The Role and Impact of Nonstate Actors from the Perspective of the Russia-Ukraine Crisis

TheRussia-Ukrainecrisiswas araremilitary crisis between European powers after the end of the Cold War,which led to confrontation between Western countries and Russia.Such a crisis also triggered the extensive involvement of nonstate actors,such as international capital giants,small and micro technology enterprises,emerging international platforms,and multinational corporations.Nonstate actors play an important role in international politics.Benefiting from the development of globalization and the accelerated evolution of the digital age,nonstate actors have exerted a significant influence on the international pattern by intervening in the competition between countries,participating in the process of global governance,and influencing the thoughts of science and technology.These actors have become an important variable affecting the world.The rising role of nonstate actors has many implications for China to expand its strength and safeguard national interests and security.

Strategic Thinking on the Russia-Ukraine Crisis from the Perspective of a Holistic Approach to National Security

Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,has creatively put forward a holistic approach to national security,making a major breakthrough beyond the traditional national security concepts and providing the world with a new one characterized by universality and inclusivity.This thesis uses a holistic approach to national security to analyze the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis:its underlying causes,latest developments,tactics deployed,and potential implications.The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine crisis highlights the antagonism between different national security paths of the US,Russia,and Ukraine.Moreover,the crisis has proven the correctness of the path of national security with Chinese characteristics and the importance of pursuing peaceful development.The process of the Russia-Ukraine crisis has foregrounded the necessity and scientificity of balancing development and security-that is,a higher level of national security provides a guarantee and support for high-quality development,which in turn improves its competence and efficiency.Typified by intertwined traditional and non-traditional security issues,the form of the RussiaUkraine crisis has indicated that,to safeguard national security,China must coordinate a full spectrum of security issues,be prepared for worst-case scenarios,and remain keenly alert to potential dangers.Efforts must be made to strengthen a well-coordinated,interconnected,and multi-pronged approach.The consequences of the Russia-Ukraine crisis shed light on the complexity of the international security environment wheredisorder prevails,and underscore the importance of paying equal attention to our security and that shared by the world.China must continue to encourage all other countries to pursue peaceful development,actively respond to the legitimate security concerns of the international community,and promote a new type of international security framework that features mutually beneficial cooperation under the vision of a community with a shared future for humanity.

The Implications of the Russia-Ukraine Waron Sustainable Development Goals inAfrica

The existing discourses on the Russia-Ukraine war mainly focus on the humanitar-ian crisis in Ukraine and the implications for the global economy.There is a lack of policy and scholarly attention to how the war threatens the prospects for realising Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Underpinned by a critical document analy-sis of secondary sources available in academic and grey literature and focusing on Africa,the article explores various global challenges ensuing from the crisis.It dem-onstrates how such challenges impact prospects for achieving SDGs in Africa.Using the first two SDGs as an example,the study found that with the disruption of the global supply chain by the war and the international sanctions imposed on Russia,Africa now experiences food commodity and energy shortages,soaring inflation,and commodity price hikes which now threatens to worsen poverty and hunger.The article recommends that Africa prioritise structural change and regional cooperation,reconsidering the global financial system and how development finance is structured and maintaining a steady commitment to building resilience.Future research could be focused on the effectiveness of non-sanctions-based conflict resolutions.

How Does Egypt Face the Negative Effects of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Energy Sector in the State Budget 22/23?

Egypt has reviewed plans to deal with the economic impacts of the Russia-Ukraine crisis that the country will possibly face,including on petroleum prices.In recent years,Egypt has raised gasoline prices several times,the last of which was by 25 piastres earlier this month,as per recommendations of Egypt’s Fuel Automatic Pricing Committee held every three months.This comes while the government presses ahead with plans to convert petrol-powered vehicles to run on natural gas,a step that should contribute to reducing the cost of subsidized petroleum products in the state budget.Egypt,which has achieved self-sufficiency in natural gas in 2018,is planning to use its position on Europe’s doorstep to become a major supplier of liquified natural gas(LNG)to the continent,which is transitioning away from other fossil fuels.

Quantifying the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and the armed conflict with Russia on Sentinel 5P TROPOMI NO_(2)changes in Ukraine

This study investigated variations in nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))levels in Ukraine during two significant periods:the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in 2020 and the armed conflict with Russia in 2022.Original and reprocessed Sentinel 5P data products were utilized for the analysis.A machine learning model was employed to generate a business-as-usual NO_(2)time series that accounted for meteorological variability.For the nine most populous cities in Ukraine,during the lockdown in 2020 we observed a moderation of increases in NO_(2)levels during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown levels.Looking at the same months during the conflict period in 2022,we identified much more significant reductions in NO_(2)level in these cities,averaging 12.1%for original and 18.1%for reprocessed datasets.Besides our examination of major urban areas,we observed reductions in NO_(2)levels in areas surrounding coal power plants damaged or destroyed by the conflict.For the major urban areas in Ukraine,we conclude that changes in daily anthropogenic activities due to the conflict-related events had more substantial impacts on NO_(2)levels than did COVID-19 lockdown.