Optimization of Rural Governance Structure under the Development of New Agricultural Management Entities

The positive impact of the development of new agricultural business entities and their institutional systems on the optimization of rural governance structures can be examined from various perspectives,including the state,market,rural society,urban-rural relations,and grassroots governance structure in rural communities.The development of these new agricultural business entities has not only redefined but also restructured the power distribution and governance patterns in rural developing countries,markets,and villages.The rural social order has evolved into a ternary mutual structure governance pattern,often referred to as the“state market rural”model.This transformation has prompted adjustments in the national economic and social policy structure and management systems at both macro and micro levels.It has led to the reshaping of power dynamics,benefit distribution,and governance structures in both urban and rural areas,resulting in significant changes to the economic and social fabric of rural regions.Furthermore,the grassroots governance structure in rural society,characterized by“township governance and village governance,”is undergoing continuous development and improvement.This transition is marked by a shift towards a collaborative governance structure that encourages diverse participation.Building upon the aforementioned optimizations,the rural governance structure now exhibits new characteristics.These include a more extensive and diverse range of rural governance mechanisms,increased openness in governance processes,and a heightened synergy among various governance mechanisms.This dynamic evolution reflects a richer,more diverse,and more open approach to rural governance,fostering a stronger collaborative effort in the pursuit of effective governance.

Restoration and Regeneration of Traditional Villages' Culture under Rural Governance:A Case Study of Zhentou Village in Ji'an County

As the building of a socialist countryside in China is at a critical stage,village rules and regulations,as an important means of rural governance,is also in the orderly construction and operation. However,there still exist obvious shortcomings in the contemporary rural governance,which hinders the active inheritance of the traditional villages' culture. Through the in-depth analysis of the relevant theories of rural governance and the historical culture of Ancient Zhentou Village,this study is expected to exploit the concept of the ancient village's culture in the heart of its dwellers so as to help them to better collect their existing cultural heritage.

New Agricultural Business Entity and Rural Governance Body against the Backdrop of Rural Revitalization

The new agricultural business entity is the representative of the "new" productive forces in the countryside. Based on the analysis of the connotation of the new agricultural business entity, this paper further explains the new characteristics of the new agricultural business entity, such as internationalization, informatization, greening, ecologization, and organizational integration. The new type of agricultural business entity is the innovation of socialist agricultural management system with Chinese characteristics, which has brought new institutional performance to agricultural and rural modernization, and caused changes in the rural governance body and its structure in terms of production relations. The traditional basic subject "villager" has changed to "professional farmer", "homogenization" to "heterogeneity" and "diversification", and governance pattern to "unitary leading and pluralistic participation". These developments and changes reflect the dialectical relationship movement between rural productive forces and production relations, economic base and superstructure. New agricultural business entity, rural governance body and their structural system have become an important basis for rural revitalization.

Practical Paths and Innovative Developments in Rural Governance Reform in China:Based on Leading Cases from 2019 to 2022

Successful examples are formed through benchmarking and establishing pioneers,and policy diffusion is carried out through the concept of exemplary leadership and progressive promotion,in accordance with the national policy deployment of rural governance.In addition to combining the two benefits of rural social promotion and national policy support,this also creates an interactive pathway between national policy promotion and rural active response.We should not only concentrate on the national administrative system but also pay attention to the peculiarities of primary-level governance in order to study the workings of exemplary leadership.The National Rural Governance Leading Cases highlight the extensive scope,wide range of manifestations,and unique characteristics of China’s wave of rural governance reform efforts in the new era.The combination of feeling the stones to cross the river and strengthening top-level design better reflects the logic of exemplary leadership in contemporary rural governance.These two strategies are based on the five practical dimensions of Party-building leadership,departmental coordination,integration of self-governance,rule of law,and rule of virtue,creation of new approaches,and multi-stakeholder governance.

The Evolution of China's Rural Governance System and Its Influences on Rural Spatial Planning

This paper reviews the development process of China's rural governance system, indicating that the current system of "township governance based on village autonomy" is facing a new situation such as the weakening governance capacity of grass-roots authorities and the emergence of new governing bodies. Aiming at promoting practical rural planning, the paper conducts research about the rural governance system, public goods supply, and rural planning reform. It divides the rural governance mechanisms on public goods supply into three categories: government, community and market. The paper then focuses on how to achieve a community-based supply of public goods via emerging "rural organizations," as well as on how to transform the public service center allocation and spatial planning philosophy and methods in rural planning accordingly.

Circulation of Development Factors Promoted by Innovation of Land Management Under Background of Rural Vitalization:A Case Study of Tengtou Village in Zhejiang Province,China

Land is the space carrier for the existence and flow of other development factors.Activating rural land and promoting the circulation of other development factors through land management innovation is necessary to realize rural vitalization.This paper identifies the connotation of factor flow in the rural vitalization context,the action mechanism of land management innovation to boost the flow of development factors,the issues and obstacles restricting factor circulation,and the realization mechanism of the flow of development factors in rural vitalization.Based on the analytic paradigm constructed in the paper,the successful practice of promoting the flow of development factors through innovative land management in a model village is examined.The results show that:1)the unreasonable systems characterized by the land use system in rural areas are the main obstacles causing circulation issues in development factors.It is essential to engage in comprehensive reform to break down these long-lasting obstacles to the smooth flow of development factors.2)The land should play a leading role in the circulation of development factors in the background of rural vitalization;the main purpose of land management innovation is to activate the land factor,thereby promoting the circulation of other factors.3)The activated land factor will act as a‘trigger’to promote capital and technology in rural settings and use capital and technology to attract the inflow of talents and the return of migrant workers,whereby the population factor will act as a‘catalyst’for the cultivation of rural culture,bringing about the integration of various development factors.4)The innovation of land use and management,increased funding,and new technologies have brought multiple talents to Tengtou Village.The high-frequency mutual feedback between the village’s own and the external development factors resulted in its successful integration of industrial development.

Urban & Rural Governance and Planning Reform:Annual Conference of China City Planning 2014 Successfully Held in Haikou

From Sept.13–15,the Annual Conference of China City Planning 2014 was held in Haikou City,Hainan Province.Around6,000 exper ts and scholars attended the conference and were engaged in vigorous discussions about'Urban&Rural Governance and Planning Reform.'Contents covered almost all fields of urban&rural planning and practice,addressing numerous

Research on Measures to Promote Rural Community Construction Pilot Work

Rural community construction is an important part in the construction of a socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics, and a significant measure to consolidate the foundation of the Party's governance in the rural areas. To further promote the rural community construction pilot work we must develop rural economies to lay a solid industrial foundation for rural community construction, increase farmers' income, enhance the effective cohesive force, foster new types of farmers, cultivate reliable contributors, develop rural cultures, create a good cultural environment, improve the environment, build good ecological conditions, innovate organization and management, provide powerful organizational guarantees, and improve the service system to support good social conditions.

Supporting farmer-managed irrigation systems in the Shigar valley, Karakorum： Role of the government and Aga Khan Rural Support Programme

Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. Field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government agencies.Government agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of FMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained FMIS through the centuries.

Public Participation in Rural Environmental Governance around the Water Source of Xiqin Water Works in Fujian

Public participation is an important way to improve the overall effect and social recognition of rural environmental governance in water source areas. Public participation makes environmental governance measures more targeted and effective, contributes to protecting the basic environmental rights of the public, and makes it easier to meet the livelihood needs of rural people. Public participation in rural environmental governance in water source areas is characterized by complex behavior and is dependent on public willingness to participate. Amongst other factors, it is subject to the combined influences of both internal（psychological cognition） and external（environmental regulation） conditions. This paper builds a theoretical framework for understanding public participation behavior in rural environmental governance, and uses it to analyze a case in the rural area surrounding the Xiqin Water Works in Fujian Province. In the case study, the public shows high willingness to participate, but low actual rates of participation. At the same time, the willingness of villagers to pay for the control of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding varies greatly from village to village, and there are also noticeable individual differences in public participation in the use of public collection points for rural household waste. We found that gender, understandings of environmental protection and perception of environmental regulation, play a key role in influencing the willingness of farmers to pay for the control of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding. Individual awareness of environmental protection, environmental protection facility conditions, and environmental service quality had a significant influence on public participation in the use of public collection points for rural household waste.

Analysis on the Theoretical Basis of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The rural revitalization strategy represents a quantum leap in both the theory and practice of rural development in China,and serves as a crucial solution to address the array of challenges facing rural areas.Multi-dimensionally,the rural revitalization strategy sets out the general requirements of“building rural areas with thriving businesses,pleasant living environments,good social civility,effective governance,and prosperity,”which echo the measures of new urbanization:efficient,green,humanistic,well-governed,and inclusive.Specifically,“building rural areas with prosperity”aligns with the development requirement of urban-rural dual structure theory;“building rural areas with thriving businesses”meets the development requirement of the industrial division of labor and integration theory;“building rural areas with pleasant living environments and good social civility”follows the development requirement of sustainable development theory;and“building rural areas with effective governance”tallies with the development requirement of rural governance theory.Urbanization theory,urban-rural dual structure theory,the industrial division of labor and integration theory,sustainable development theory,and rural governance theory serve as crucial theoretical references for the rural revitalization strategy,helping make clear its conceptual underpinnings.

Land use transition and rural spatial governance: Mechanism, framework and perspectives

The pattern for utilization of rural space is closely related to rural transformationdevelopment (RTD). The problem of rural space utilization is an important manifestation of theuncoordinated relationship between land use patterns and rural development status during atransformation period. Considering the rural space utilization issue, this article seeks to analyzethe interaction mechanisms between land use transition (LUT) and rural spatial governanceand then build a rural spatial governance analysis framework based on LUT. Also, thepaper explores the internal relationship between rural spatial governance and rural vitalizationand discusses the research prospective of the interaction. The study found that: (1) Ruralspace utilization has systemic problems such as limited development space, ill-defined ownershipand poor organization, which have become important obstacles for rural development.(2) The uncoordinated relationship between LUT and RTD is an important reason for the dilemmasurrounding rural space utilization. (3) The LUT provides a basis for determining thetiming of rural spatial governance, specifying spatial governance objectives, and clarifyingrural spatial governance methods. (4) The construction of a comprehensive analysis frameworkof “matter-ownership-organization” of rural space based on the LUT has created conditionsfor the orderly promotion of rural spatial governance. (5) Rural spatial governance whichfacilitates the integration of urban-rural development is an important foundation for rural vitalization.(6) Interaction analysis of LUT, RTD and rural spatial governance is conducive tofacilitating research on the operational mechanism of rural regional systems and to expandingthe research field of rural geography.

Farmland Capitalization an Urgen issue in Institutional Reform

Developing modern agriculture is an important aspect of urban and rural integration. Chintz has adopted a new, highly compatible, multipronged approach. Judgingfrom current agricultural and rural policies, factors like capital, labor and land will continue to interact and revolve. The transformation of China＇s rural land tenure system is at a critical posifion in the overall strategy of developing tile rural economy. However, rural institutional reform will inevitably be constrained by the path and pattern China＇s industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization take. Creating a new pattern of urban and rural socioeconomic integration requires reform and improvement of rural grassroots governance structure. The interaction and reconsolidation of the factors have again become intertwined with the superstructure of rural society and will inevitably affect the direction and pace of rural grassroots governance structural reJbrm. Protecting the economic interests of farmers while respecting their democratic rights will always be at the heart of agricultural modernization.

Central Government Issues Opinions to Strengthen and Improve Urban and Rural Community Governance

On Jun.12,2017,the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Strengthening and Improving the Urban and Rural Community Governance were issued.They put forward an overall goal in which by 2020 a multi-participator and co-governance urban and rural community governance system should have been formed that

地理可达性和乡村治理如何缓解多重风险对农户福祉的影响?——来自大别山区的实证分析

Despite previous studies on the interconnectedness of livelihood risks and human well-being, limited emphasis has been placed on the influence of geographic accessibility and rural governance on the well-being of rural households. Furthermore, the interplay between geographic accessibility, rural governance, and livelihood risk remains inadequately explored. Based on 522 household samples collected in the Dabie Mounand ordinary least squares regression, this study examines the influence of multiple risks on the subjective well-being of rural households by investigating the moderating roles played by geographic accessibility and rural governance. The results show that(1) multiple risk factors have a significant negative effect on rural households' well-being(β=-0.219, p<0.01);(2) geographic accessibility has a weak positive effect on rural households' well-being(β=0.064, p<0.1) compared to rural governance, which plays a larger positive role(β=0.228, p<0.01);and(3) geographic accessibility has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between multiple risks and rural households' well-being, decreasing the adverse impact of multiple risks on households' well-being. Our findings suggest that geographic accessibility and rural governance have positive implications for enhancing the well-being of rural households. The findings provide policy insight into mitigating livelihood risks and their negative impacts on household well-being in mountainous regions worldwide.