The Strange Relationship between the Momentum of a Photon Emitted from an Electron and the Momentum Acquired by the Electron

In quantum mechanics, the energy of a hydrogen atom is minimized when the principal quantum number n is 1. However, the author has previously pointed out that the hydrogen atom has a state where n=0. An electron in the state where n=0has zero rest mass energy. However, a hydrogen atom has an energy level even lower than the n=0state. This is hard to accept from the standpoint of common sense. Thus, the author has previously pointed out that an electron at the energy level where n=0has zero energy because the positive energy mec2and negative energy −mec2cancel each other out. This paper elucidates the strange relationship between the momentum of a photon emitted when a hydrogen atom is formed by an electron with such characteristics, and the momentum acquired by the electron.

A novel binary effective medium model to describe the prepeak stressstrain relationship of combined bodies of rock-like material and rock

Combined bodies of rock-like material and rock are widely encountered in geotechnical engineering,such as tunnels and mines.The existing theoretical models describing the stress-strain relationship of a combined body lack a binary feature.Based on effective medium theory,this paper presents the governing equation of the“elastic modulus”for combined and single bodies under triaxial compressive tests.A binary effective medium model is then established.Based on the compressive experiment of concretegranite combined bodies,the feasibility of determining the stress threshold based on crack axial strain is discussed,and the model is verified.The model is further extended to coal-rock combined bodies of more diverse types,and the variation laws of the compressive mechanical parameters are then discussed.The results show that the fitting accuracy of the model with the experimental curves of the concretegranite combined bodies and various types of coal-rock combined bodies are over 95%.The crack axial strain method can replace the crack volumetric strain method,which clarifies the physical meanings of the model parameters.The variation laws of matrix parameters and crack parameters are discussed in depth and are expected to be more widely used in geotechnical engineering.

Critical emancipatory reflection on establishing an equal,trusting relationship among surgery participants in clinical practice in China

Objective: Reflection is considered to be one of the important ways to learn from one's experience, and one should be encouraged to apply the skill of reflection in lifelong learning. The author used the critical emancipatory reflection theory to reflect on a practice issue,which was related to the relationship between doctors and nurses, and tries to become a lifelong reflective practitioner in clinical work.Methods: Smyth's reflective framework, which includes the steps describe, inform, confront, and reconstruct, will be used in this article to help the author to understand the process of reflection and improve the skill of reflection. Utilizing Smyth's reflective framework to reflect on an issue in practice allows the author to break the routine way of thinking and learn from experience, as well as providing a higher quality of service for patients.Results: The theory of emancipatory reflection along with the critical reflection theory will be used to determine the beliefs and values that rule the author's action and derive how these are distinct from what the author is supposed to achieve. Besides, critical emancipatory reflection theory will be used to discover the dominant power structures in clinical practice; symbolic interaction and hegemony will be utilized to discover the factors that prevent the author from achieving the desired goals; socialization theory will be applied to facilitate the author in improving the professional identity.Conclusions: Using the critical emancipatory reflection on the issue in practice helps the author to find out the constraints in practice,bridge the espoused value and enacted value, and thereafter undertake transformative changes in practice. Eventually, the author can improve the skill of critical emancipatory reflection and become a lifelong reflective practitioner, and the quality of clinical practice can be improved as a result.

Relationship between the Brittlement Susceptibility and H Permeation Current for UNS G11180 Steel in 5% NaCl Solution with H_2S

Sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) behaviour of UNS G11180 steel in 5% NaCl solution with H2S was studied by slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT), SEM and electrochemical hydro gen permeation technique. The results reveal different cracking mechanism and H permeation current (IH) through UNS G11180 steel plate in different concentration of H2S solution. The susceptibility to SSCC of UNS G11180 Steel in 5% NaCl solution with H2S was evaluated by the permeation current(IH, μA), which depends on the concentration (c×10-6) of H2S by the equation:IH = 8.525 ×c0.7249. lt is proved that the electrochemical H permeation method is a practical way to assess the susceptibility to SSCC.

Dark Matter and the Energy-Momentum Relationship in a Hydrogen Atom

Einstein derived the energy-momentum relationship which holds in an isolated system in free space. However, this relationship is not applicable in the space inside a hydrogen atom where there is potential energy. Therefore, in 2011, the author derived an energy-momentum relationship applicable to the electron constituting a hydrogen atom. This paper derives that relationship in a simpler way using another method. From this relationship, it is possible to derive the formula for the energy levels of a hydrogen atom. The energy values obtained from this formula almost match the theoretical values of Bohr. However, the relationship derived by the author includes a state that cannot be predicted with Bohr’s theory. In the hydrogen atom, there is an energy level with n = 0. Also, there are energy levels where the relativistic energy of the electron becomes negative. An electron with this negative energy (mass) exists near the atomic nucleus (proton). The name “dark hydrogen atom” is given to matter formed from one electron with this negative mass and one proton with positive mass. Dark hydrogen atoms, dark hydrogen molecules, other types of dark atoms, and aggregates made up of dark molecules are plausible candidates for dark matter, the mysterious type of matter whose true nature is currently unknown.

Relationships between two Pseudoalteromonas strains isolated from the Canada Basin and the Southern Ocean using a polyphasic approach

The evolutionary relationships and taxonomic position of two marine planktonic bacterial strains BSw20211 and BSwl0014, isolated from the Canada Basin and from the Southern Ocean, respectively, were determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. There was a close phylogenetic relationship between the two strains and most phenotypic properties were shared. Nonetheless, they were found to belong to different species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas on the basis of genotypic analyses. Findings were consistent with the suggestion that gyrB gene sequence comparison and DNA-DNA relatedness might better define phylogenetic relationships of bacteria at the species level. However, a cut-off value of 90% gyrB gene sequence similarity was not reliable for the differentiation of species within the genus Pseudoalteromonas.

Genetic Variations and Relationships of Papua’s Endemic Orchids Based on RAPD Markers

Orchidaceae has known as an attractive flower and immense species. We have found a large species of Orchidaceae grow naturally in Papua’s jungle, Indonesia territorial. This study aims to reveal genetic variation and genetic relationships among endemic orchids in Papua based on RAPD markers. The study included 26 accessions of Papua’s endemic orchids used for genomic DNA extraction. Genomic DNAs were extracted by usingDNAextraction kit from Qiagen and genomic DNA amplification by using 10 decamer RAPD primers. DNA fragments that were amplified by Polymerase Change Reaction (PCR) were visualized and documented by using UV illumination apparatus. Genetically, endemic Orchids in Papua were described high variation. Fragments amplification by using ten RAPD primers and performed in the PCR tools resulted in 54 numbers of polymorphic fragments and no monomorphic band. The number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 4 to 7 with averaged 5.4 bands per assay unit. The genetic dissimilarities (GDs) among examined orchids ranged from 0.10 to 0.94 based on Nei’s unbiased coefficients. Dendrogram construction showed that Papua’s endemic orchid (PEO) samples different from another and separated to form group by their own at the 0.40 coefficient value and at the 0.6 coefficient value indicate that PEO sample is divided into nine groups i.e. samples at the genera level were separated into their own groups.

On the Relationship between Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Global Temperature

The study of dynamic relationships between the atmospheric carbon dioxide and the Earth’s global temperature in the current changing climate supported the notion that the trend in the global temperature followed the trend in the atmospheric CO2 before the climate hiatus that started in the beginning of the 21st century. During the hiatus period, the heat trapped by the atmospheric CO2 is going mostly to the ocean. This conclusion is supported by comparison of the CO2 trend with the trend in the ocean heat content. The phase relationships between the CO2 and temperature are more complicated after the removal of the trends. The phase relationships are chaotic on time scales shorter than the annual time scale. During 1986-2008, the atmospheric CO2 changed in an-ti-phase with the global temperature. The phase relationship reversed in 1979 and after 2010. The atmospheric CO2 was in-phase with the global temperature on the El Nino time scale (2.3 - 7 years) except during very strong El Nino years in 1991-1999 when CO2 led the global temperature.

Application Research of Ingroup Preference in Employee Relationship Management

With stepwise development of Chinese enterprise,management problem is increasingly prominent,especially human resource management issues. Facing international environment of entering into World Trade Organization,the country accelerates construction pace of human resource management subject in colleges and universities,which provides professional channel for management efficiency and market competition ability of Chinese enterprise,but it is still far from practice. In this paper,the concept,origin and inhibition factors of ingroup preference are elaborated. Based on the visual angle of ingroup preference,started from four dimensions( enterprise incentive system,talent management idea,psychological contract and employee communication consciousness),main problems existing in employee relationship management of modern enterprise are explored. It is specially emphasized that manager often holds the blame in front of dealing with the crisis after contradiction,which is " fatal point" neglected in employee relationship management of modern enterprise. To improve its core competitive power,enterprise must value harmonious relationship with employees.

The Image and Text Relationship in TANG Yin＇s Scroll of Poetry and Painting

This paper seeks to examine the image and text relationship in TANG Yin＇s scroll of poetry and painting from three aspects： The first aspect focuses upon the schema type of its image and text relationship in physical form; the second aspect, explores the text＇s/poetry＇s functions of anchorage and relay while appreciating those images/paintings; the third aspect, traces the semiosis process of image, exploring how image and text as cultural products in the epistemological world mediates with the phenomenological world

Progress Made on China-U.S.Trade Relationship at the 22nd JCCT Session

China and the United States concluded the 22nd session of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) on November 21 in Chengdu, China. Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan cochaired the two-day meeting with U.S. Secretary of Commerce John Bryson and U.

Exploration on the Characteristics and Important Relationships of Xi Jinping's New Concept of Coordinated Economic Development

During the 18 th CPC National Congress, Xi Jinping raised a series of economic development thoughts, namely the five new concepts of development; innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, and put forward a series of economic development thoughts including"people-centered"economic development. These are the new summations of the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the latest achievements in the theory of the political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics."People-centered"is both the starting point and final purpose of coordinated economic development, an accurate mastery of social and economic development rules, and also the foundation and specific manifestation of coordinated development between people and society. People's subjectivity, coordinated inclusiveness and dialectics of development are the characteristics of coordinated economic development. Regional coordinated development, urbanrural coordinated development, industrial coordinated development, coordinated development of national defense and economic construction, supply and demand coordinated development, ecological coordinated development and interacted coordinated development of the global economy are the important relationships of coordinated economic development that we have to recognize and handle properly.

An Analysis on Women's Relationship in The House of Mirth

In The House of Mirth,written by Edith Wharton,most of feminist critics emphasize the awakening process of Lily’s selfconsciousness and women’s suffering in that patriarchal society.Different from them,the paper attempts to equally focus on the other female characters in the novel and regard the relations between them as a whole in order to reveal that most of women,especially those from the upper-class,still fail to recognize the necessity of unity,and it’s still a long way for them to go until reach the final success.

On Lawrence's View of Sexual Relationship from Lady Chatterley's Lover

Lady Chatterley’s Lover is David Herbert Lawrence’s last novel of elaborating sexual relationship in extramarital affairs.Since the novel was published in 1928,scholars have been studying it from various perspectives.Lawrence depicts intercourse between the two protagonists explicitly by actions,discourses and mental acts,and he once justified the publication of this book,which provides possibility and clues for probing his view of sex and sexual relationship through the novel.Staring from Mellors’discourses with Connie,the description of male characters,and the anima and animus archetypes in the novel,the paper analyzes Lawrence’s sexual theory and his advocacy for combination of body and soul based on the British society then and Lawrence’s own experience.

Relationship between biological features and the SMVS's inhibitory effect on mating behavior of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)

Our previous studies revealed that second malevibration signal (SMVS) restrained the matingbehavior of N. lugens, the influences of threebiological features (density, age, and wingform) on SMVS’s inhibitory effect were hereinstudied by playing back its record. The dura-tion of playback was 4 h. Except otherwisestatement, N. lugens tested were virginmacropterous males and females aged 4-6 d af-ter emergence, and the density was 5 pairs (5females and 5 males) of N. lugens per cage (4cm in diameter and 8 cm in height). The in-hibitory effect of SMVS was evaluated usingmating rate (i. e. the rate of females withspermatophore). The results were as follows:

GDI and GSI: China’s New Propositions for Global Governance

In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.

Combining the Rule of Law with the Rule of Morality——General Secretary Xi Jinping's Important Discourse on the Relationship Between the Rule of Law and Rule by Virtue

Key points:Throughout the ages,rule of law has been an indispensable means of governing a state.However,as General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out,it is not enough to govern a state by the rule of law