Research on the Circulation Problems of Contractual Management Right of Rural Land

Based on the judicial explanation of the contractual management right of land, the thesis elaborates the definition of main body of contractual management right of rural land; right of possession, use right, usufruct of contractual management right of land; autonomy of production and operation; disposition of the products; expropriation and occupation compensation authority of contractual land respectively, in order to demonstrate the connotation of land contractual management. The thesis also analyzes perspicaciously the phenomenon of non-agricultural-use land and proclaiming phenomenon of contractual management right of land. We should establish normalized rural land property rights register system to perfect contractual management right of land. Proclaiming of agriculture land right also should adopt registration effectiveness so as to guarantee the legality of transference of agricultural land to non-agricultural land in terms of system. We should perfect rural land circulation in terms of normalizing land circulation laws and normalizing contractual farmers fees: in terms of the movable agricultural land right, we should further perfect the types and content of circulation and lessen non-legal form restrictions of circulation; in terms of contractual fees, we should normalize contractual fees of land in order to preclude the contradiction between the contractees and contractors arising from blank space of laws.

Contract System for Circulation of the Right to Rural Land Contractual Management

From the perspective of civil subject theory,law of value,comparative law and history of laws,the thesis expounds that the contract on the transfer of the contractual right of rural lands is in nature a civil contract instead of an administrative one.Then it explores the defects in the contract from the viewpoint of legal value goal,contract law and legal sociology,that is,the relevant provisions in Rural Land Contract Law and Explanations of Supreme People's Court about the Issues concerning the Laws Applicable to the Trial of Cases of Disputes over Rural Land Contracting go against the principle of free contracting and run counter to the legal value goal of justice,so they do not achieve good implementing effect.Finally,the thesis demonstrates and makes some practical legislative proposals to perfect the contract system for circulation of the right to operate constructed rural lands,aiming at improving the circulation rate through perfecting the contract of the right to rural land contractual management,solving the disputes in rural lands circulation and safeguarding the legitimate rights of the farmers.

Developing the Commons: Models of Rural Land Trust in China

In recent years,experiments on land trusts(xin tuo)have been made in the rural areas of China.To better understand such practice,this research identifies four case studies based on their operational structures and divides them into government-led models and market-led models.The government-led models include the Yiyang Model in Hunan Province,and the Longgang Model in Hubei Province.The market-led models include the Suzhou Model in Anhui Province,and the Golden Field Series Model in Jiangsu Province.This paper compares their profit-sharing mechanisms with specific attention given to the incentives for the villagers.Findings suggest that the villagers’profits are limited in both models.The government-led models concern less about profits but more on reusing the desolated agricultural land.The market-led models are profit-driven therefore tend to exclude the villagers from the profit-sharing process.

On Willingness of Rural Land Circulation and Securitization in Central Regions of China

On the basis of questionnaire survey in 54 natural villages of 22 cities( counties) in 6 central region provinces,this paper analyzed the willingness of rural land circulation and securitization and influencing factors with the aid of Logistic model and Multinomial Logit model.The study indicates that factors influencing willingness of rural land circulation and securitization mainly include land contract method,land circulation information and approaches,rights and interests of farmers infringed or not,policies of benefiting farmers,and non-agricultural skills. Finally,it came up with following pertinent policy recommendations:( 1) reforming and improving land contract methods;( 2)strengthening disclosure of land circulation information;( 3) reforming and improving land circulation approaches;( 4) strengthening protection of farmers' rights and interests in the process of land circulation;( 5) reinforcing and implementing policies benefiting farmers;( 6) cultivating and developing farmers' non-agricultural skills.

Main Problems and Government Action in Rural Land Circulation of China

On the basis of introducing and defining the concept of rural land circulation,this paper discussed the inevitability of rural land circulation in China and analyzed the main problems in the rural land circulation. Finally,it came up with some pertinent recommendations for the government in the rural land circulation in China,including formulating the relevant administrative rules and regulations,improving the rural land circulation policy system,improving the rural social security system and relieving the worry of farmers in land circulation,energetically promoting institutional construction,and actively cultivating rural land circulation market.

Study on Circulation and Management of Rural Land Use Right

Currently,agriculture and rural economy have entered a new development stage. According to market demands and comparative advantages of regional resources,strategic adjustment of agricultural structure and realizing transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture have become primary tasks. Land is the essential element of agricultural production,making innovation upon rural land use system and establishing flexible and effective land circulation system concern efficiency and optimization of agricultural resource allocation and development of rural element market. With more and more farmers engaged in secondary and tertiary industries,land left by those farmers is circulated to those farmers willing to do farming. Rural land circulation is inevitable trend of economic and social development,but it is a progressive process. To realize smooth rural land circulation,there must be standardized system.

Insight into Financial Support for Rural Land Circulation:A Case Study of China Taiwan

Based on the background of the second rural land reform in China Taiwan, we analyzed financial support measures and their effects. It comes to the insight into financial support for rural land circulation in China Taiwan for the new round of rural land reform in China mainland. It is proposed to: (i) put forth effort on rural infrastructure construction with financial special fund as major support and credit fund from policy bank as supplementary support; (ii) improve rural land evaluation, registration and guarantee systems and set up special loan for land circulation, to solve the problem of shortage of fund for farmers purchasing land; (iii) grant operating loans for rural large planting and breeding farmer households, to accelerate land circulation becoming effective; (iv) establish development fund for agriculture, farmers and rural areas, to ensure sustainable input into rural areas.

Influencing Factors of Rural Land Internal Circulation Market in Guangdong Province

The circulation of rural land is helpful to improving the allocation efficiency of land resources,increasing farmers'income and promoting the development of modern agriculture.In this paper,we used the social economy,the main participants and the market environment of rural land circulation to make a qualitative analysis for the factor of rural land internal circulation.With the aid of principal component analysis,grey correlation model,and other methods to make a quantitative analysis for the factor of rural land internal circulation.The results show that the grey correlation degrees of the output value of secondary and tertiary industries as a proportion of GDP,the expenditure on science and education per capita,the expenditure on financial support for agriculture,the proportion of non-agricultural population and the standardization of rural land circulation contracts are 0.8988,0.8382,0.7632 and 0.7576 respectively,indicating that these factors are significantly related to the rural internal land circulation market.

乡村振兴背景下河南省农村土地流转问题的博弈分析

在新时代乡村振兴背景下,河南省农村土地流转受经济、政治、社会等多重因素影响。通过构建三方演化博弈模型,运用系统动力学仿真分析政府、新型农业经营主体和农民的行为策略,揭示土地流转稳定性机制。在此基础上,有针对性地提出有效措施,优化三方协调机制,促进土地合理流转,推动农业健康、可持续发展。

生产要素下乡的障碍性因素及破解之策——基于S县J农业项目的调查研究

城乡要素的双向有序流动是在我国实施乡村振兴的战略背景之下,实现城乡融合发展的关键支撑,而城乡融合则是建立在生产要素双向自由流动的基础之上的,但是当前我国的城乡要素却只呈现出由乡村向城市的单向流动,从城市向乡村的流动还存在着障碍。为了深入研究生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文采取案例分析法,通过对S县J农业项目落地过程的考察和分析,研究发现阻碍生产要素下乡的主要障碍性因素为:由于在我国现行的农村土地制度、政策、运行机制之中均存在着与现代农业及乡村旅游业发展不相适应的成分,因而由此引发的农用地供地障碍和农村集体经营性建设用地供地障碍。为了破解生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文提出如下建议:1)我国应以土地确权为基础,积极开展对农用地经营权的股份化改革,从而可以将农用地经营权“化零为整”集中管理,最终以达到解决农用地规模化流转困难的目的。2)我国应通过重新研究制定乡镇的行政区划标准,来进行相应的调整改革,从而以打破土地流转的行政壁垒。3)我国应对农村集体经营性建设用地的空间置换机制进行深入改革,并完善相应的土地入市机制,从而可以将农村分散、闲置的集体经营性建设用地整合利用,并可以为生产要素下乡提供足够的空间载体。4)我国应优化农村集体建设用地的空间布局,促使其可以充分发挥出集聚产业要素、保障社会服务、促进文化发展等诸多功能,进而以形成主城区与区域中心镇相结合的空间格局,并可以为生产要素下乡提供畅通的渠道。

农地产权制度改革与农地流转响应:预期偏离与逻辑阐释

农地所有权归属集体以来,产权拆分及农民产权份额的扩大和强化是产权制度改革的主要思路。然而,理论上有效的农地产权制度改革,却在农地流转的推动成效方面呈现时段上的异质性。随着时间的演进,改革对农地流转的正面作用渐衰,甚至表现出对农地流转的抑制。为解释理论与现实的偏差,聚焦改革路径的形成逻辑,重点阐述了改革历程及改革对农地配置的影响成效,提炼出改革成效不足的系统性成因。研究认为,产权理论的引入为确定改革方向提供了理论依据,过去的改革经验为决策层延续产权赋予式改革提升了信心,规模经营路线的确立加强了坚持并推进改革的必要性和紧迫性。改革开放以后,农地产权制度朝着扩大集体成员权能的方向不断推进,却在现阶段表现出抑制农地流转并冲击农地承包权稳定性的负面影响。对此,构建了涵盖政策有效性、农地多功能性以及中央决策层认知调整在内的解释框架。认为在追求现代农业发展的目标导向下,扩大集体成员的土地权能并不可取,增强农村基本经营制度中“统”的作用并以社会保障弥补农户对农地的非生产性寄托是关键。

土地流转、农户创业和农村劳动力就近转移

推进农村劳动力就近转移能够在保障农民工群体就业、促进经济发展的基础上,有效缓解异地转移给农村带来的负面影响。为厘清土地流转对于农村劳动力就近转移的影响机制,基于2016、2018和2020年3期中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),采用Tobit模型、倾向得分匹配法(PSM)、中介效应和调节效应模型探讨土地流转对农村劳动力就近转移的影响机制,研究表明:土地流转能够显著促进农村劳动力就近转移,该结果经过数据缩尾、替换变量、筛选样本的稳健性检验和消除自选择引起的内生性偏误后依旧保持可靠;农户创业在土地流转对农村劳动力就近转移影响的过程中起到了部分中介效应,发挥了“创业带动就业”的作用;农户人情支出对土地流转对农村劳动力就近转移的作用路径起到显著正向调节作用。因此,应当健全农村土地流转制度,鼓励和扶持农户就近创新创业,正向引导农村社会关系网络并且完善农村正规市场建设。

土地流转贷款风险评估与防控研究——以C银行为例

土地是农业之本、农民之根,是保障国家粮食安全和实施乡村振兴战略的重要物质基础。随着银行土地流转贷款规模逐年激增、产品模式逐渐饱和,如何做好信贷风险评估与防控,科学稳健支持农地发展是当下银行重点关注的方向和研究的课题。该文以C银行为研究对象,运用层次分析法、调查研究法及构建风险评估指标体系,对土地流转贷款进行风险评估,最终得出环境和政策风险指标等级较高,操作风险指标等级较低。

农地信托化趋势下农村居民收入结构优化研究

农地信托化是新一轮土地制度变革的必然趋势,在推进过程中会改变农村居民收入结构。本文提出农村居民收入的“四元结构”,从理论上分析农地信托化对农村居民收入结构的影响机理,基于2000年至2021年数据,运用对比分析方法,从实际出发分析农村居民收入规模变化和农村居民收入结构变化,得出结论:优化农村居民收入结构才能提高农民收入的韧性,随着农地信托化的发展,农村居民收入结构得到优化,但仍存在一些问题,还需进一步优化。最后,提出优化建议:破除路径依赖,完善土地流转机制;打破小农意识,重建土地情结与农民收入之间的关系;注重农民文化素质教育,完善职业技能培训体系;实现农村社会保障全覆盖,提高社保缴费灵活性。

基于乡村振兴战略背景下高密市农村土地流转现状分析

土地是农业发展的根本。深化农村土地制度改革,推动农村土地流转,发展形式多样的适度规模经营,是实施乡村振兴战略,实现农业农村现代化的必经之路。本文主要运用典型案例分析的研究方法,对山东省高密市的农村土地流转情况、发展中依然存在的制约因素以及今后加快农村土地流转,助力乡村振兴战略的对策等方面进行了介绍分析,希望能给国内同类地区推动农村土地流转,实现乡村振兴战略目标带来一点启示。

加强农村经济管理助推农村和谐发展

该文旨在探讨加强农村经济管理助推农村和谐发展存在的问题,并提出加强农村经济管理的策略。研究发现,加强农村经济管理可以健全社会服务组织体系、保证农村资金运作安全、推动农村产业经营发展、实现农村和谐发展。然而,当前农村经济管理存在人才队伍建设不足、难以满足现阶段发展需求、专业水平不一,难以适应现代农业和管理需求、政策支持不到位和农村经管队伍发展制约明显等现象,究其原因是农经管理人才较匮乏、经营管理队伍不稳定、培训开展较为困难、政策不够“接地气”地方落实存在困难。基于此,该文提出加强农村经济管理的策略,以期促进农村和谐发展,为农民和农村地区带来更好的经济发展和生活条件。

土地流转、农村剩余人口及其社会保护

农地“三权分置”改革释放的制度效应,加快了农村土地流转的进程,使农地资源进一步向新型农业经营主体集中。在此背景下,乡村既有的利益格局被搅动,农村剩余人口的生计受到冲击。本文尝试建构土地流转的人口分析范式,从家庭束缚和人力资本两个维度,将农村剩余人口划分为相对剩余人口和绝对剩余人口两种不同类型,阐释他们与土地结合而形成的生计模式,即“范围经济”和“老人农业”,在此基础上,分析资本下乡促成的土地规模流转如何重塑他们的生计。最后从社会政策的角度,提出如何完善社会保护体系,构建多元化的就业格局,以缓解因土地规模流转对农村剩余人口造成的生计压力。

乡村振兴背景下农村土地承包经营权流转现状及存在问题

随着城镇化不断发展,部分农村人口转移到城镇中居住和生活,农业生产机械化、规模化与家庭承包责任制之间的矛盾越来越突出,农村土地及其流转的相关问题成为解决“三农”问题的根本之一。该文通过调查农村土地承包经营权流转情况,发现流转过程中存在流转方式单一、流转制度不完善、流转效率较低等问题,探索有效的农村保障体系,促进土地承包经营权流转,以期为乡村振兴的有效实施提供参考。

美国农地信托流转运行机制分析与启示

农地信托流转作为流转的创新方式之一在推动土地适度规模经营等方面发挥重要作用,为有效放活土地经营权创造良好条件。我国农地信托流转起步较晚,面对现代农业发展和承包地“三权分置”落实的新要求,需借鉴国外有益经验。本文以美国农地信托流转为例,基于土地产权理论从参与主体、运行关系、典型模式、保障措施四个方面阐释其运行机制,以此说明美国此项制度经验。同时,梳理我国农地信托流转的现实探索,从主体关系的视角形成总体分析,并总结面临的问题,进而为借鉴美国农地信托流转的相应经验提出完善建议。

乡村振兴战略下突破农村土地流转制约瓶颈的对策--以河北省为例

在党中央实施乡村振兴战略背景下,农地流转成为推进“三农”发展的关键。只有加快农村土地流转,才能促进农业产业化、现代化发展。目前,河北农村土地流转虽已具备一定规模,但仍存在制约瓶颈,导致土地流转效率低、成本高:土地流转模式较为单一;土地流转中介组织不发达、流转市场机制不完善;金融支持力度不足等。对此,应采取相应对策大力推进农村土地流转,包括:政府加大对土地流转的引导和监管;创新土地流转信托高级模式;完善农地流转信托机构;发展新型农业经营主体等。