Simplified Life Cycle Analysis: A Rural School in La Pampa, Argentina

This study case is a rural school in La Pampa, Argentina, where we compare two energy efficiency systems for construction: the local traditional building type and a proposed one, based on passive system design during its life cycle. In addition, we assume that savings of emissions of greenhouse-gases are valued in terms of Argentina’s energy matrix. The efficiency, in terms of energy, involves the consumption for its manufacture (extraction, transport and assembly of materials), construction, maintenance and dismantling, recycling and final disposal of waste. Knowing this information at the preliminary stage can be advantageous to evaluate the selected materials in terms of energy and cost savings to amortize its value over the life cycle, and introduce other types of design. At present, there are significant problems of resource scarcity. The implementation of the analysis of life cycle (LC) should be a significant contribution in the field of construction in reference to awareness about energy conservation and efficiency, and therefore contributing to the sustainable development of societies.

Strangers in a New Land: Rural School Personnel’s Perceptions of the Implementation of an International Student Program

Many high schools in the northeastern United States have suffered from declining enrollment due to a declining population of school-age children in the region.Administrators,counselors and teachers perceive many impacts of the implementation of an international student program at a rural high school.This qualitative case study reveals that the rural high school’s unique nature impacts international student programs,international students influence both school culture and programming,and international students suffer from isolation.School leaders would benefit from considerations in the form of professional development both prior to implementation of an international student program and ongoing throughout its duration.It is important for schools to find ways to respectfully honor student cultures and optimize learning experiences.School leaders would be wise to determine desired size of international student programs and make efforts accordingly to achieve that size for optimal effectiveness for the benefit of both host and international students.Implications and recommendations for future research include further exploration of the perceived experiences of European and Chinese international students,understanding the unique nature of rural high schools and international student experiences,and examination of school practices.

Characterization of Wastewater in School Environments for an Ecological Treatment Solution: A Case Study of Ndiebene Gandiol 1 School

The study conducted at Ndiebene Gandiol 1 school in Senegal has unveiled serious environmental and public health challenges. The wastewater analysis revealed high levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and fecal coliforms, signaling potential risks to the well-being of students and staff. This situation mirrors a wider issue in rural educational settings, where inadequate sanitation persists. Intensive wastewater treatment options are known for their effectiveness against high pollutant loads but are resource-intensive in both energy and cost. Conversely, extensive treatment systems, while requiring more land, provide a sustainable alternative by harnessing natural processes for pollutant removal. The research suggests a hybrid treatment approach could serve the school’s needs, balancing the robust capabilities of intensive methods with the ecological benefits of extensive systems. Such a solution would need to be tailored to the specific environmental, financial, and logistical context of the school, based on comprehensive feasibility studies and stakeholder engagement. This study’s findings underscore the urgency of addressing sanitation in schools, as it is intrinsically linked to the health and academic success of students. Quick, effective, and long-term strategies are vital to secure a healthier and more prosperous future for the youth. With proper implementation, the school can transform its sanitation facilities, setting a precedent for rural educational institutions in Senegal and similar contexts globally.

Research on the teaching quality of compulsory education in China's West rural schools

The paper has compared the quality of compulsory education of rural schools in West China with the counties,cities,and provincial capitals,and find out that there is a big gap between the quality of West rural and urban compulsory education,the quality of some grades of the rural primary schools has not achieved the basic requirement of the curriculum standards,the gap between the quality of junior high schools in rural and urban areas is relatively severe.The mean score and qualified rate in the subjects of Chinese,mathematics and English of West rural junior high students are distinctly lower than that of the urban and county schools.The main factor that leads to the bigger discrepancy between the urban and rural education quality mainly lies in the difference in the teaching force.Compared with urban schools,the teachers in rural schools is insufficient and poorly-trained,with less access to teachers'professional development and support.The teaching quality in the West rural schools should be paid attention and improved in light of the rationale of educational equity.

School Mapping Restructure in China:What Role for the Small Rural School?

Despite significant progress over the past fifteen years associated with School Mapping Restructure(SMR)in Chinese rural schools,many small schools have been closed or have merged with larger primary schools.This has resulted,among other things,in difficulties for many students in rural areas who now have to travel longer distances to a central(primary)school and whose families generally have to bear greater expenses for schooling.This paper examines the role of small rural schools in the Chinese education system,looks at the context and impacts of SMR on these schools in terms of quality,cost and access indicators,and highlights some of the key difficulties faced by these schools in the restructured education system.We argue that small rural schools have a significant role to play in delivering education services in rural China and should therefore be retained,supported and equipped with the right levels of facilities and quality services for them to fulfill their role.The policy implications of these findings for education officials are discussed in the context of continuing SMR.

Classroom Teaching Evaluation of Chinese Painting as a Form of Fine Arts in Rural Junior High Schools

Teaching evaluation is an indispensable part of the teaching system of junior high school.In order to inherit the excellent traditional Chinese culture and arts,traditional Chinese painting has been paid more and more attention to in the fine arts curriculum of rural junior high school.This paper takes the classroom teaching evaluation of traditional Chinese painting as a form of fine arts in rural junior high school as the research object,and analyzes the problems existing in the classroom teaching evaluation of traditional Chinese painting in rural junior high school.This paper puts forward the corresponding improvement measures from the aspects of comprehensive evaluation object,concrete evaluation content,flexible evaluation language and diversified evaluation subjects,in order to improve the evaluation level of fine arts teachers'classroom teaching,improve students'aesthetic cognition and learning interest in traditional Chinese painting,and cultivate students'innovative thinking and spirit.

Relationship between Migration and HIV Risky Behavior: a Comparative Study of Returning Migrants and Non Migrants Based on Rural Out-of-school Youth in Jilin, China

Objective To estimate the relationship between migration and HIV risky behavior when controlling for gender, age, and educational levels and to evaluate the gender differences in migration, HIV knowledge, and HIV risky behaviors among rural youth in China. Methods A cross-sectional, anonymous, investigative questionnaire for 1710 unmarried, out-of-school rural youth, aged between 15 and 24 years, was handed out in Gongzhuling county of Jilin province, China. Results 58.5% of participants had a history of migration, irrespective of gender. There were gender differences observed in other factors such as drug abuse（4.3% for males and 5.5% for females, P〈0.01）, multiple sexual partners（24.1% for males and 44.1% for females, P〈0.01）, and HIV knowledge rate（35.2% for males and 25.5% for females, P〈0.001）. While controlling for gender, age, and educational levels, the relationships between migration and drug abuse, selling sex, and non usage of condoms during last instance of sexual activity were found to be significant. The cases of premarital sex and multiple sexual partners were both not found to be related to migration. Conclusion Among rural youth, the HIV risky behavior such as drug abuse, selling sex, and lack of condom use, is significantly related to migration, while premarital sex and multiple sexual partners seem unrelated to migration.

Analysis on Current Situation of English Teaching in Rural Primary Schools—Take Tai gu County in Shan Xi Province as an example

Nowadays,English education in rural areas draws more attention in the society.However,the current situation of English teaching is worrying.Visit and investigated Limeizhuang primary school in Taigu County,Shanxi province and found some problems,so as to promote English teaching in rural primary schools.

Psychological Problems and Countermeasures of Boarding Students in Rural Primary Schools——Based on the Investigation of County L in Shaanxi Province

With the implementation of the school relocation policy in the 1990s,the number of rural primary schools has dropped sharply. In order to better solve the problem of schooling for rural students,the development of boarding schools has become a realistic choice. However,for pupils lacking self-reliance,premature boarding can have an adverse effect on their mental development. In the investigation of county L in southern Shaanxi,the physical and mental development of boarding students is influenced by such factors such as the family's economic status,the supervision of primary boarding schools,and the isolation of social contacts under the boarding system. Therefore,trying to make recommendations to care for boarding students from the duties and responsibilities of the family,the school and the government is of positive significance in advancing education equity.

A Preliminary Study on the Teaching Evaluation Language of Art Teachers in Rural Middle Schools

Teachers'teaching evaluation language is an important part of art class teaching,which can directly affect students'interest in art class.Taking the teaching evaluation language of rural art teachers as the research object,this paper analyzes the main problems existing in teachers'teaching evaluation language through questionnaire survey,case analysis and interview.This paper puts forward some improvement strategies for teachers'teaching evaluation language from the aspects of management,concept and use,so as to provide some reference for junior middle school art teachers'teaching evaluation language.

Construction and Research of Formative Evaluation System in Fine Arts Classroom Teaching in Rural Primary Schools

With the popularization of quality education,the teaching evaluation of fine arts class in rural primary schools has become an important part of the new curriculum reform,which tests whether the teaching goals are effectively achieved.This paper takes the formative evaluation system of fine arts classroom teaching in rural primary schools as the research object,analyzes the research status of the formative evaluation system in rural primary schools,and expounds the theoretical basis and construction principles of the formative evaluation system.This paper constructs a formative evaluation system of fine arts classroom teaching in rural primary schools from the aspects of teachers and students inside and outside the classroom,teaching process and teaching effect,in order to effectively stimulate students'interest in learning and improve their aesthetic literacy.

Application of Multiple Evaluation in Art Classroom Teaching in Rural Primary Schools

With the reform and development of China's primary school art education,the art teaching activities have obtained constant improvement,and the multiple evaluation of art teaching plays an important role in the process of art teaching.Based on the current situation of the evaluation of art classroom teaching in rural primary schools,this article uses diversified evaluation methods,multi-dimensional evaluation subjects and multiple evaluation contents to change the traditional and single primary art classroom evaluation method,to strive to improve the quality of art classroom teaching and stimulate students'learning interests and adapt to the development needs of students with different personalities.

Analysis of English Teachers＇ Professional Development in Rural Primary Schools Taking the Surrounding Areas in Linyi as an Example

This thesis tries to explore the problems of the rural English teachers＇ professional development and aims to give some hints on teachers＇ professional development and future teacher training. This thesis makes a survey to 20 rural English teachers from 10 primary schools in the surrounding areas of Linyi City. The survey mainly focuses on the following four aspects： basic situation of the teachers, knowledge of English language and teaching skills, teachers＇ motivation, and self-analysis of their development. With an analysis of the results of the investigation, the author wants to evoke teachers＇ and researchers＇ awareness for improving English language teachers＇ professional development in rural primary schools

An Empirical Study of Using Imitation-Based Error Correction to Reduce Repeated Errors in English Writing of Rural Junior High School Students

Junior high school students in rural areas constitute a particular group of English learners, for whom English writing is not only important, but also difficult. In order to find out an effective means to help them enhance English writing proficiency. To this end, after carefully analyzing the writing characteristics of this group of English learners, one intact class in Grade 8 of No. 14 junior middle school in Wuwei was given an experimental treatment which required them to imitate the correct examples of expressions provided by their teacher where they used to make errors. Results revealed that students in experimental class outperform their peers in control class significantly.

The Construction and Application of Digital Resources in Rural Primary School English Teaching and Learning

To arouse rural primary school students’ English learning interest, broaden their horizon and promote their critical thinking, we construct a series of dig-ital education resources which include not only language points of phonetics, vocabulary, language skills of English teaching and learning but western and Chinese cultures. The results show teachers and students’ roles and discourse power changed by using the digital education resources in the process of rural primary school English teaching and learning.

Comparative analysis of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children and rural farmers in Obollo-Eke,Enugu State,Nigeria:Implications for control

Objective:To determine the prevalence,sex-age related intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and to compare such parameters among rural school children and rural fanners in selected communities in Obollo-Eke located in Southeast,Nigeria.Methods:A cross-sectional survey involving 1 337 school children and farmers was conducted in Obollo-Eke community between September 2006 and July 2007.Demographic data of subjects was collected using a questionnaire prepared for this purpose.Urine samples were collected and examined for haematuria and ova of Schistosoma haematobium(S.haematobium) using Medi-test Combi 9 and sedimentation technique respectively.Results:The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis based on microscopic examination of the urine sediment for the ova of 5.haematobium was 17.5%while the prevalence of haematuria was 15.6%.Infection intensity varied from light to heavy.In general,the prevalence was higher among males(20.8%) than females(14.6%;P】0.05) and was slightly higher among primary school children(18.0%;n=762) than farmers(16.9%;n=575;P】0.05).The age-specific prevalence of schistosomiasis among the study subjects ranged from 8.3%to 21.2%in 0-5 years and 11-15 years age groups respectively.Conclusions:Haematuria and mean egg/10 mL urine (r = 0.95;P【0.01) showed that both procedures are reliable for the diagnosis of the disease and can be used to ascertain the prevalence of the disease in any community.The comparative analysis of urinary bilharziasis among primary school children and rural farmers demonstrated that the infection is moderately high in these two risk population groups at Obollo-Eke.A robust intervention strategy is clearly needed.

如何优化乡村小规模学校布局

乡村小规模学校布局优化是城乡教育一体化发展的重点和难点,更是确保乡村儿童接受公平优质教育的重要基础。但现实中,小规模学校布局仍存在诸多问题:布局分散程度高;决策中缺少科学的程序和技术;布局规划中学校教育资源不足、弱势学生入学机会不均等;校际空间隔离,跨校资源共享难以稳定持续等。因此,应进一步明确小规模学校布局优化的逻辑理路:以教育规划理论引领布局优化的教育功能发挥;以“公平、效率、质量”框架重构布局规划目标;以“集中+分散”布局结构为乡村振兴奠定教育服务基础;以“入学可达性提升”促进乡村儿童入学机会均等;以资源均衡配置促进城乡学校一体化发展。同时,围绕“空间可达、服务范围、学校规模、校际发展优质均衡程度、能否促进学校传承乡土文化”等维度因地制宜设置学校布局标准,并提供支持性策略,主要包括:综合区位因素,构建小规模学校布局与乡村振兴规划融合系统;以参与式GIS技术为基础,优化学校布局规划程序;强化各级政府责任,妥善处理好布局规划中的伴生问题;共享教育资源,促进小规模学校与县镇学校一体化发展。

Analysis on the Status Quo and Paths of Informatization Teaching Ability of Teachers in Rural Primary and Middle Schools in Hotan Area

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the informatization teaching ability of teachers in rural primary and secondary schools in Hotan area through the literature method and questionnaire survey method.The investigation is mainly conducted in the aspects of teachers’informatization awareness,teachers’informatization ability,informatization application status,and existing problems,etc.,analyzing the constraints existing in the informatization teaching of rural elementary and middle schools teachers,and making targeted improvements Strategies for teachers’informatization teaching ability in rural elementary and middle schools:raising awareness of informatization teaching;informatization teaching training;informatization evaluation system;establishing a systematic and complete management system.

Research on the Basic Computer Application Learning Strategies in Rural Middle School

Fewer scholars in China fixed on the basic computer application learning strategies for rural students; in this paper,I want to discuss them for those students,and give them some helpful strategies to promote basic computer application learning in rural areas of China.

Place and Belonging: How Rural Primary School Principals can Promote Boarders’ Development by Building their Sense of Belonging to School?

Rural boarding schools in compulsory education in China have proliferated with school merger program.This paper analyzes the relationship between school belonging and student development and the factors that influence students'sense of belonging in rural boarding schools.The paper examines how principals in rural boarding schools in China can promote student development by building a sense of belonging.The paper argues that building this sense of belonging can serve as a solution to the current problems affecting rural boarding schools,improve the quality of rural primary education,and promote student development.