Evaluation of the Rural Human Settlement in Shandong Province

Taking Shandong Province as the research object,this paper uses the principal component analysis method to evaluate the status of the rural human settlement in Shandong Province.It establishes the evaluation index system of the rural residential environment in Shandong Province,including living environment,economy,infrastructure,public service facilities,and ecological environment,in total five comprehensive index,and 20 secondary indexes.Through measurement and sorting of rural human environment development level of Shandong Province in 2010,the 17 cities are divided into-excellent,good,ordinary,poor-four development areas and are analyzed based on the restriction factor in the development of the region.

Difficulties and Countermeasures of Rural Human Settlement Environment Governance in Tianjin

The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human settlement environment governance of Tianjin is faced with many difficulties,such as imperfect village construction planning,poor use effect of sewage facilities,low participation of farmers,and insufficient financial investment.Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as scientific planning and overall consideration,innovating financing mechanism,encouraging diversified investment of funds,and strengthening the publicity of rural human settlement environment governance.

Evaluation and Improvement Measures of Rural Human Settlements in Licheng District of Jinan City

Based on the data of rural human settlements in Licheng District of Jinan City in 2016,the evaluation system of rural human settlements composed of four subsystems（ social economy,infrastructure,public environment,and construction management） was constructed. According to the comprehensive scores of various administrative villages calculated by means of multi-index comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the human settlements of 521 administrative villages in Licheng District were divided into four types： excellent,good,average,and poor. Moreover,the spatial differences in the evaluation results of rural human settlements were analyzed using GIS spatial analysis technology. Finally,based on the evaluation results of rural human settlements in Licheng District,some measures to improve and control rural human settlements in different types of villages at various development stages were proposed to fully improve the quality of rural human settlements.

Analysis of the Choice of Return Mechanism of PPP Model in Rural Human Settlement Improvement under the Rural Revitalization Strat­egy:Research Based on the Perspective of Evolutionary Game

The improvement of rural human settlement environment is a significant direction of the rural revitalization strategy.Based on the finite rational evolutionary game theory,a cooperative behavior evolutionary game model of rural human settlement environment improvement PPP model with local government,social capital and rural residents as the main game players with the reward mechanism of Government Payment and one with the reward mechanism of Viability Gap Funding are constructed.Comparing the total project revenue of two reward mechanisms,the thesis will obtain the effects of choosing the reward mechanism of rural human settlement improvement PPP.Finally,available suggestions are made to the decision of the reward mechanism of PPP project about rural human settlement environment,thus promoting the application and development of PPP in rural environmental management and to promote sustainable improvement of rural habitat improvement.

Improvement of Rural Human Settlements and Rural Planning Strategies From the Perspective of Public Goods

Rural human settlements cover the environment and facilities related to rural production, life and ecology, and belong to the category of rural public goods. Due to the long-term implementation of the strategy of giving priority to the development of cities, the supply of rural public goods in China has been in a state of inadequacy. From the perspective of public goods supply, rural human settlement projects can be divided into three categories: public welfare projects, quasi-public welfare projects and operational projects. Because of its particularity and complexity, quasi-public welfare projects often become weak links in rural human settlements. We should give full play to the respective advantages of the government, enterprises and village collectives, and work together to promote the effective supply of rural public goods. In this process, rural planning should shoulder the responsibility as a means of public policy and governance. Rural planning needs to clearly define the future-oriented rural system, pay attention to peopleoriented facility needs, and provide a variety of services. Through guiding rural construction and allocating public resources, the countryside planning will be an important part of rural revitalization strategy.

Human Settlement Science-oriented Analysis of Rural Tourism Attraction System

Human settlement resources belong to tourist resources in a broad sense. Rural areas with excellent human settlements have become favorable tourist destinations. From the perspective of human settlement science, tourism attraction system model can be established by factors of harmony of rural ecology, harmony of rural life, harmony of rural production and harmony of rural culture. Concrete strategies for improving rural tourism attractiveness based on science of human settlements were proposed from the perspectives of optimization of ecological environment, education of original residents, upgrading of agricultural landscapes and products, and construction of rural tourism culture.

Measures and Policy Suggestions for Improving Rural Settlements in Guangdong

Since 2000,Guangdong has continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction in rural areas,and indicators for the main construction in the rural areas have met the requirement of remediation.However,the return visit has found that there are still huge gaps in urban and rural settlements.Therefore,this paper comprehensively investigated and scientifically analyzed existing problems in the rural settlements in Guangdong,and proposed that urbanization was the fundamental way to improve the rural settlements by carrying out the strategic planning of the provincial urbanization space and formulating different policies in urban areas and rural areas.Specifically,in the urban areas,the municipal government could coordinate the urban-rural development,formulate a transformation and development plan for villages to be urbanized,and classify the villages into three types in accordance with the degree of influence of villages affected by the cities to set different planning policies.In the rural areas,the provincial government was responsible for rural protection and development together with the county government,and divided the villages into three types according to the regional planning goals to implement different supporting policies for them.

乡村旅游与农村人居环境的耦合协调关系及障碍因子诊断——以山西省为例

在构建乡村旅游与农村人居环境评价指标体系的基础上,运用层次分析法、耦合协调度模型等定量分析山西省11个地级市乡村旅游与农村人居环境的耦合协调关系,运用障碍度模型对其耦合协调关系的障碍因子进行诊断。结果表明:(1)各地级市乡村旅游水平、农村人居环境水平的区域差距较大,且二者之间存在明显的空间错位。(2)晋中、临汾和运城为中度耦合协调级乡村旅游领先型,晋城、长治和吕梁为中度耦合协调级同步型,太原和阳泉为中度耦合协调级乡村旅游滞后型,忻州和大同为勉强耦合协调级同步型,朔州为初级耦合协调级乡村旅游滞后型。(3)基础设施、公共服务、产业机构是限制山西省乡村旅游与农村人居环境耦合协调发展的关键障碍因子,且7个维度的障碍分布状况差异较大,各地级市的关键障碍因子并不一致。(4)山西省今后应加强基础设施建设、提升公共服务水平和优化乡村旅游供给,并结合各区域的耦合协调关系及障碍因子状况,采取合理措施推动乡村旅游与农村人居环境持续协调发展。

Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Model: Case Study Based on Dongying Section of the Yellow River Basin

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote the improvement of urban and rural living environment and build livable and workable villages and beautiful villages. The development and challenges of rural domestic sewage treatment coexist. Based on the field investigation of 15 administrative villages in 3 districts and counties of Dongying City, there is a big gap between the development status of rural domestic sewage treatment and expectations. Investigate rural domestic sewage treatment cases in-depth, and condense four modes of primitive, developmental, mature and advanced in a variety of different rural domestic sewage treatment models for discussion, among which, the village sewage treatment work under the mature mode has achieved remarkable results, and is at the forefront of the current rural domestic sewage treatment. Through the multi-case analysis method, the practical dilemma of sewage treatment in different models of villages is summarized, and the feasible improvement path is explored, which contributes to the ecological protection and high-quality development of Dongying and the Yellow River Basin.

可持续迭代的村镇人居环境设计体系研究

目的为建构可持续建设与有机更新下村镇人居环境设计的基本框架,揭示其在不同发展阶段、地域特征和建设主题下村镇人居样本的应对性设计原则与理论,总结村镇设计在经济、社会、技术影响下的迭代及在地化应变,探讨未来村镇人居环境设计的前沿模式。方法基于可视化文献分析法,对可持续村镇人居环境设计进行系统的脉络梳理,并根据可持续设计的路径推演、要素解析、模式特征进行村镇人居环境设计体系的框架搭建,提出村镇人居环境设计的基本原则与适配化设计技术路线。结果构建了可持续人居建设迭代下的村镇人居环境设计体系,通过解析可持续设计的基本构成要素,分析了村镇人居环境可持续设计的动力机制,揭示了其在需求侧、供给侧和承载侧的基本特征及三者的联动关系,提出了四项村镇人居环境可持续设计的基本原则,并总结出三点分类适配化设计思路。结论以综合设计视角,探讨未来中国村镇转型下的设计思想与技术脉络,根据时代背景、在地特征、未来场景,采取动态应变与适配的原则,提出可持续设计模式、方法与路径,为设计学相关研究者、决策者和执业人员提供理论梳理和实践指导。

积分制助推乡村人居环境治理:行动困境、破解机制与作用机理——基于B村积分制治理的历时性考察

积分制作为乡村治理的一项创新,能有效激发农民参与公共事务的内生动力。为了解析积分制破解乡村集体行动困境并助推人居环境改善的过程,对B村人居环境积分制实践进行历时性考察。结果表明,积分制的效用发挥离不开引入条件和破解机制的双元驱动:在引入条件上,党建引领、示范效应和能人带动,为积分制嵌入乡村旧有场域提供了适宜的制度情境;针对推行过程中出现的指标设置不科学、积分评判欠公正、可信承诺难践行、相互监督缺效果等困境,有针对性构建协商统筹机制、策略动员机制、赋权增能机制和绩效激励机制,最终激发了积分制活力,助推乡村人居环境治理。在此基础上,形成“引入条件+破解机制”解释框架,以解析积分制破解乡村集体行动困境并助推人居环境改善的作用机理,为调动农民参与村级事务的积极性与提升其治理能力、助推乡村善治提供参考。

农村人居环境整治农民付费制度研究——以河南省为例

建设和运营资金保障不充分是影响农村人居环境整治效果的重要因素。农民作为农村人居环境整治的主要参与者和直接受益人,在农村人居环境整治中处于主体地位。探索农民付费制度是破解农村人居环境整治资金投入不足难题、健全长效管护机制的重要途径。本研究以河南省为例,基于典型案例调研和农户问卷调查,以农村改厕、农村污水处理、农村垃圾处理三大领域为重点,深入研究农村人居环境整治农民付费制度的可行性、实现方式及效果,系统总结农村人居环境整治农民付费制度的经验与问题,为完善农村人居环境整治农民付费制度、健全农村人居环境整治可持续性长效投入机制提供针对性建议。

政策激活自治:农村公共品有效供给的实践路径——以人居环境整治为例

在农村公共品供给中,一些村庄在政策的牵引下,动员村庄精英和普通村民积极参与公共品供给的民主实践,从而激活了村庄潜在的治理能力,实现了公共品的有效供给。这种现象可称之为“政策激活自治”。公共品供给政策的灵活性、以村干部为核心的组织动员能力以及以小组为单位的内生性治理能力构成了政策激活自治的政策、组织和社会基础。基于公共品分类的视角可发现,政策的牵引效应主要作用于与农民关系紧密、投入较少的建设项目上,而对与农民关系松散、投入较多的公共项目作用有限。政策激活自治的存在,启发我们在公共品供给中掌握政策统一性和灵活性的平衡,区分不同项目与农民的利益链接,通过适当的政策激发村民参与的积极性。

新型城镇化背景下乡村人居环境治理策略研究——以河南省信阳市为例

改善人居环境,建设美好的居住环境是新型城镇化建设的关键。本文以信阳市为例,分析了其新型城镇化的现状和人居环境建设实践,并提出加强政府的顶层设计、推进乡村基础设施建设、推动城乡融合发展、建设宜居宜业和美乡村,坚持贯彻绿色发展理念等新型城镇化背景下信阳乡村人居环境治理的措施,希望为相关部门提供参考。

乡村振兴背景下宁夏县域乡村人居环境质量评价及空间分异

乡村振兴战略的实施为乡村人居环境建设提供了新的契机和助力,二者具有紧密的逻辑关联性。在乡村振兴视角下,以宁夏22县区为例,构建了由4个维度、20个指标组成的宁夏县域人居环境质量评价指标体系,并综合运用熵权法、人居环境质量综合评价指数,对乡村人居环境质量与空间格局进行了评价。结果表明:22县区人居环境质量差距较大,整体呈现“多核心”“北高南低”的空间分异特征。结合厘定的乡村人居环境的优质区、良好区、中等区和较差区4种乡村人居环境类型,提出了优化乡村人居环境的调控策略。

基于高校城乡规划专业帮扶乡村建设的工作模式和实践路径探析

高校定点帮扶已成为助力乡村振兴的主要工作形式之一,目前正面临着工作对象转向全体农民、工作要求转向“五个振兴”、工作举措转向促进高质量发展。为此,高校应充分发挥专业优势,建立与教育教学相结合的可持续帮扶模式。在高校定点帮扶工作背景下,本文以研究团队开展的云南省凤庆县红塘村共同缔造工作为例,探讨了城乡规划专业助力乡村规划建设的高校帮扶模式。在梳理国内外高校帮扶乡村振兴的理论研究与实践探索基础上,总结了红塘村帮扶工作经验,构建了高校师生驻村伴随式、组织多方参与的“共同缔造”帮扶工作模式,并提出了以本地需求为导向,发挥城乡规划专业优势;乡村帮扶实践与城乡规划教学研究结合;培育乡村设计师与人才队伍;鼓励多专业师生参与的实施路径建议,为高校专业育人结合乡村振兴实践提供了参考。

农村人居环境质量评价研究进展及未来研究方向

科学构建农村人居环境质量评价体系是优化人居环境建设质量的基础。本研究利用中国知网(CNKI)数据库,对近20年国内农村人居环境质量评价相关学术文献进行深入分析发现,农村人居环境质量评价目前已积累了丰富的理论和实践经验,但还存在以下不足:(1)在评价对象方面,目前的研究主要集中在经济发达的东部沿海地区,而对中西部地区、经济薄弱区、生态敏感区以及具有特色的乡村等区域的研究相对较少。(2)在评价指标方面,构建客观评价指标体系居多,而较少关注农户微观视角和主客观指标的结合;在软环境指标的设置上,如乡风文明和村民情感感知等方面的研究相对缺乏;对于具有强烈地域特色的乡村地区,评价时往往缺乏代表性和特色性的指标。(3)在数据来源方面,当前的研究大多依赖于单一的数据来源,这可能会影响评价的全面性和准确性。基于以上分析,提出农村人居环境评价研究的3个延伸方向:加强指标体系的理论研究、拓宽指标数据获取的渠道,以及加强评价成果的应用。

乡村振兴战略下农村人居环境整治价值意蕴与提升路径

在全面实施乡村振兴战略背景下,推进农村人居环境整治是满足农民美好生活的迫切需要,是推进乡村振兴战略的重点任务,是建设美丽中国的内在要求。当前,农村人居环境整治呈现出主体多元性、目标艰巨性、内容复杂性等特征。针对以上特征,建议通过发挥农民主体作用,激发农民创造性;强化整治组织保障,分解细化总目标;建立长效管理机制,统筹一体化推进,以提升农村人居环境整治实效。

农村人居环境质量满意度及其影响因素研究——基于183村1362份农户调查数据的分析

改善农村人居环境是实施乡村振兴战略的必然要求,探讨人居环境质量满意度的影响因素具有重要的现实意义。论文基于全国183村1362份农户的调查数据,分析农村居民对于人居环境满意度的影响因素,重点关注村级人居硬环境和软环境的影响。研究结论表明:村级人居软环境质量是影响农村居民满意度的主要因素,经济状况、社会监督、外出务工经历以及区域位置等因素也会影响居民的满意度。未来在优化农村人居环境的过程中,一方面要因村施策,整治农村人居“软环境”和“硬环境”,重点解决农村人居环境的短板问题;另一方面,需要挖掘区域的发展潜力,激发农户的内生动力,从整体上提升村庄的经济水平,进而助力于提升人居环境质量,实现乡村振兴。

农村人居环境与经济协调发展的时空演化及障碍因素研究

农村人居环境与经济协调发展是构筑宜居宜业和美乡村的关键问题。论文基于耦合协调度、空间自相关与障碍度等模型,分析2013—2021年我国省域农村人居环境与经济协调发展的时空演化规律及障碍因素。研究表明:(1)农村人居环境与经济发展水平整体呈同步上升的相对发展关系,但省域间差异明显。(2)农村人居环境与经济耦合协调发展在时序上呈现从“勉强协调”迈向“初级协调”的两阶段上升规律,且空间均衡格局逐渐显现,空间关联具有东部H-H集聚和西部L-L集聚特征。(3)农村人居环境与经济耦合协调发展的障碍度由高至低为:基础设施、居住条件、公共服务、经济规模、生态环境、生活水平、生产条件、产业结构,且不同农村地区的障碍因素具有各自的比较优劣势。应从人居环境与经济协调发展的要素长效投入、时空均衡联动与障碍度优劣比较方面精准施策。