Financing Problems in China's Rural Areas

Solving the financing problem in rural areas and improving the level of economic development in rural areas become important guarantees for the expansion of domestic demand. This research, through studying the current situation of rural financing, pointed out the main factors restricting the financing in rural areas, such as high risk credit, slow income growth, high financing cost and difficult mortgage and guaranteed loans. Based on those, the author worked out the objectives and direction of China＇s rural financing reform, from two aspects of path selection of reform and innovation and specific embodiments for adjusting the overall reconstruction, and put forward some relevant countermeasures.

Study on Investing and Financing Development in Rural Area:A Case Study of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

"Surplus income" of farmers has been increasing steadily with the marked improvement of rural economy. However,development of rural financing market in China is rather backward. To satisfy the financing requirement of farmers and meet the demand of the construction of new countryside as well as harmonious society,development of financing market in rural area is eager to be quickened. Taking Guangxi Autonomous Region as an example,there are problems in rural investing and financing development. Firstly,farmers are in lacking of accurate understanding of investing and financing. Secondly,investors in rural area lack professional knowledge about financing generally. Thirdly,rural area has underdeveloped information degree as well as imperfect investing and financing environment. Fourthly,there are no financial products developed for rural area. Fifthly,economic development is unbalanced and relatively underdeveloped in rural area. Lastly,rural financial market has long been neglected by financial intermediaries. In order to cope with these problems,firstly,farmers should be assisted to establish accurate financial awareness and master necessary financial knowledge. Secondly,local intermediaries like securities firms and banks should be encouraged to exert impact on rural financial market. Thirdly,financial products suitable for Guangxi rural area are to be developed. Fourthly, construction and perfection of rural financial market should be quickened. Lastly,rural economic development should be quickened to enlarge capital source of financing.

Impacts of formal credit on rural household income:Evidence from deprived areas in western China

Financial support is a crucial part of China's poverty alleviation effort.Thus,it is vital to understand how formal credit impacts income growth in rural households.In 2012,2015,and 2018,a survey was conducted to obtain a panel dataset of 592 rural households from 6 poverty-stricken counties in western China,including counties in Guizhou,Yunnan,and Shaanxi provinces.We use the data to examine the effect of formal credit on rural household income and the mechanism that underlies this effect.We find that formal credit can significantly increase rural households'income in deprived areas in western China.Furthermore,formal credit promotes the reallocation of household labor from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector and changes rural households'decisions about investment-consumption behavior.These are the drivers of changes in the amount and structure of household income.Further analyses show that formal credit may widen income inequality among rural households in western China's deprived areas.The individual characteristics of rural households,such as different levels of material capital,human capital,and social capital,bring about differences in the effects of formal credit on income growth.This study emphasizes that the implementation of formal credit is an essential strategy for poverty alleviation in underdeveloped areas,but policymakers should not excessively interfere with the financial market.

Realization Path for Inclusive Finance to Support Rural Revitalization in Poverty-stricken Areas

Based on the quarterly economic,social and financial development data of 39 poverty-stricken counties in Henan Province during 2016-2018,this paper utilized the entropy-based TOPSIS method to objectively measure the rural revitalization index,and then built the quantile regression model to study the effects of various elements of inclusive finance on different stages of rural revitalization.Research results show that industrial development,agricultural modernization,targeted poverty alleviation,endogenous demand,and rural governance are the main points of inclusive finance in poverty-stricken areas to support rural revitalization;the rural revitalization index indicates that compared with the Dabie Mountain area and the non-contiguous poverty-stricken areas,the rural revitalization of the Qinba Mountain area is slower;for inclusive finance supporting rural revitalization,it is necessary to bring into play the role of monetary policy tools in re-lending,functions of credit in supporting industrial development,and role of insurance in risk protection;furthermore,inclusive finance solves problems such as the diminishing marginal effect of physical machinery investment in rural revitalization support,financial support for the coordinated development of small farmers and new agricultural business entities,financial support for the development of the entire industry chain,and the"siphon effect"of capital.

An Empirical Analysis on the Impact of Rural Financial Development on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents in Heilongjiang Province

The high-quality development of rural finance is an important support for rural revitalization.In recent years,it continuously expands the investment in rural finance in Heilongjiang Province,and optimizes the rural financial service system and mechanism.The overall income level and living conditions of rural residents have been significantly improved,but there still exists income gap between urban and rural residents.Therefore,based on analyzing and combing current situation and problems of rural financial development and urban-rural income gap in Heilongjiang Province,multiple linear regression model is used to study the impact of rural financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in Heilongjiang Province.The research results show that the scale of rural financial development in Heilongjiang Province will enlarge the income gap between urban and rural residents,while rural financial development efficiency and urbanization level reduce income gap between urban and rural residents in Heilongjiang Province.Based on the above conclusions,some policy suggestions to promote the equalization of urban and rural income in Heilongjiang Province are puts forward in this paper.

Developing Rural Cooperative Finance with Reference to Experience of Foreign Countries

At present,rural credit cooperative is an essential part of rural financial system in China. Since the foundation of new China,especially since the reform and opening-up,rural credit cooperative has become the largest financial organization in rural areas. However,its operation mode needs further improvement and service functions are to be strengthened. Therefore,learning successful mode of rural cooperative finance in foreign countries has important theoretical and realistic significance for promoting development of China's rural cooperative finance.

电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业增长的影响研究

本文利用2000—2019年我国县域数据,采用多期DID等方法探讨了电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业发展水平的影响。研究结果显示,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业经济发展水平提高具有显著的促进作用,且这种促进作用具有长期效应。这一结果在考虑实验组非随机分配、更换因变量和调整样本后仍然稳健。电子商务进农村综合示范政策主要通过农业产业集聚、农业金融服务改善两个途径对县域农业发展水平产生影响。异质性分析表明,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对粮食主产区、经济欠发达地区、地形平缓地区的农业发展水平的促进作用更强。因此,应重视农村电子商务发展对推进乡村全面振兴、促进共同富裕的重要作用,政府要在农村电子商务带头人培训、电子商务基础设施建设、农业产业集聚的产业空间布局规划等方面发挥作用,注重数字普惠金融与县域农业发展的融合,强化数字普惠金融的支持力度。

数字普惠金融、新质生产力与城乡融合发展

数字普惠金融为培育和发展新质生产力提供了金融基础,也为城乡融合发展提供了新动能。文章运用中国30个省份2011—2022年的面板数据,从新质生产力视角,研究了数字普惠金融对城乡融合发展的影响与作用机制。研究发现:(1)数字普惠金融能够显著促进城乡融合发展;(2)数字普惠金融可以通过提升新质生产力来促进城乡融合发展;(3)数字普惠金融对城乡融合发展的促进作用受到新质生产力和自身的门槛作用的影响,并且这种影响呈现边际效应递增的特征;(4)数字普惠金融对城乡融合发展的影响在高经济发展水平、低传统金融发展水平和高互联网发展水平省份更明显。

20世纪30年代江苏农村金融困境与私营银行的参与

20世纪30年代,江苏农村面临着金融枯竭的困境,表现为资金外流、负债普遍以及高利贷盛行。金融助农成为当务之急,部分私营商业银行也参与到江苏农村的金融救济之中,其中,上海商业储蓄银行很具代表性。该行不仅成立了农业贷款部,还与江苏地方政府合作成立农民抵押贷款所,通过信用合作社、农仓以及产销合作社发放农贷,提供相对较低的利率,对缓解农村资金压力具有一定的积极性。但是从根本上看,私营银行进行农贷的本质是为剩余资金寻找出路,因而其在调剂金融方面又存在明显的局限性。

金融如何有效服务于小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接?

实现小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接是实现农业农村现代化的重要任务,而金融是推动小农户融入现代农业的“源头活水”。当前,金融服务小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接在农村金融顶层设计优化、农村金融机构改革、信贷支持和保险保障、数字普惠金融等方面取得了积极进展,但是仍然存在扶贫小额贷款不适应新阶段的发展需要、小农户发展现代农业的筹资融资能力低、农业供应链金融对小农户带动作用有限、农村信用体系建设存在较大的短板、农业风险防范机制和分担机制尚不健全、农村基础设施建设的金融支持严重不足等现实困境。因此,要从农村金融服务体系、农村抵押担保体系、农业供应链金融、智慧化信用档案、创新激励和风险管理、农业基础设施金融服务六个方面进一步深化金融改革创新来助力小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接。本文为如何实现农业现代化提供新的视角,对加快建设农业强国具有一定的启示意义。

数字普惠金融的收入增长与收入差距缩小效应研究——来自新疆的经验证据

文章在城乡二元经济结构、金融发展与收入平等理论分析基础上,利用2011—2020年新疆地州面板数据,借助分位数回归和广义空间模型,研究新疆数字普惠金融对城乡居民收入增长的异质性及差距缩小效应。结果表明:数字普惠金融对于城乡居民收入增长具有异质性,且在不同收入水平的情况下,增长效应有差异;数字普惠金融对城乡收入差距有缩小效应,但是空间溢出效应不显著。分维度研究发现,覆盖广度和使用深度对城乡差距的缩小作用显著,但空间溢出效应均不显著。基于此,提出应加快边疆地区农村数字普惠金融建设规模与速度;合理配置金融资源,增强“一圈一带一群”中心城市对落后地区的辐射作用;加快现代化建设,推进城乡一体化发展。

现代化产业体系构建与农民农村共同富裕:影响机理与实证检验

基于2008—2021年中国31个省、市、自治区(不包含港澳台)面板数据,运用主成分分析法与优序图分析相结合的方法测算现代化产业体系构建水平,并研判现代化产业体系构建对农民农村共同富裕的影响。实证分析结果显示:现代化产业体系构建可有效赋能农民农村共同富裕。传导机制分析显示,现代化产业体系构建能够通过扩大财税规模、增加创业活动、缩小城乡数字鸿沟,赋能农民农村共同富裕。异质性检验证实,现代化产业体系构建对农民农村共同富裕的赋能作用在东部地区更为显著。空间效应分析显示,现代化产业体系构建对农民农村共同富裕具有正向空间溢出效应。针对于此,未来应构建现代乡村产业体系、激发农村创业创新活力、推动区域产业协调发展,加速推进农民农村共同富裕。

数字普惠金融、财政补贴与农民农村共同富裕

文章基于2011—2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,采用基于固定效应的面板数据模型和调节效应模型探究数字普惠金融对农民农村共同富裕的影响及财政补贴的调节效应。研究结果表明,数字普惠金融可以赋能农民农村共同富裕,但这种赋能作用存在区域异质性,具体表现为,相较于中部和西部地区及北方地区,在东部地区与南方地区,数字普惠金融对农民农村共同富裕的赋能作用更强。调节效应检验结果表明,财政补贴在数字普惠金融赋能农民农村共同富裕的过程中发挥着正向调节作用。

数字普惠金融、新质生产力与城乡共同富裕

数字普惠金融具有科技性、政策性、靶向性等特点,有助于拓宽金融服务边界,对发展新质生产力、推动城乡共同富裕具有至关重要作用。基于2010—2022年我国31个省份(未含香港、澳门、台湾地区)的面板数据,采用双向固定效应模型、中介效应模型和面板门限模型,实证分析数字普惠金融对城乡共同富裕的影响和作用机制。研究发现,数字普惠金融能够促进城乡共同富裕,且该结论在通过替换核心解释变量、改变样本范围、更换回归方式等方法进行稳健性检验后依然成立;数字普惠金融可通过推动新质生产力发展促进城乡共同富裕;随着新质生产力水平的提升,数字普惠金融对城乡共同富裕的促进作用不断增强,呈现J字形特征;与农业现代化水平低的地区和粮食主产区相比,数字普惠金融对城乡共同富裕的促进作用在农业现代化水平高的地区和非粮食主产区更强。进一步分析发现,数字普惠金融、新质生产力均构成城乡共同富裕的格兰杰原因;数字普惠金融对城乡共同富裕的促进作用具有正向空间溢出效应,即数字普惠金融不仅能够促进本地城乡共同富裕,而且可以带动邻近地区城乡共同富裕。因此,应大力提升涉农金融服务质效,加快培育农业新质生产力,着力构建区域协同发展机制,为扎实推进城乡共同富裕注入蓬勃动能。

数字普惠金融、农业现代化与农民农村共同富裕

文章选取2008—2021年我国31个省份的面板数据,实证检验了数字普惠金融、农业现代化、农民农村共同富裕三者间的内在关联。结果表明:数字普惠金融可促进农民农村共同富裕,且数字普惠金融对东北、西部地区农民农村共同富裕促进作用更为显著。中介效应检验结果表明,农业现代化在数字普惠金融影响农民农村共同富裕中发挥正向中介作用。推进数字普惠金融下乡、构建现代化农业经营体系、制定差异化发展战略,是赋能农业现代化发展、农民农村共同富裕提供经验借鉴的实践路径。

数字经济对农业农村现代化的影响研究

在数字化转型的浪潮中,数字经济在推动乡村振兴、实现农业农村现代化中发挥着重要作用。选取2011-2021年中国30个省份的数据,运用固定效应模型实证检验数字经济对农业农村现代化的影响,并将研发强度和农村金融发展水平作为中介变量探究其中的间接传导机制,研究发现:数字经济发展水平的提高对农业农村现代化具有显著的促进作用,同时通过增强研发强度、提升农村金融发展水平间接推动农业农村现代化建设。异质性分析结果表明,数字经济对农业农村现代化的促进作用存在明显的区域差异,东部地区最显著,中部地区次之,西部地区不显著。基于此,应大力支持数字经济发展,为农业农村现代化做好数字支持;发挥数字经济支持研发强度和农村金融发展的作用,为农业农村现代化做好技术支撑和金融支持;缩小地区经济发展差距,协调推进不同区域农业农村现代化进程。

乡村振兴视域下数字普惠金融助推“三农”发展路径研究

数字普惠金融是数字技术与普惠金融的有机融合,是助推“三农”发展、实现乡村振兴的重要力量。探究了数字普惠金融助推“三农”发展的优势与不足,提出了提高农村居民的金融素养、加大农村数字普惠金融发展力度、建立信息共享平台等助推“三农”发展的路径,进一步激发“三农”发展活力,为乡村产业振兴提供更有力的金融支持。

数字普惠金融、双元创新与中国式农业农村现代化

文章基于2013—2022年中国1749个县级行政区数据,用静态面板、动态GMM、中介效应模型分析数字普惠金融和双元创新对中国式农业农村现代化的影响效应与作用机制。实证结果发现:数字普惠金融及三个子维度均对中国式农业农村现代化发挥促进作用;双元创新在数字普惠金融驱动中国式农业农村现代化过程中发挥正向中介效应,且相对于利用式创新,探索式创新的中介效应更显著。进一步分析表明,数字普惠金融对中国式农业农村现代化的促进作用,以及双元创新的中介效应均在非电子商务示范县、西部地区更强。因此,各地可发挥数字普惠金融红利,加大双元创新支持力度,实施差异化数字化转型策略,推进中国式农业农村现代化。

农村数字普惠金融促进乡村振兴的作用机制与优化路径

农村数字普惠金融作为新时代金融机构下沉农村市场、支持“三农”发展的重要手段,是信息时代互联网与普惠金融深度融合的产物,也是促进乡村振兴的重要力量。从促进逻辑来看,农村数字普惠金融可从推动乡村产业兴旺、助力乡村生态宜居环境构建、实现乡村乡风文明、促进乡村有效治理和提升乡村生活富裕水平等路径为乡村振兴注入充沛活力。但在具体的实践中,仍面临基础设施建设不足、农村居民金融素养不高、征信监管体系不完善等现实难题。因此,未来发展路径应从切实加强农村数字普惠金融基础设施建设、有效提升农村居民数字普惠金融素养、加快农村数字普惠金融相关法律法规和监管体系建设等方面入手,以农村数字普惠金融服务普及化、素养全员化、发展制度化为旨趣,更好地发挥农村数字普惠金融促进乡村振兴的应然作用。

化解村镇银行风险的途径研究

随着我国乡村振兴工作的持续推进以及金融体系改革的不断深化,国家越来越重视农村金融的发展。村镇银行在一定程度上解决了我国“三农”发展资金不足的问题,有效地增加了农村地区的金融支持力度。然而由于规模小、实力弱、认可度较低等原因,导致其风险增加。文章首先分析了村镇银行风险产生的具体原因,之后提出了提高准入门槛加强监管、完善市场化方式退出机制、稳步推进村镇银行的结构性重组以化解村镇银行风险的措施,最后分析了在化解村镇银行风险时应注意解决的四个问题。