Reconstruction Mode of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Alpine and Gorge Area of Southwest China——A Case Study of Scientific Identification and Precision Reconstruction of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Luquan County,Yunnan Province

The transformation of dilapidated houses in rural areas is not only a livelihood project related to the broad masses of rural people,but also a major project to win the battle against poverty. Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,located in the high mountain and gorge area along Jinsha River,is one of the key counties of poverty alleviation and development with a wide range of poverty and a deep degree of poverty. The incidence of poverty is 22. 21%. Housing security is the focus,difficulty and emphasis of poverty alleviation in this county,the number of dilapidated houses is large,the type is complex,the transformation is difficult,and the implementation cost is high.Since the beginning of 2017,Luquan County has faced difficulties,explored in depth,pioneered and innovated,and completed the renovation of 54 801 dilapidated houses in an all-round way. It created a road full of characteristics and effectiveness of rural dilapidated housing transformation,and explored a set of effective scientific identification and accurate transformation models for rural dilapidated housing worthy of reference and promotion. Successful renovation of dilapidated houses,combined with industrial poverty alleviation,education poverty alleviation,health poverty alleviation and other accurate poverty alleviation measures,have made Luquan County win a decisive victory in the fight against poverty. By the end of December 2018,the incidence of poverty in the county had dropped to 0. 54%,and 115 poor villages( including 83 extremely poor villages) had successfully shaken off poverty. This paper analyzes and summarizes the concrete methods,main effects,characteristics and bright spots,successful experience,and reference significance of the scientific identification and precise transformation mode of rural dilapidated houses in this county,so as to provide a necessary reference for the transformation of rural dilapidated houses in Yunnan Province and even poor counties in similar provinces( cities and districts).

Characteristics and Optimization of Distribution of Rural Residential Area in Wangcun River Basin of Linfen City

As a carrier of rural population,rural residential area carries important functions such as rural production and life. This paper studied the characteristics of rural residential area and optimization model,to lay certain foundation for integrating urban and rural development and increasing economic income. With the aid of Arc GIS 10. 1 and Fragstats 3. 4 software,based on the theory of landscape ecology,it analyzed the distribution characteristics of residential area in Wangcun River Basin of Anze County,Linrfen City,Shanxi Province. Besides,according to distribution characteristics,it analyzed three optimization models: priority development model,retention limit development model,and migration development model.

Analysis and Countermeasures on Effective Land Use of Rural Residential Area in Jinan, Shandong Province

With the improvement of urbanization and the expansion of urban size, the cultivated land decreases gradually but the demand for urban land increases, thereby resulting in the conflict of land use. Analyzing the status quo of land use of rural residential area, this paper points out that two main problems, namely, the low degree of land use, and the waste of land resources that are prevalent in the rural residential area. Based on the above analysis, the author states that the emphasis on land use will be the plain regions in the future, and adoption of reasonable economic measures will be the new solution to the problems.

Reflections on the High-quality Development of Rural Areas in Guangshan County,Xinyang City

The problems faced by the development of Guangshan County were analyzed from the aspects of rural management talents,industrial structure,e-commerce development,and farmers'ideology,and corresponding solutions were proposed to improve the development speed of rural areas in the county and promote the high-quality development of the county as a whole.

A GIS-based Framework for Improving the Rural Settlement System in Dancheng County of Henan Province

[Objective] This study formulated a technical framework for key settlement selection in Dancheng County of Henan Province. [Method] The location set covering model (LSCM) provided by ArcGIS 10.0 was used in this study. [Result] After reconstruction, the settlement system in Dancheng County is composed of 2 county centers, 7 key towns and 122 key villages. [Conclusion] This study provides suggestions for the development of key settlements in Dancheng County, which contributes to improving the level of rural public services and ensuring social justice.

Driving factors and the implications of work choices of rural laborers in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China

Using rural survey data for the year 2009,we provide evidence of work choices of rural laborers in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China,and model these choices as a function of characteristics of individuals,households,and land endowments.The findings reveal large differences between males and females,and between non-farm employment and part-time farming engagement Land scarcity is still an important driving factor in non-farming participation of rural laborers in the study area;and in the current case of land productivity and the total amount of land,there are still surplus rural labor forces in the study area.Diversification of livelihood reduces the pressure on land,thus facilitating ecosystem conservation.So,the paper concludes with the argument that establishing coordination mechanisms among non-farm employment of rural laborers,agricultural production,and restoration of ecosystems are essential for mitigating the conflicts of ecological security,agricultural production,and rural development in mis area.

County financial ecology and the development of new socialist countryside in China

The new rural construction will involve many fields, such as the upgrade of the industrial structure of agriculture, the impravement of the efficiency in the use of agricultural resources, the increase of farmers＇ income, maintaining sustainable agricultural development, and strengthening the construction of agricultural service system and circulation system.Finance, as the core of modem economy, should serve the new rural construction. However, there are many problems about the financial system in the rural area for a long time. So it is vital to build a good county financial eco-environment to promote the development of county financial systems and give full scope to the supporting function of finance. Only when we solve the problems in rural financial ecology and make clear the government ＇s fanction and activities, the county financial environment can function and be improved. Based on the reality of county economic development and starting from the connotation of county financial ecology, this paper analyzes the status quo of county financial eco-environment, especially the significance of optimizing the county financial eco-environment under the macroscopic background that the country proposed the socialist new rural reconstruction, and proposes the opinions and suggestions to construct and the maintain county financial eco-environment.

西南山区乡村贫困地域系统时空演化格局研究——以云南省镇沅县为例

在梳理总结国内外关于贫困地理与农村多维空间贫困、乡村地域系统与贫困地域系统理论前沿研究的基础上,提出“乡村贫困地域系统”研究视角,并对乡村贫困地域系统理论内涵进行了初步探析.以云南省镇沅县109个村域为评价分析单元,构建了乡村贫困地域系统演化发展评价指标体系,设计了乡村贫困地域系统演化发展指数测度模型和基于“时空立方体—新兴时空热点分析”的时空演化模式识别方法.研究显示:(1)镇沅县2013-2021年乡村贫困地域系统演化时序阶段性特征经历了“差异波动演化(2013-2015年)—快速演化(2016-2019年)—增长滞缓趋稳(2020-2021年)”3个主要阶段.(2)镇沅县乡村贫困地域系统时空演化模式以连续热点模式为主,加强的热点模式呈零星分布,表征2013-2021年镇沅县乡村贫困地域系统整体上经历了较快且连续稳定的减贫演化过程,是减贫政策普惠作用在时空演化模式上的具体表现;连续冷点模式和持续冷点模式呈现出县域东西两端集聚分布态势.(3)多维空间贫困陷阱主要集中在和平镇、者东镇、振太镇的部分村域,相关村域脱贫稳定性相对较差、返贫风险较高.乡村发展是乡村地域系统循环累积与动态演化的结果,深入刻画分析乡村贫困地域系统时空演化格局与特征,对于科学推动脱贫地区转型发展具有重要意义.

电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业增长的影响研究

本文利用2000—2019年我国县域数据,采用多期DID等方法探讨了电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业发展水平的影响。研究结果显示,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业经济发展水平提高具有显著的促进作用,且这种促进作用具有长期效应。这一结果在考虑实验组非随机分配、更换因变量和调整样本后仍然稳健。电子商务进农村综合示范政策主要通过农业产业集聚、农业金融服务改善两个途径对县域农业发展水平产生影响。异质性分析表明,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对粮食主产区、经济欠发达地区、地形平缓地区的农业发展水平的促进作用更强。因此,应重视农村电子商务发展对推进乡村全面振兴、促进共同富裕的重要作用,政府要在农村电子商务带头人培训、电子商务基础设施建设、农业产业集聚的产业空间布局规划等方面发挥作用,注重数字普惠金融与县域农业发展的融合,强化数字普惠金融的支持力度。

城乡融合背景下乡村地区存量用地潜力与利用路径分析——以江苏省丰县为例

存量用地的盘活利用是土地整理的重要组成部分之一,盘活存量资源、创新存量规划已成为当前城乡发展的新命题。构建了存量用地从提取到综合评价与潜力测算应用的框架体系,分析丰县乡村地区存量用地空间分布与规模特征,测算镇域尺度下乡村地区存量用地再开发潜力,提出存量用地盘活路径与政策建议。研究表明:1)丰县乡村地区存量用地的整体盘活潜力可观,各街镇开发改造潜力差异较大。2)丰县乡村地区存量用地潜力分为三级潜力区,分布不均衡,靠近主城区的街镇潜力较大且多集中于南部。3)乡村存量用地盘活应该采取不同类型村庄差异化发展、乡村规划与盘活政策有机衔接、创新用地增减挂钩制度等有效路径。

新内生理论下县域乡村公共文化服务高质量发展研究

将外部支持与乡村内部自觉有机结合,采用内外共生、上下联动的新内生发展是现阶段推动中国乡村公共文化服务走向高质量发展的现实选择。在新内生理论下,乡村公共文化服务的高质量发展强调从整体发展视角,立足乡村资源和需求,通过乡村与外部的互动联结、资源整合、改革创新,实现公共文化服务的高质量发展。文章深度解构入选国家“基层公共文化服务高质量发展典型案例”的汉阴模式,认为乡村公共文化服务欲打破乡村文化自觉意识淡薄、整合性欠缺、创新动力不足的新内生困境,离不开以县政为主导的自上而下的整体谋划与统筹推进、乡村优秀传统文化的传承与发扬、乡村自治组织及其组织管理作用的有效发挥、以“文化+”为思路的资源整合逻辑及技术引领、规则协同下的多维创新。

东北黑土区农村宅基地功能转型特征与机制研究——以海伦市长华村为例

研究目的:揭示东北黑土区村域尺度农村宅基地功能转型特征与驱动机制,探寻“三权分置”制度框架下宅基地的活化利用与有效管理对策。研究方法:实地调查法和案例研究法。研究结果:(1)东北黑土区内农村宅基地的居住功能弱化,农业生产功能增强,宅基地功能由居住功能主导向居住、生产二元复合功能或农业生产功能为主导转变;(2)村域尺度内,农村宅基地功能转型的阶段特征明显,空间上表现为与中心村的距离越远,宅基地功能转型程度越剧烈;(3)在城镇化等外缘要素的影响下,乡村地域系统内人口和产业的变化共同驱动农村宅基地功能转型;(4)农村宅基地“三权分置”的制度框架下,结合农村宅基地功能组合和利用状态,引导农户选择适宜的宅基地利用方式,有利于促进宅基地利用效率提升。研究结论:东北黑土区农村宅基地功能正在经历转型过程,应根据宅基地功能转型阶段特征,深化农村宅基地“三权分置”改革,筛选适宜的宅基地利用与管理方式。

“人-地-业”协同语境下农村居民点优化研究——以湖南为例

农村居民点是农村人口、经济、社会等要素的空间集合,对其进行合理调控有利于农村资源要素协调重组。基于“人-地-业”协同语境,在充分认识农村居民点地域系统构成的基础上,剖析农村“人口-空间-产业”要素协同发展机制,并结合当前湖南省农村居民点发展特征,探讨与之相适应的新时期背景下农村居民点发展策略,助力国土空间资源可持续利用。

新闽派民居初探——以福建省永春县新时代农村社区为例

乡村住宅既是村民生活的空间,也反映了地域文化、邻里关系等问题。在过去的20年间,随着乡村人口和产业的变化,新乡村住宅发生了巨大的变化:布局小区化、体量过大,风格脱离地域特色等。如何在满足村民新生活诉求及成本可控的前提下,设计建造具有地域特色的乡村新民居是近年来乡建领域的重要命题之一。本文依托笔者团队设计的永春县新时代农村社区项目,从保障机制、建筑风格、空间布局、公共建筑和景观等多个角度,阐述了笔者团队对新闽派民居的设计探索和思考。

公共产品一体化引领县域城乡融合的机理、挑战与对策

现阶段,县城成为城镇化体系建设中的重点环节,乡村振兴战略全面深入实施,推进县域城乡融合正当其时。公共产品一体化是城乡融合的重要载体并具有先导作用。其中,社会公共产品一体化促进城乡要素自由流动,经济公共产品一体化促进城乡产业融合,数字公共产品一体化促进城乡治理融合。县域公共产品一体化受到城乡二元体制、县级财政能力、县域公共产品特性及农村公共产品供给短板等因素挑战。需要统筹规划、构建多元可持续的投融资模式、公共产品分类转型供给、全面提升农村公共产品供给等,以公共产品一体化引领县域城乡融合。

闽东丘陵山区乡村聚落空间格局演变及其影响因素——以福建省屏南县为例

[目的]研究闽东丘陵山区乡村聚落空间格局演变及其影响因素,为其乡村聚落空间布局优化与重构提供科学依据。[方法]以闽东地区的屏南县为例,综合运用核密度分析、景观格局指数和GIS空间分析方法,分析2009—2019年屏南县乡村聚落空间格局的时空演变特征,并运用地理探测器揭示其演变影响因素。[结果](1) 10年间屏南县乡村聚落数量与规模仅有小幅增加,不同等级聚落中以大型聚落的面积占比最大,但数量增加与规模扩张均以小型聚落为主,聚落空间整体上变化不大。(2)乡村聚落整体形态演变由规则趋向复杂和破碎化,但在县城周边地区存在聚落连片的趋势;乡村聚落单体形态以点状为主,数量占67.84%。(3)乡村聚落空间呈弱集聚分布,整体为中部集中,四周稀疏的分布格局,但10年间县域中南部聚落分布日趋集中;受地形控制,乡村聚落多分布在山间盆地,并具有低缓坡度指向性。(4)地形起伏是控制屏南县乡村聚落空间格局与规模演化的主要自然因素,但近10年来县域经济的发展与交通通达度的提高成为新时期驱动屏南县乡村聚落规模扩张的重要因素。[结论]屏南的自然因素塑造了乡村聚落基本空间格局,区位与社会经济因素是推动乡村聚落规模持续扩张的动力,自然、区位、经济因素相互作用推动乡村聚落的进一步演化。

青藏高寒区隆子县居民点空间分布及其与地形地貌关系

以青藏高寒区隆子县为研究对象,利用遥感高清影像,采取目视解译结合实地考察的方式,获取隆子县居民点数据,选取高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、坡向变率、地面粗糙度、高程变异系数和地貌类型8个因子,运用空间热点探测分析居民点规模分布“冷热点”,利用分布指数和信息熵探讨了隆子县居民点分布格局,通过变维分形揭示了居民点分布与地形地貌的关系.结果表明:(1)隆子县居民点分布以集群型小型居民点为主要特征,规模分布“冷热点”分异明显,热点主要分布在隆子镇,冷点主要分布在雪萨乡;(2)居民点在其分布的优势地形位上,其有序程度也相对较高.居民点在高程3 500~4 000 m,坡度小于2°,北坡坡向,地形起伏度15 m以下,坡向变率5°~10°,地面粗糙度小于1.01、高程变异系数为0.001~0.005的地形位和砂砾质冲洪积平原地貌上的有序性最强,这些地形位大多是居民点分布的优势地形位;(3)地形地貌对隆子县居民点分布及其发展影响的降序排序依次为地貌类型>高程>坡度>高程变异系数>坡向变率>坡向>地形起伏度>地面粗糙度.

浙江沿海地区农村居民点时空格局演变及影响因素分析

农村居民点时空格局是合理规划农村基础,有利于促进新农村建设和乡村振兴。基于浙江沿海地区1980—2020年8期土地利用类型数据,运用单一土地利用动态度、土地利用活跃度、景观格局指数、标准差椭圆分析、地理探测器等方法,分析浙江沿海地区40年间的农村居民点规模、空间格局变化,探究其影响因素。结果表明:(1)研究时段内浙江沿海地区农村居民点面积持续增大,增幅近81%,转出面积少于转入,转入以耕地和林地为主要来源,活跃度波动大。(2)40年间农村居民点规模呈波动增长趋势,增长率达335.90%,斑块形态指数显示复杂度略有上升,表现出集聚趋势。(3)农村居民点集中扩展于嘉兴市、杭州市等沿海平原地区,集聚程度自北向南逐渐减弱,东南方向为扩张热点。(4)地理探测器分析显示海拔、坡度对空间分布贡献最大,降水、距河流距离和GDP密度影响较高,需重视自然因素在农村规划中的作用。本研究可以为农村规划和发展提供重要参考,指导合理布局农村建设和资源利用,为政府制定农村发展政策、资源配置和管理提供科学依据,推动乡村振兴战略落地生根。

农业机械化对山区农户收入的影响机制分析——基于浙江省山区26县的面板数据

农业机械化对山区农户收入的影响机制以及如何促进山区农业机械化水平的提升,仍然是共同富裕进程中一个值得思考的问题。基于2007—2020年浙江省山区26县的面板数据,运用FGLS法检验农业机械化对山区农户收入的影响。结果表明:①山区农业机械化主要通过劳动力转移促进农户工资性收入的提升;②小型农业机械的数量对农户收入具有显著的正向影响,使用小型农业机械有利于山区农户收入的提升;③通过调节效应检验发现,地形对于农业机械化促进农户收入提升具有正向作用,即便存在地形条件的约束,山区农业机械化水平的提高依旧能够显著增加农户收入。浙江省山区26县应采用适合山区丘陵作业的小型农业机械,提高山区土地集约化利用水平,以及加强农业基础设施建设,以促进浙江省山区26县农业农村现代化和实现共同富裕。

黔西北山区不同地形地貌下农村居民点空间分异特征

为揭示黔西北山区不同地形地貌下农村居民点的空间分异特征,以毕节市为例,基于高精度遥感影像,利用热点探测、核密度、空间叠加等方法,探究黔西北山区不同规模农村居民点的整体分异特征和其在不同地形地貌下的分异特征。结果表明,毕节市农村居民点分布较广泛,破碎化程度高,布局随性较强,以中等规模农村居民点分布为主;密度整体较大,整体表现为西部和东部高、中部低,高密度集聚区主要为大规模农村居民点集聚区,低密度集聚区主要为小规模农村居民点集聚区;不同地形地貌下毕节市农村居民点的分异特征均较明显。不同高程、坡向、地形起伏度范围内均以中等规模农村居民点为主,但不同规模农村居民点的分布有所不同,小规模农村居民点主要分布于高程1200~2400 m、坡度6°~35°、地形起伏度小于400 m的中山地貌内,对于坡向的选择性不大;中等规模和大规模农村居民点主要分布于高程1200~2400 m、坡度6°~35°、地形起伏度小于400 m、坡向为半阴坡和阳坡的中山地貌内。