理相关理论和政策依据,为职业院校服务乡村振兴提供借鉴和参考,引发对乡村振兴和职业教育发展的关注和思考。

农村扩中群体的家庭财务报表识别机制研究:基于浙江共同富裕先行示范区的实践探索

基于家庭财务报表构建扩中群体识别机制对提高财政支持政策的精准性、加快实现共同富裕具有重要意义。在厘清浙江省现有扩中群体识别机制构建取得的进展与存在的不足的基础上,梳理农业经营主体家庭财务报表的编制探索、应用进展及对扩中群体识别的启示,进而提出基于家庭财务报表改进扩中群体识别指标的思路和完善识别机制的建议。分析表明,现有实践从财产、社保、职业、收入等维度构建相对富裕群体的识别指标体系并运用排除法锁定扩中群体有其合理性和推广价值,但还面临标准设置权威性与精准性欠佳、指标选取不足、缺乏动态修正机制等挑战。浙江省农业融资担保有限公司探索编制了农业经营主体家庭财务报表,对完善扩中群体识别机制产生有益启发。基于家庭财务报表识别扩中群体存在关键收入与支出数据缺乏、资产价值评估标准难统一、线下数据采集质量不高、数据动态更新与共享机制滞后等不足。鉴于此,从排除法指标调整、修正类指标补充和直接类指标拣选3个方面提出改进扩中群体识别的可能思路,并从完善农村家庭财务报表设计、改进家庭结构画像和经济画像规则、强化数字化支撑、完善配套支撑机制等方面提出政策建议。

基于Gross理论的农村青年群体心理类APP交互设计研究

目的基于Gross理论解决农村青年大学生心理问题,以APP为载体与用户进行互动从而调节用户情绪。方法通过文献研究、问卷调查和用户访谈,对当代农村青年大学生心理问题进行深入分析和研究,进而从Gross情绪调节理论的角度,对农村青年大学生在不同情境下的情绪状态进行深入挖掘,从而进行需求分析,逐步转化为对应的功能点,并基于Gross理论和APP交互设计构建模型来输出设计方案。最后,运用李克特五分量表进行方案的可用性评估,并采用积极情绪与消极情绪量表(PANAS)进行用户积极情绪变化的验证。结论将Gross情绪调节理论引入心理类APP的交互设计中,创造出一款情绪调节的APP。经过用户测试,能够有效改善用户的情绪问题,帮助他们更好地管理情绪,同时也为其他同类APP的设计提供了参考和借鉴。另外,在研究过程中,验证了Gross理论的有效性和设计策略的合理性,为今后的进一步推广和理论应用提供了借鉴。

治权分配:村组关系的类型化实践与村级治理塑造机制

村组关系作为村庄治理的基础性环节,制约着村级治理的水平与效能。基于鄂、桂、晋三地的田野调查发现,村组关系呈现三种实践形态:“村强组弱”结构、“组强村弱”结构以及“村组均衡”结构。村组关系的类型化实践遵循三重逻辑,即以村庄社会关联为核心的社会逻辑、以集体产权配置为核心的经济逻辑及以行政介入为核心的行政逻辑,三者分别形塑出村组不同的治理能力。由此,行政村与村民小组的治理功能差异根源于其资源配置能力的差异,本质上是村庄治权在村组之间的不同分配。作为村庄治权的主体,村组共同构成村级治理不可分割的完整性单元,村组之间的治权分配是理解村级治理差异的关键。

基于乡村学生学习意愿的研支团志愿服务路径探索

乡村学生是研支团志愿服务的直接对象,乡村学生学习需要及其满足是衡量研支团乡村教育志愿服务质量的重要镜鉴。为进一步提高研支团的乡村教育服务质量,本研究以把握乡村学生的学习意愿及其影响因素为目标,以四川省内研支团2个服务县的部分乡村师生、家长为调查对象,运用测量、访谈、编码等扎根理论分析方法,归纳出乡村学生的16个真实学习需要,揭示了7个对乡村学生学习意愿产生关键影响的因素。以乡村学生学习意愿影响因素为前提,研支团志愿服务工作应注重培训过程调控和培训质量保障,充分利用云端技术优势,设计并开展主题实践活动,完善乡村学生学习的社会支持网络,从而更好地促进乡村教育可持续发展。

党建引领推动村民小组规范化建设研究——基于湛江市的实证分析

村民小组作为农村自治管理的最基本单元,是农村基层组织的基础,也是农村各项工作中的基层支撑力量,在乡村治理乃至整个国家治理中发挥着不可替代的作用。然而,由于主客观因素的影响,当前在推进村民小组规范化建设中,还存在着一些不容忽视的问题。对此,文章结合湛江市的实践,针对新形势新问题,提出要以党建引领为核心,重点从织密组织体系、强化法治建设、培养治理能力、健全选举制度、联动监督管理、发展集体经济六个方面探索规范村民小组运作,健全农村基层党组织领导下充满活力的村民自治机制,为新时代乡村全面振兴提供坚强政治保证和组织保证。

空巢背景下农民群体的惠农信息传播行为实证研究

[目的/意义]基于空巢化乡村农民群体分众化的视角,调查守巢、两栖和离巢等三类农民群体惠农信息传播行为的特征,探究农民群体之间传播行为的差异性。[研究设计/方法]研究框架和问卷设计基于创新信息传播的5阶段模型,利用SPSS的CV变异对不同阶段的各农民群体在惠农信息传播中的行为特征进行统计分析和比较。[结论/发现]不同农民群体在惠农信息传播的认知、决策、执行等阶段的行为存在差异,并根据分析结论提出相应对策以提高农民的惠农信息传播效能。[创新/价值]将惠农信息传播受众扩展至非农“农民”,三类型农民群体划分的思想,为政府差异化服务策略提供新依据。

乡村数字弱势群体的生成机理与帮扶路径

数字技术赋能乡村治理新模式,并为农村居民释放数字红利。作为一项新的技术,数字技术在嵌入农村社会过程中也导致不同社会群体在数字技术相关领域的利益分化。乡村数字弱势群体是在数字技术与乡土文化结合失衡、数字包容的不当配置与双重弱势、数字空间话语权失衡与边缘化的相互作用下生成的。因此,需要构建以人民为中心价值理念为引领、以强化企业社会责任为抓手、以制度建设和增权赋能为手段的乡村数字弱势群体帮扶机制,从而实现乡村数字红利的普惠效应,以数字乡村建设助力乡村振兴。

寒门何以出贵子:农村低收入群体收入跃升的机会不平等

机会平等是实现低收入群体收入跃升的重要前提。本文基于2015—2021年中国社会状况综合调查数据,将“环境—努力”机会均等分析框架引入农村低收入群体收入跃升的影响因素研究中,采用相异指数衡量农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的收入机会不平等程度,运用非参数条件推断树方法测算农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的机会不平等系数,并进一步讨论了环境因素对农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的机会不平等的直接影响和间接影响。研究发现:2015—2021年,农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的机会不平等系数为0.2356—0.2925,说明农村居民收入跃升的机会不平等程度较高;农村低收入群体性别差异对机会不平等的影响最大,其次是地区和年龄。随着时间的变化,户口迁移和父母务农的农村低收入群体,机会差异对农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的影响逐渐增加;环境因素通过教育渠道和就业渠道间接影响农村低收入群体陷入低收入状态的收入机会不平等的贡献度为43.34%—55.65%,其中,教育渠道的贡献度为34.34%—43.87%,就业渠道的贡献度仅有6.07%—14.26%。本文的研究结论为更好地保障农村低收入群体发展机会平等,助力农村低收入群体收入跃升提供了理论依据。

中国中等收入群体规模测度与变动趋势分析

中等收入群体规模的壮大,是共同富裕的重要标志。在梳理相关研究,尝试将官方数据按还原法进行处理后,以多种方法按绝对标准和相对标准测算和比较了中国整体、城乡之间及地区之间中等收入群体的规模差异和变化,发现在考察期内伴随经济增长按绝对标准的中等收入群体规模大幅提升,而按相对标准的中等收入群体规模总体呈现先下降后上升的趋势,与基尼系数变动方向相反并呈现规律性;对城乡分别考察发现中等收入群体绝大部分集中于城镇,近些年城乡差距较为稳定,甚至有缩小态势;通过比较分析各省区数据发现省际差异明显,中等收入群体规模与各省区生产总值呈明显正相关;三大地区比较也差别明显,但相互间分配格局有改善趋势;据此所做趋势预测表明,通过艰苦努力至2035年全国中等收入群体比重有望大幅提升。

乡村振兴背景下乡村优秀教师群体特征与支持策略

乡村优秀教师是推动乡村教育发展的关键力量,了解其群体特征并构建完善的发展支持体系对于加强乡村教师队伍建设、提高乡村教育质量、助力乡村振兴具有重要意义。运用NVivo分析软件对荣获全国“最美教师”称号的54位乡村优秀教师典型事迹材料进行收集整理、编码分析,发现乡村优秀教师群体在乡土情怀、教育信念、师德修养、教学专长、社会认可五个方面具有明显特征,其中乡土情怀是乡村优秀教师的内在动力,教育信念是乡村优秀教师的发展之基,师德修养是乡村优秀教师的立身之本,教学专长是乡村优秀教师的专业支撑,社会认可是乡村优秀教师的价值体现,进而勾勒出乡村优秀教师群体特征理论模型。基于此,为培育、稳定和激励更多乡村优秀教师,建议创新职前教育特色,培植乡土情怀;唤醒教师主体自觉,生成教育信念;回归现实生活世界,加强师德修养;关照乡村教育需求,聚焦教学专长;倡导多元主体支持,赢取社会认可。

基于留守群体关爱的乡村公共活动空间改善策略研究——以四川省什邡市章洛地区为例

要该文基于川西地区“三留守群体”关爱的空间需求,调研乡村公共空间使用现状及问题。以四川省什邡市章洛地区为例,提出不同尺度下公共活动空间改善策略。针对不同聚落空间类型,提出公共资源布局策略;针对不同公共建筑条件,提出建筑类型选择策略;针对不同节点空间构成,提出公共空间建设策略。通过新建、改造、闲置资源再分配等手段,实现留守关怀公共空间的更新,满足留守群体的物质情感需求。

乡村振兴战略视域下返乡入乡大学生创业群体培育研究

返乡入乡大学生创业群体具有返乡入乡创业参与度增强、产生多重效果、内部属性平等和战略定位明确等特征,是带动乡村振兴发展的生力军。其在乡村经济、发展农业乡村治理等方面扮演着至关重要的角色,既激活了乡村产业的市场价值、优化了乡村治理的政治价值,又彰显了返乡入乡创业大学生的自我价值、实现了乡村振兴的战略价值。返乡入乡大学生创业群体的培育,要依托乡村土地资源、乡村山水风光、乡村创业产业园、技术技能优势,造就更多的现代农业种养殖经营主体、文旅融合建设主体、农业园区创业主体、数字农业服务业主体,从加大创业要素供给、完善学校教育体系、提升城乡双向认同、优化公共服务保障来吸引更多大学生加入到返乡入乡创业群体。

“双减”政策下农村学校课后服务供给的优化——基于重庆市的调查数据分析

通过对农村学校学生和家长关于课后服务需求进行调查,结果表明,学生和家长对当下课后服务处于较为满意的状态。同时,学生和家长对课后服务还存在如要求活动场地从封闭性走向开放性、活动内容从单一性转为多样化、师资水平从低水平提到高质量、服务管理从“一刀切”转向个性化等优化意愿。通过对政策文本、目标群体、教育资源和管理监督的成因分析,认为需要通过在政策上增强适切、细化操作;在资源上积极开发、有效利用;在师资上提高质量、提升效能;在管理上完善措施、强化督导并争取目标群体的正确理解与积极支持等路径,实现农村学校课后服务的优化。

基于乡村振兴的“双文旅”模式探究——以星火乡与敖其村为例

为深入贯彻二十大精神,巩固脱贫攻坚成果并与乡村振兴有效衔接,以地理位置为考量,将民族文化作为抓手,选取佳木斯市桦川县星火朝鲜族乡和敖其赫哲族村为研究对象,提出“双文旅”发展模式。通过文献梳理,对“双文旅”模式产生的文化基础进行分析,结合研究对象的实地考察情况,进行“双文旅”模式的策略分析。紧扣中国式现代化的内在要求与首要任务,力求为少数民族乡村振兴提炼具有一定示范性、推广性的发展模式。