The Implications of the Russia-Ukraine Waron Sustainable Development Goals inAfrica

The existing discourses on the Russia-Ukraine war mainly focus on the humanitar-ian crisis in Ukraine and the implications for the global economy.There is a lack of policy and scholarly attention to how the war threatens the prospects for realising Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Underpinned by a critical document analy-sis of secondary sources available in academic and grey literature and focusing on Africa,the article explores various global challenges ensuing from the crisis.It dem-onstrates how such challenges impact prospects for achieving SDGs in Africa.Using the first two SDGs as an example,the study found that with the disruption of the global supply chain by the war and the international sanctions imposed on Russia,Africa now experiences food commodity and energy shortages,soaring inflation,and commodity price hikes which now threatens to worsen poverty and hunger.The article recommends that Africa prioritise structural change and regional cooperation,reconsidering the global financial system and how development finance is structured and maintaining a steady commitment to building resilience.Future research could be focused on the effectiveness of non-sanctions-based conflict resolutions.

The Role and Impact of Nonstate Actors from the Perspective of the Russia-Ukraine Crisis

TheRussia-Ukrainecrisiswas araremilitary crisis between European powers after the end of the Cold War,which led to confrontation between Western countries and Russia.Such a crisis also triggered the extensive involvement of nonstate actors,such as international capital giants,small and micro technology enterprises,emerging international platforms,and multinational corporations.Nonstate actors play an important role in international politics.Benefiting from the development of globalization and the accelerated evolution of the digital age,nonstate actors have exerted a significant influence on the international pattern by intervening in the competition between countries,participating in the process of global governance,and influencing the thoughts of science and technology.These actors have become an important variable affecting the world.The rising role of nonstate actors has many implications for China to expand its strength and safeguard national interests and security.

Strategic Thinking on the Russia-Ukraine Crisis from the Perspective of a Holistic Approach to National Security

Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,has creatively put forward a holistic approach to national security,making a major breakthrough beyond the traditional national security concepts and providing the world with a new one characterized by universality and inclusivity.This thesis uses a holistic approach to national security to analyze the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis:its underlying causes,latest developments,tactics deployed,and potential implications.The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine crisis highlights the antagonism between different national security paths of the US,Russia,and Ukraine.Moreover,the crisis has proven the correctness of the path of national security with Chinese characteristics and the importance of pursuing peaceful development.The process of the Russia-Ukraine crisis has foregrounded the necessity and scientificity of balancing development and security-that is,a higher level of national security provides a guarantee and support for high-quality development,which in turn improves its competence and efficiency.Typified by intertwined traditional and non-traditional security issues,the form of the RussiaUkraine crisis has indicated that,to safeguard national security,China must coordinate a full spectrum of security issues,be prepared for worst-case scenarios,and remain keenly alert to potential dangers.Efforts must be made to strengthen a well-coordinated,interconnected,and multi-pronged approach.The consequences of the Russia-Ukraine crisis shed light on the complexity of the international security environment wheredisorder prevails,and underscore the importance of paying equal attention to our security and that shared by the world.China must continue to encourage all other countries to pursue peaceful development,actively respond to the legitimate security concerns of the international community,and promote a new type of international security framework that features mutually beneficial cooperation under the vision of a community with a shared future for humanity.

PACT/WAR工艺在腈纶污水处理工程中的应用

丙烯腈/腈纶污水污染物浓度高,含难生化处理的低聚物,处理难度大,成为困扰企业污水达标排放的难题。介绍了国内企业腈纶污水处理的工程实践及实验研究,采用PACT/WAR工艺处理腈纶污水的工程实例。工程运行表明:该工艺处理包括丙烯腈/腈纶污水在内的炼油、化工污水,处理效果良好,能够达到一级直排标准。针对运行中出现的问题,提出相应的解决方案及优化建议。

Assessment of Ecosystems Damages Caused by Russian War against Ukraine

The question of the impact of war on ecosystems still remains secondary in the internal and external policy of states, society and the agenda of international organizations. From the point of view of losses in monetary terms, the values of ecosystem damages obtained in the work, which are a consequence of the impact of hostilities on the environment, correspond to the annual budgets of the largest countries in the world or exceed them. The presented calculations significantly exceed the known normative methods, the use of which in the conditions of war is limited in space and time. Objective difficulties associated with the uncertainty of many processes of the development of ecological systems and their reaction to the multifactorial impact of war are also significant limitations. Therefore, as part of the study, a method of assessing the impact of war on the environment is proposed, which is based on the patterns of energy flows in ecosystems from the moment it is binding by producers. This made it possible to take into account in the calculations the principle of functional integrity of the ecological system, according to which the destruction or damage of the components of a functionally whole environment will necessarily cause negative phenomena in the development of ecological systems. The results are presented in the form of real values of ecological losses in energy and monetary equivalents, as consequences of the loss of ecosystem services. As the results of the research show, the minimum amount of damage to ecosystems from Russian tanks is 43,500 USD per day. Environmental damage from Russian fighter jets has been estimated at $1.5 billion per week since the start of the war. Noise from military operations causes losses of at least 2.3 billion US dollars per year. The obtained results create prerequisites for improving the system of ensuring environmental safety at the local, state, and international levels and transferring the obtained solutions into safety-shaping practice.

Review and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agricultural Herbicides as Military Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

The legacy of the human misery caused by the application of the herbicides including Agent Purple and Agent Orange contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the arsenic-based herbicide, sprayed over the jungles, rice fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been prevented? Was it necessary United States military strategy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldiers and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their land and cause generations of harm? Alternatively, was it an unpreventable accident in the march of military history? What patterns in the U.S. government’s thought process could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these herbicides as tactical chemical weapons? If the introduction of herbicide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War and the Secret Wars in Laos and Cambodia have been any different? The objective of this treatise is to outline the role of world events and backgrounds and the role of the leaders, U.S. military, CIA, USDA, U.S. State Department, the U.S. President appointed Ambassadors to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and President Diệm’s Republic of Vietnam (RVN) government and military. Their collective advice led to the decision to use herbicides as military and environmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Were the National interests achieved by U.S. military strategy in the RVN using herbicide weapons worth the long-term environmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War?

Rebellion in Northern Manchuria During the Third Revolutionary War in China and Its Causes

The frequent rebellions in Northern Manchuria during the Third Revolutionary War occurred in the special context of the struggle between the Kuomintang(KMT)and the Communist Party of China(CPC)for Northeast China after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.The rebellion reached its peak during the KMTs attack on Northeast China,followed by a second wave of rebellion after the defeat in the Defensive Battle of Siping.It tended to disappear after the downfall of the Jiang Pengfei Group.In addition to the blind recruitment of the CPC in traditional narratives,the instigation of the KMT,the traditional mutiny of the old army,the limitations of the early work of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army,the early activities of the KMT,and the regional conflicts between the local and foreign forces are also important reasons for the concentration of rebellions.

An Exploration of the British Army Female Nursing Service during World War I

After the outbreak of World War I,the British War Office decided to dispatch female nursing personnel to the front lines due to the severe casualties among soldiers,the underdeveloped military medical services of the allied forces,and the maturity of the British Army female nursing service.Despite the harsh working conditions and the complexities of nurse-patient relationships under wartime restrictions,the female nursing staff also experienced moments of leisure that allowed them to relax and recuperate.The wartime British Army Female Nursing Service had a positive effect in reducing casualties and promoting the development of the official nurse registration movement.

新型Rho激酶抑制剂WAR5治疗EAE的初步研究

目的:探讨新型Rho激酶抑制剂WAR5对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)的治疗效果及其可能的作用机制。方法:雌性C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为EAE组和WAR5治疗组。EAE模型采用MOG35-55多肽诱导,免疫后第3天起隔天腹腔注射WAR5或生理盐水至第27天,观察并比较临床症状和体重变化。免疫后第28天处死动物,取脊髓进行HE和髓鞘染色,流式细胞术检测脾细胞M1和M2型巨噬细胞表型。提取脑和脊髓组织蛋白,采用Western blotting检测脑和脊髓诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达。结果:WAR5治疗能有效推迟临床发病时间,非常显著减轻EAE临床症状。病理检查发现WAR5治疗减少EAE髓鞘脱失和中枢神经系统炎症浸润。同时,WAR5抑制M1型巨噬细胞CD16/32表达,还可增加M2型巨噬细胞CD206表达,并且能够抑制脑和脊髓中iNOS的表达水平。结论:新型Rho激酶抑制剂对EAE有明显的治疗效果,可能与其诱导炎症性M1型巨噬细胞向抗炎性的M2表型转化、从而抑制中枢神经系统的炎症反应有关。

品味《Summer Wars》的夏日温馨——浅析《Summer Wars》中的人物形象及其动人情感

日本动画《Summer Wars》采取的是人们司空见惯的小人物拯救世界的题材,却铸就了一部直抵观众灵魂的巨作。究其原因在于导演细田守温情而细腻的表达手法,让片中的每一个角色性格都十分鲜活,栩栩如生,跃然银幕,让所有观众都感同身受,爱不释手。

新型Rho激酶抑制剂WAR5对阿尔茨海默病神经保护作用的研究

目的探讨腹腔注射新型Rho激酶抑制剂WAR5对阿尔茨海默病(AD)的神经保护作用。方法16只APP/PS1双转基因小鼠随机分成2组,即AD模型组、WAR5组,每组各8只。应用Morris水迷宫实验检测各组小鼠行为学改变,蛋白质印迹法检测各组小鼠脑组织胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)和神经营养素(NT)-3蛋白表达,免疫荧光染色检测各组小鼠脑组织GDNF和NT-3阳性表达。结果经WAR5治疗的小鼠在认知功能上优于AD组,同时WAR5能增加中枢神经系统中GDNF和NT-3等神经营养因子的表达。结论腹腔注射WAR5对AD鼠具有良好的治疗效果,可更好地改善AD模型小鼠的运动能力和空间记忆能力,所以WAR5可能成为治疗AD的一个很好的策略。

概念隐喻X IS WAR的认知建构与解读

依据相关理论分析概念隐喻X IS WAR的认知建构与解读过程发现,战争隐喻的建构者与解读者在认知条件、着眼点等方面有差异。认知主体的经验与百科知识在X IS WAR概念隐喻的建构与解读过程中始终起关键作用。

War,Disillusionment and Courage——A Brief Analysis of In Another Country

This short essay gives a general introduction and analysis of one of Hemingway's short stories-In Another Country.By depicting the physically injured soldiers in a hospital in Milan because of the war,the story shows the damaging psychological and physical effects of World War I,which will never been recovered.It also examines people's disillusionment of old faiths and views of the world,and their courage to face the tragedy and reality.

War and Love in A Farewell to Arms

Ernest Hemingway,the famous American writer,was one of the representatives of "the lost generation". He was good at depicting the life and the inner world of "the lost generation" ,especially the youth. A Farewell to Arms is one of his masterpieces. Because of the similarities between the hero and Hemingway himself,many critics regard it as an autobiographical novel. The novel develops with the themes of war and love,exposing the brutality and absurdity of World War I,and the unforgettable pain it caused. At the same time,Hemingway extolled beautiful and unselfish love. In an age filled with war and chaos,pure love served as a beacon in the darkness,bringing hope,comfort and courage to people.

War3：喧嚣的赛场,寂静的夺冠

＂这样一个大牌云集的比赛,最终决赛竟然没有直播？＂一位叫＂幽幽BM＂的玩家在论坛上吼道。2010年1月5日,WGT直播表上赫然写着＂war3决赛＂的字样,但＂决赛呢？在哪比的？＂成为了广大网友们的疑问。

基于NETWARS框架的网络仿真研究

分析研究网络战仿真(NETWARS)体系框架,应用于海上通信网的仿真研究中,提出了通信网络仿真的研究方法,基于0PNET软件对海上通信网的设备、链路、应用业务进行仿真建模和实现,构建海上通信网的仿真模型库;并针对典型场景进行仿真研究,仿真模型的可重用性好,仿真结果可用于通信网络的性能分析和系统体系结构研究的支撑。

Gastrointestinal problems in modern wars: clinical features and possible mechanisms

Gastrointestinal problems are common during wars, and they have exerted significant adverse effects on the health of service members involved in warfare. The spectrum of digestive diseases has varied during wars of different eras. At the end of the 20 th century, new frontiers of military medical research emerged due to the occurrence of high-tech wars such as the Gulf War and the Kosovo War, in which ground combat was no longer the primary method of field operations. The risk to the military personnel who face trauma has been greatly reduced, but disease and non-battle injuries(DNBIs) such as neuropsychological disorders and digestive diseases seemed to be increased. Data revealed that gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and noncardiac chest pain are common among military personnel during modern wars. In addition, a large number of deployed soldiers and veterans who participated in recent wars presented with chronic gastrointestinal complaints, which fulfilled with the Rome III criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs). It was also noted that many veterans who returned from the Gulf War suffered not only from chronic digestive symptoms but also from neuropsychological dysfunction; however, they also showed symptoms of other systems. Presently, this broad range of unexplained symptoms is known as "Gulf War syndrome". The mechanism that underlies Gulf War syndrome remains unclear, but many factors have been associated with this syndrome such as war trauma, stress, infections, immune dysfunction, radiological factors, anthrax vaccination and so on. Some have questioned if the diagnosis of FGIDs can be reached given the complexity of the military situation. As a result, further studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease among military personnel.

Progression of intervention-focused research for Gulf War illness

The Persian Gulf War of 1990 to 1991 involved the deployment of nearly 700,000 American troops to the Middle East.Deployment-related exposures to toxic substances such as pesticides,nerve agents,pyridostigmine bromide(PB),smoke from burning oil wells,and petrochemicals may have contributed to medical illness in as many as 250,000 of those American troops.The cluster of chronic symptoms,now referred to as Gulf War Illness(GWI),has been studied by many researchers over the past two decades.Although over$500 million has been spent on GWI research,to date,no cures or condition-specific treatments have been discovered,and the exact pathophysiology remains elusive.Using the 2007 National Institute of Health(NIH)Roadmap for Medical Research model as a reference framework,we reviewed studies of interventions involving GWI patients to assess the progress of treatment-related GWI research.All GWI clinical trial studies reviewed involved investigations of existing interventions that have shown efficacy in other diseases with analogous symptoms.After reviewing the published and ongoing registered clinical trials for cognitivebehavioral therapy,exercise therapy,acupuncture,coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),mifepristone,and carnosine in GWI patients,we identified only four treatments(cognitive-behavioral therapy,exercise therapy,CoQ10,and mifepristone)that have progressed beyond a phase II trial.We conclude that progress in the scientific study of therapies for GWI has not followed the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research model.Establishment of a standard case definition,prioritized GWI research funding for the characterization of the pathophysiology of the condition,and rapid replication and adaptation of early phase,single site clinical trials could substantially advance research progress and treatment discovery for this condition.

A comprehensive musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous system assessment of war-related bilateral upper extremity amputees

Background: Upper limb amputations are one of the unpleasant war injuries that armed forces are exposed to frequently. The present study aimed to assess the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems in Iraq-Iran war veterans with bilateral upper extremity amputation.Methods: The study consisted of taking a history and clinical examinations including demographic data, presence and location of pain, level of amputation, passive and active ranges of movement of the joints across the upper and lower extremities and spine, manual palpation, neurological examination, blood circulation pulses and issues related to a prosthetic limb. In this study, 103 Iranian bilateral upper extremity amputees(206 amputations) from the IranIraq war were evaluated, and a detailed questionnaire was also administered.Results: The most common level of amputation was the finger or wrist level(108, 52.4%). Based on clinical examination, we found high frequencies of limited active and passive joint range of movement across the scapula, shoulder, elbow, wrist and metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal and thumb joints. Based on muscle strength testing, we found varying degrees of weakness across the upper limbs. Musculoskeletal disorders included epicondylitis(65, 31.6%), rotator cuff injury(24, 11.7%), bicipital tendonitis(69, 33.5%), shoulder drop(42, 20.4%) and muscle atrophy(19, 9.2%). Peripheral nerve disorders included carpal tunnel syndrome in 13(6.3%) and unilateral brachial plexus injury in 1(1%). Fifty-three(51.5%) were diagnosed with facet joint syndrome at the level of the cervical spine(the most frequent site). Using a prosthesis was reported by 65(63.1%), both left and right sides. The back was the most common site of pain(71.8%).Conclusion: The high prevalence of neuro-musculoskeletal disorders among bilateral upper extremity amputees indicates that they need regular rehabilitation care.

Britain's Role in the Early Days of Cold War and the Extentof Avoidability of "War

This article probes the role that Great Britain played in stabilizing European economy and politics and its role in curbing the influence of communism during the first period of the Cold War by providing accurate statistics and hard believable facts. Apart from this, this article also discusses the extent of possibility of keeping peace during the Cold War. Through Vietnam War and Korean War and some other conflicts between two ideological rival blocs, the author safely concludes that peace is conditioned, if the power of balance is broken, the Cold War can be a hot one.